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5.1 This test method is an indicator of the wear characteristics of non-petroleum and petroleum hydraulic fluids operating in a constant volume vane pump. Excessive wear in vane pumps could lead to malfunction of hydraulic systems in critical applications.1.1 This test method covers a constant volume vane pump test procedure operated at 1200 r/min and 13.8 MPa.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 Exception—There are no SI equivalents for the inch fasteners and inch O-rings that are used in the apparatus in this test method.1.2.2 Exception—In some cases English pressure values are given in parentheses as a safety measure.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers the requirements for electrical liquid level indicating equipment for shipboard low pressure and high pressure tanks containing freshwater, feed water, potable water, seawater, wastewater, diesel fuel, lubricating oil, contaminated oil, refrigerants, JP fuels, and various other fluids. Application includes compensating tanks in which the equipment must locate the interface. Each liquid level indicating equipment shall consists of one or more sensing devices; primary indicator panel assembly; and flexible interconnections, auxiliary indicator panel assembly, and portable indicator panel assembly, when needed or required. The level sensing techniques include: admittance and impedance, magnetic float, differential pressure, time domain reflectometry, capacitance, resistance tape, static pressure, radar, and ultrasonic sensing. The most common types of process media and the specified pressure range and display for liquid level indication are given. Materials for the sensing devices and wetted pans shall be selected for long-term compatibility with the process medium. Physical property requirements include: (1) enclosure, (2) liquid level indicating equipment mounting, (3) external configuration, (4) electrical connection, and (5) size and weight. Critical service life and performance requirements shall be specified in the acquisition requirements. The following performance characteristics and environmental exposures may or may not be important to the intended application: accuracy, response time, repeatability, hysteresis, insulation resistance, specific gravity, fluid conductivity, tank wall proximity, inclination, spike voltage, salt spray, vibration, shock enclosure, dc magnetic field, electromagnetic interference, immersion, and supply line voltage and frequency variation. Inspection requirements specified are classified as (1) first article test and (2) conformance test.1.1 This specification covers the requirements for electrical liquid level indicating equipment for shipboard low pressure and high pressure tanks containing freshwater, feed water, potable water, seawater, wastewater, diesel fuel, lubricating oil, contaminated oil, refrigerants, JP fuels, and various other fluids. Application includes compensating tanks in which the equipment must locate the interface.1.2 Each liquid level indicating equipment typically consists of the following components:(a) One or more sensing devices;(b) Flexible interconnections, if needed;(c) Primary indicator panel assembly;(d) Auxiliary indicator panel assembly, when required; and(e) Portable indicator panel assembly, when required.1.3 Special requirements for naval shipboard applications are included in the Supplementary Requirements section to this specification.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Inch-pound units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Where information is to be specified, it shall be stated in SI units.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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C22.2 NO. 24-93 (R2003) Temperature-Indicating and -Regulating Equipment 现行 发布日期 :  1970-01-01 实施日期 : 

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ASTM D7393-16(2020) Standard Practice for Indicating Oil in Abrasives Active 发布日期 :  1970-01-01 实施日期 : 

4.1 Oil in abrasives can be transferred to the surface being cleaned, thus contaminating it. This can cause film defects, affect adhesion of the coating applied over it, and the ultimate performance of the coating system.4.2 Oil in abrasives is one of the cleanliness tests required for mineral and slag abrasives in SSPC-AB 1, for recycled ferrous abrasives in SSPC-AB 2, for new ferrous abrasives in SSPC-AB 3, and for recyclable encapsulated abrasive media in SSPC-AB 4.4.3 Other contaminants in abrasive such as chemical contaminants or particulate matter require other methods for detection such as Test Method D4940 for conductive-potential, ionic contaminants. Because Test Method D4940 specifies a different ratio of abrasive to water and requires the use of higher purity water, the solution resulting from the evaluation of the oil in abrasive shall not be used for the evaluation in accordance with Test Method D4940.1.1 This practice is used to determine the presence of oil in abrasives used for abrasive blast cleaning.1.2 The procedure can be used in the laboratory, field, blast and paint shop or steel fabrication shop.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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2.1 Capillary moisture in the concrete may be detrimental to the performance of certain coating systems that cannot tolerate moisture on or within the surface boundary.2.2 This test method is used prior to the application of coatings on concrete.1.1 This test method is used to indicate the presence of capillary moisture in concrete.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific caution statements, see Section 4.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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2.1 Clean compressed air is required to prevent contamination of coating materials and surfaces being prepared for coating. This test method is a visual examination technique for determining oil or water in compressed air. Other types of contamination may require additional analytical techniques for detection.1.1 This test method is used to determine the presence of oil or water in compressed air used for abrasive blast cleaning, air blast cleaning, and coating application operations.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 4.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is an indicator of the wear characteristics of petroleum hydraulic fluids operating in a constant volume vane pump. Excessive wear in vane pumps could lead to malfunction of hydraulic systems in critical industrial or mobile hydraulic applications.1.1 This test method covers a constant volume high-pressure vane pump test procedure for indicating the wear characteristics of petroleum hydraulic fluids. See Annex A1 for recommended testing conditions for water-based synthetic fluids.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice is a screening tool and should be used in conjunction with other more accurate real-time load-measuring techniques.5.2 This practice covers the use of PIF, which is available in several load ranges. This practice also covers the use of a manual or automatic scanning device to read indicated load.5.3 Limitations include those applications in which the PIF may be kinked, twisted, or buckled. PIF does not withstand elevated temperature, low temperature, or fluid aging and does not take into account any relaxation of bolts, gasket materials, or flange twisting, as it provides only the maximum attained pressure.1.1 This practice covers a standard means for measuring initial static sealing pressure in transportation applications.1.2 It uses a pressure-indicating film (PIF) that will record the maximum load imprint of the seal-to-flange interfaces. The imprints will vary in intensity based on load across and along the interface.1.3 These imprints can be used to determine if initial load on the gasket is adequate to attain a seal. These imprints may also indicate correct bolt torque sequence. These imprints may also be used to determine if the mating surface waviness or local flatness meets gasket requirements. Roughness is rarely found by PIFs because peak-to-peak wavelengths are too short. PIF is very good at finding waviness (peak to peak > 2.5 mm) and local flatness dips. PIFs provide an approximation of maximum pressures, and do not take into account relaxation of the joint after the torque sequence. Other methods involving dynamic measurement should be used if flange loading after relaxation is desired.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers externally threaded bolts, studs, and cap screws called fasteners, capable of indicating clamping forces up to yield strength during the tightening process or post installation residual tension, or both. Load-indicating fasteners utilize mechanical, electronic, or ultrasonic means to indicate fastener tension. These fasteners provide a means to verify the desired clamp load in critical applications upon installation and in service. This specification covers the following four different types of load-indicating fasteners: mechanical dial type (MT); electronic type (ET); strain gauge type (ST); and ultrasonic type (UT). Tension test shall be performed to conform to the chemical and mechanical requirements specified.1.1 This specification covers externally threaded bolts, studs, and cap screws, herein called fasteners, capable of indicating clamping forces up to yield strength during the tightening process or post installation residual tension, or both. Load-indicating fasteners utilize a variety of sensor types to indicate fastener tension. This specification outlines the various types of load indication technologies available and defines their performance requirements.1.2 This specification covers fastener diameters 1/4 to 7 in. [M6 to M180] inclusive. Fasteners are manufactured from a variety of material types and grades. All fastener materials shall be defined by a governing engineering standard or specification for strength and performance values (see 6.1). Fasteners governed by this specification shall maintain traceability of material test records throughout the manufacturing process to verify conformance with the applicable fastener standards.1.3 These fasteners provide a means to verify the desired clamp load in critical applications upon installation and in service.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.5 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portion, Section 11, of the specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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