定价： 590元 加购物车

4.1 This guide is intended to define work-related injuries and illnesses in a way that can be easily understood and measured across countries. These injuries and illnesses can be used to evaluate, compare, and continually improve management systems and programs related to worker safety and health. Although several levels of severity may be defined, the primary objective is to identify cases with meaningful connection to work and cases with such potential consequence that they have value for prevention purposes. The resultant data and incidence rates should improve global benchmarking consistency.4.2 This guide defines recording criteria for Level One cases—cases that have a clear connection to the workplace and consequences that are significant for driving injury and illness prevention and efforts.4.3 While not mandated by this guide, recording of Level Two cases is encouraged and will still be mandatory in many jurisdictions. Level Two cases are those cases currently required to be reported by countries, states, and other jurisdictions.1.1 This guide is intended to establish definitions and criteria for recording occupational injuries and illnesses to be used for measuring safety performance, evaluating safety program performance, and improving consistency when comparing international performance. A measurement system is desired that is precise and accurate, difficult to manipulate, significant and meaningful for safety program evaluation, and appropriate for accountability purposes in a global environment.1.2 Objectives of the occupational injury and illness measurement guide are as follows:1.2.1 Provide a uniform and objective framework for recording work-related injuries and illnesses,1.2.2 Facilitate use of injury and illness rates as a means of evaluating programs designed to control such injuries and illnesses, and1.2.3 Establish a basis for meaningful comparison of injury and illness rates across industries and countries.1.3 In this guide, definitions and procedures necessary to maintain work-related injury and illness records and incidence rates are covered.1.4 Key elements of this guide include work relationship, definition of injuries and illnesses, levels of severity of occupational incidents, accountability for contractor relationships, and specifications for injury and illness rate calculations.1.5 Units—The values stated in English (or Imperial) units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. This standard is not a substitute for any legally required injury and illness recordkeeping obligations.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

5.1 This guide provides best practices for reporting of maritime injuries and illnesses and those included in 46 CFR 4.03-1.5.2 Each maritime organization should record and report each marine casualty or accident in a manner that meets or exceeds regulations set forth by 46 CFR 4.03-1 and the Department of Homeland Security, USCG Report of Marine Casualty (CG-2692).5.2.1 46 CFR 4.03-1 Regulatory Text Definition for Marine Casualty or Accident: 5.2.1.1 Any casualty or accident involving any vessel other than a public vessel that:(1) Occurs upon the navigable waters of the United States, its territories, or possessions;(2) Involves any U.S. vessel wherever such casualty or accident occurs; or(3) With respect to a foreign tank vessel operating in waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, including the EEZ, involves significant harm to the environment or material damage affecting the seaworthiness or efficiency of the vessel; and(4) The term “marine casualty or accident” applies to events caused by or involving a vessel and includes, but is not limited to, the following:(a) Any fall overboard, injury, or loss of life of any person and(b) Any occurrence involving a vessel that results in grounding, stranding, foundering, flooding, collision, allision, explosion, fire, reduction or loss of a vessel’s electrical power, propulsion, or steering capabilities, failures, or occurrences, regardless of cause, that impair any aspect of a vessel’s operation, components, or cargo, any other circumstance that might affect or impair a vessel’s seaworthiness, efficiency, or fitness for service or route, or any incident involving significant harm to the environment.5.2.2 Marine Casualty or Accident—Some incidents defined as a “marine casualty or accident” per 46 CFR 4.03-1 will not meet the criteria in 46 CFR 4.05-1(a) requiring initial reporting and CG-2692 submissions to the USCG. However, owners, agents, masters, operators, or persons in charge need to consider whether notification to the USCG is still required under other regulations, including 33 CFR 160.216, for the reporting of a hazardous condition.5.2.3 46 CFR 4.05-1: Notice of Marine Casualty—Immediately after addressing the resultant safety concerns, the owner, agent, master, operator, or person in charge shall notify the nearest Sector Office or any USCG office whenever a vessel is involved in a marine casualty consisting of:5.2.3.1 An unintended grounding or an unintended strike of (allision with) a bridge;5.2.3.2 An intended grounding or an intended strike of a bridge that creates a hazard to navigation, the environment, or the safety of a vessel or that meets any criterion of 46 CFR 4.05-1 (a) (3)-(8);5.2.3.3 A loss of main propulsion, primary steering, or any associated component or control system that reduces the maneuverability of the vessel;5.2.3.4 An occurrence materially and adversely affecting the vessel’s seaworthiness or fitness for service or route including, but not limited to, fire, flooding, or failure of or damage to fixed fire-extinguishing systems, life-saving equipment, auxiliary power-generating equipment, or bilge pumping systems;5.2.3.5 A loss of life;5.2.3.6 An injury that requires professional medical treatment (treatment beyond first aid) and, if the person is engaged or employed on board a vessel in commercial service, that renders the individual unfit to perform his or her routine duties;5.2.3.7 An occurrence causing property damage in excess of 25 000, this damage including the cost of labor and material to restore the property to its condition before the occurrence, but not including the cost of salvage, cleaning, gas freeing, dry-docking, or demurrage; and5.2.3.8 An occurrence involving significant harm to the environment as defined in 46 CFR 4.03-65.5.2.4 As a best practice supplement to 46 CFR 4.05-1, each maritime organization should record and report each injury or illness that meets one or more of the following criteria:5.2.4.1 Medical treatment beyond first aid,5.2.4.2 Restricted work or transfer to another job,5.2.4.3 Days away from work,5.2.4.4 Loss of consciousness,5.2.4.5 Death, and5.2.4.6 A significant injury or illness diagnosed by a physician or other licensed health care professional.5.2.5 Each maritime organization should record and report all injuries requiring only first aid and incidents resulting in near misses (see this guide).5.2.6 The vessel owner, agent, master, operator, or person in charge shall complete the CG-2692 form as required by the USCG and are encouraged to record the supplemental fields included in this guide. This form should be completed as completely and accurately as possible with clear type or print. Fill in all blanks that apply to the kind of incident that occurred. If a question is not applicable, the abbreviation “NA” should be entered in that space. If an answer is unknown and cannot be obtained, the abbreviation “UNK” should be entered in that space. If “NONE” is the correct response, then enter it in that space.5.2.7 Once the form is completed and the incident meets the USCG reporting threshold outlined in 46 CFR 4.05, deliver, e-mail, or fax this form within five days of the casualty to the USCG Sector, Marine Safety Unit, or Activity nearest the location of the casualty or, if at sea, nearest arrival point.5.2.8 When a casualty meets the requirements of a serious marine incident as defined in 46 CFR 4.03, the owner, agent, master, operator, or person in charge is required to submit a CG-2692B in accordance with 46 CFR 4.06-60.5.2.9 Example best practice injury/illness recording/reporting fields that supplement the required CG-2692 are provided in Appendix X2. These fields also satisfy the best practices set forth in this guide and are intended to enhance the value of injury and illness recording/reporting through higher quality and consistency of the data. The intention is that higher quality and consistent data may lead to improved corrective action development, lessons learned discrimination, and industry benchmarking. Appendix X2 is not intended to replace the regulatory requirements of CG-2692, but it does contain some over lapping fields.1.1 This guide provides injury and illness reporting criteria and terminology for maritime vessels and meets or exceeds U.S. Coast Guard casualty reporting requirements.1.2 The focus of these injury and illness reporting criteria is to standardize recording and reporting, including terminology, for the maritime industry.1.3 The criteria contained within this guide should be applied as minimum criteria to all injury and illness recording and reporting in the maritime industry unless otherwise specified.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

5.1 Most heated apparatus in industrial, commercial, and residential service are insulated, unless thermal insulation interferes with their function; for example, it is inappropriate to insulate the bottom surface of a flatiron. However, surface temperatures of insulated equipment and appliances are potentially high enough to cause burns from contact exposure under certain conditions.5.2 This guide has been developed to standardize the determination of acceptable surface operating conditions for heated systems. Current practice for this determination is widely varied. The intent of this guide is to tie together the existing practices into a consensus standard based upon scientific understanding of the thermal physics involved. Flexibility is retained within this guide for the designer, regulator, or consumer to establish specific burn hazard criteria. Most generally, the regulated criterion will be the length of time of contact exposure.5.3 It is beyond the scope of this guide to establish appropriate contact times and acceptable levels of injury for particular situations, or determine what surface temperature is “safe.” Clearly, quite different criteria are justified for cases as diverse as those involving infants and domestic appliances, and experienced adults and industrial equipment. In the first case, no more than first degree burns in 60 s might be desirable. In the second case, second degree burns in 5 s might be acceptable.NOTE 2: An overview of the medical research leading to the development of this guide was presented at the ASTM Conference on Thermal Insulation, Materials and Systems on Dec. 7, 1984 (14).5.4 This guide is meant to serve only as an estimation of the exposure to which an average individual might be subjected. Unusual conditions of exposure, physical health variations, or nonstandard ambients all serve to modify the results.5.5 This guide is limited to contact exposure to heated surfaces only. It is noted that conditions of personal exposure to periods of high ambient temperature or high radiant fluxes potentially cause human injury with no direct contact.5.6 This guide is not intended to cover hazards for cold temperature exposure, that is, refrigeration or cryogenic applications.5.7 The procedure found in this guide has been described in the literature as applicable to all heated surfaces. For extremely high-temperature metallic surfaces (>70°C), damage occurs almost instantaneously upon contact.1.1 This guide covers a process for the determination of acceptable surface operating conditions for heated systems. The human burn hazard is defined, and methods are presented for use in the design or evaluation of heated systems to prevent serious injury from contact with the exposed surfaces.1.2 The maximum acceptable temperature for a particular surface is derived from an estimate of the possible or probable contact time, the surface system configuration, and the level of injury deemed acceptable for a particular situation.1.3 For design purposes, the probable contact time for industrial situations has been established at 5 s. For consumer products, a longer (60-s) contact time has been proposed by Wu (1)2 and others to reflect the slower reaction times for children, the elderly, or the infirm.1.4 The maximum level of injury recommended here is that causing first degree burns on the average subject. This type of injury is reversible and causes no permanent tissue damage. For cases where more severe conditions are mandated (by space, economic, exposure probability, or other outside considerations), this guide is used to establish a second, less desirable injury level (second degree burns), where some permanent tissue damage is permitted. At no time, however, are conditions that produce third degree burns recommended.1.5 This guide addresses the skin contact temperature determination for passive heated surfaces only. The guidelines contained herein are not applicable to chemical, electrical, or other similar hazards that provide a heat generation source at the location of contact.1.6 A bibliography of human burn evaluation studies and surface hazard measurement is provided in the list of references at the end of this guide (1-16).1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 345元 / 折扣价： 294 元 加购物车

定价： 605元 / 折扣价： 515 元 加购物车

定价： 260元 / 折扣价： 221 元 加购物车

定价： 260元 / 折扣价： 221 元 加购物车

定价： 0元 加购物车

The purpose of this guide is to provide a uniform procedure under which the amusement ride and device industry can organize data related to injuries and illnesses. This classification system may be used to formulate statistical information within the categories provided and will facilitate the analysis of injury and illness incidents. The classification system may assist owner/operators and manufacturers to review incidents directly related to their amusement rides and devices, and may provide information for alternatives to reduce or eliminate similar occurrences.1.1 This guide provides a uniform procedure that should be used when classifying patron injury and illness data related to amusement rides and devices.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元

定价： 90元

定价： 144元

定价： 115元