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This specification covers perlite, vermiculite, natural and manufactured sand for use as gypsum plaster aggregates. The materials shall conform to the chemical composition, grading, and density requirements covered in this specification. The materials shall be tested for sieve analysis, density of lightweight aggregate, and water soluble impurities of sand.1.1 This specification covers perlite, vermiculite, natural and manufactured sand for use as gypsum plaster aggregates.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 Most coating specifications specify the thickness of the coating because coating thickness is often an important factor in the performance of the coating in service.3.2 The methods included in this guide are suitable for acceptance testing and are to be found in ASTM standards.3.3 Each method has its own limitations with respect to the kind of coating and its thickness.1.1 This guide covers the methods for measuring the thickness of many metallic and inorganic coatings including electrodeposited, mechanically deposited, vacuum deposited, anodic oxide, and chemical conversion coatings.1.2 This guide is limited to tests considered in ASTM standards and does not cover certain tests that are employed for special applications.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

5.1 Sulfates and chlorides may be found in filter plugging deposits and fuel injector deposits. The acceptability for use of the fuel components and the finished fuels depends on the sulfate and chloride content.5.2 Existent and potential inorganic sulfate and total chloride content, as measured by this test method, can be used as one measure of the acceptability of gasoline components for automotive spark-ignition engine fuel use.1.1 This test method covers an ion chromatographic procedure for the determination of the existent inorganic and potential sulfate and total inorganic chloride content in hydrous and anhydrous denatured ethanol to be used in motor fuel applications. It is intended for the analysis of ethanol samples containing between 0.55 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg of existent inorganic sulfate, 4.0 mg/kg to 20 mg/kg of potential inorganic sulfate, and 0.75 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg of total inorganic chloride.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 515元 加购物车

4.1 Sampling inspection permits the estimation of the overall quality of a group of product articles through the inspection of a relatively small number of product items drawn from the group. 4.2 The selection of a sampling plan provides purchasers and sellers a means of identifying the minimum quality levels that are considered to be satisfactory. 4.3 Because sampling plans will only yield estimates of the quality of a product, the results of the inspection are subject to error. Through the use of sampling plans, the risk of error is known and controlled. 1.1 This guide gives sampling plans that are intended for use in the inspection of metallic and inorganic coatings for conformance to ASTM standard specifications. 1.2 The plans in this guide, except as noted, have been selected from some of the single sampling plans of MIL-STD-105D. The specific plans selected are identified in Tables 1-3 of this guide. The plan of Table 4, which is used for destructive testing, is not from the Military Standard. This standard does not contain the Military Standard's requirement for tightened inspection when the quality history of a supplier is unsatisfactory. 1.3 The plans are based on inspection by attributes, that is, an article of product is inspected and is classified as either conforming to a requirement placed on it, or as nonconforming. Sampling plans based on inspection by variables are given in Guide B762. Variables plans are applicable when a test yields a numerical value for a characteristic, when the specification imposes a numerical limit on the characteristic, and when certain statistical criteria are met. These are explained in Guide B762. 1.4 The plans in this guide are intended to be generally suitable. There may be instances in which tighter or looser plans or ones that are more discriminating are desired. Additional plans that may serve these needs are given in Guide B697. Also, Guide B697 describes the nature of attribute sampling plans and the several factors that must be considered in the selection of a sampling plan. More information and an even greater selection of plans are given in MIL-STD-105D, MIL-STD-414, ANSI/ASQC Z1.9-1979, Refs (1-7)2, and in Guide B697. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

5.1 Sampling inspection permits the estimation of the overall quality of a group of product articles through the inspection of a relatively small number of product articles drawn from the group.5.2 The specification of a sampling plan provides purchasers and sellers a means of identifying the minimum quality level that is considered to be satisfactory.5.3 Because sampling plans yield estimates of the quality of a product, the results of the inspection are subject to error. Through the selection of a sampling plan, the potential error is known and controlled.5.4 Sampling inspection is used when a decision must be made about what to do with a quantity of articles. This quantity may be a shipment from a supplier, articles that are ready for a subsequent manufacturing operation, or articles ready for shipment to a customer.5.5 In sampling inspection, a relatively small number of articles (the sample) is selected randomly from a larger number of articles (the inspection lot); the sample is inspected for conformance to the requirements placed on the articles. Based on the results, a decision is made whether or not the lot conforms to the requirements.5.6 Since only a portion of a production lot is inspected, the quality of the uninspected articles is not known. The possibility exists that some of the uninspected articles are nonconforming. Therefore, basic to any sampling inspection plan is the willingness of the buyer to accept lots that contain some nonconforming articles. The number of nonconforming articles in accepted lots is controlled by the size of the sample and the criteria of acceptance that are placed on the sample.5.7 Acceptance sampling plans are used for the following reasons:5.7.1 When the cost of inspection is high and the consequences of accepting a nonconforming article are not serious.5.7.2 When 100 % inspection is fatiguing and boring and, therefore, likely to result in errors.5.7.3 When inspection requires a destructive test, sampling inspection must be used.5.8 In acceptance sampling by variables, the coating characteristic of each article in the sample is measured. Using the arithmetic mean of these values, the standard deviation of the process, and the factor k that is found in the Tables, a number is calculated (see 9.3). If this number equals or exceeds the specified minimum, the inspection lot conforms to the requirements. If it is less, the lot does not conform. If the standard deviation of the process is not known, the standard deviation of the sample is calculated and used.5.9 The use of a sampling plan involves the balancing of the costs of inspection against the consequences of accepting an undesirable number of nonconforming articles. There is always a risk that a random sample will not describe correctly the characteristics of the lot from which it is drawn, and that an unacceptable lot will be accepted or an acceptable lot will be rejected. The larger the sample, the smaller this risk but the larger the cost of inspection.5.10 To understand the risks, consider that if every article in an inspection lot conforms to its requirements, every article in the sample will conform also. Such lots will be accepted (Note 1). If only a few articles in an inspection lot are nonconforming, the sample probably will indicate that the lot is acceptable; but there is a small probability that the sample will indicate that the lot is unacceptable. The larger the proportion of nonconforming articles in an inspection lot, the more likely it will be that the sample will indicate that the lot is unacceptable. If every article in an inspection lot is nonconforming, a sample will always indicate that the lot is unacceptable.NOTE 1: Throughout this method, it is assumed that no mistakes are made in sampling, measurement, and calculation.5.11 The probability of accepting an inspection lot that contains nonconforming items is often described in terms of the Acceptable Quality Level (AQL) and the Limiting Quality Level (LQL). The AQL is the quality level that is considered to be acceptable. The LQL is a quality level that is considered to be barely tolerable. A sampling plan is selected that has a high probability of accepting lots of AQL quality and of rejecting lots of LQL quality. In this method, the AQL given for a sampling plan is the quality level of lots (expressed as the percentage of nonconforming articles) that have a 95 % probability of being accepted. The LQL is the quality level of lots that have a 10 % probability of being accepted or, in other words, a 90 % probability of being rejected. The tables in this method give the AQL and LQL of each plan. They also give the 50/50 point, the quality level of a lot that is just as likely to be accepted as rejected.5.12 The disposition of nonconforming inspection lots is beyond the scope of this method because, depending on the circumstances, lots may be returned to the supplier, kept and used, put to a different use, scrapped, reworked, or dealt with in some other way. An alternative is rectifying inspection in which rejected lots are screened and used.5.13 In rectifying inspection, when an inspection lot is rejected, all of the articles in the lot are inspected and nonconforming ones are removed. They may be replaced with conforming articles. The now 100 % conforming lot is accepted. With this practice, the average quality level for a series of lots taken as a whole will be better because of the addition of the 100 % conforming lots. When the incoming lots are of a good quality level, the average quality level of a series of lots will be even better when the rejected lots are screened and resubmitted. When incoming lots are of a poor quality level, the average quality of a series of accepted lots will again be good because many of the incoming lots will be rejected and upgraded. At intermediate quality levels of incoming lots, the average quality level of a series of accepted lots will again be improved, but it will not be improved as much as in either of the above cases; and there will be an intermediate quality level where the degree of improvement is the least. This improved quality level is called the Average Outgoing Quality Limit (AOQL). It is the worst condition that can occur under rectifying inspection. The tables give the AOQL for each plan. There is no AOQL for the plans used with destructive tests because destructive tests cannot be used to screen rejected lots.NOTE 2: The AOQLs given in the tables are strictly correct only when the sample is small with respect to the lot. If this is not the case, the correct AOQL will be smaller than the tabulated value. The correct values are obtained by multiplying the tabulated values by the following equation:5.14 Rectifying inspection will substantially increase the cost of inspection if the incoming lots are much worse than AQL quality.5.15 Rectifying inspection is used only when required by the purchaser.1.1 This guide provides sampling plans that are intended for use in the inspection of metallic and inorganic coatings on products for the purpose of deciding whether submitted lots of coated products comply with the specifications applicable to the coating.1.2 The sampling plans are variables plans. In plans of this type, several articles of product are drawn from a production lot. A characteristic of the coating on the drawn articles is measured. The values obtained are used to estimate the number of articles in the lot that do not conform to a numerical limit, for example a minimum thickness. The number is compared to a maximum allowable.1.3 Variables plans can only be used when the characteristic of interest is measurable, the test method gives a numerical measure of the characteristic, and the specification places a numerical limit on the measured value. It is also necessary that the variation of the characteristic from article to article in a production lot be normally distributed (see Appendix X2). Each article must be tested in the same way (for example, coating thickness must be measured at the same location, see X2.7) so that the values from article to article are comparable. If one or more of these conditions are not met, a variables plan cannot be used. Instead, an attributes plan must be used. These are given in Guide B602 and Guide B697.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 571元 加购物车

5.1 The chemical analysis of biological material, collected from such locations as streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans can provide information of environmental significance. The chemical analysis of biological material used in toxicity tests may be useful to better interpret the toxicological results.5.2 Many aquatic biological samples, either as a result of their size, or their method of collection, are inherently heterogeneous in that they may contain occluded water in varying and unpredictable amounts and may contain foreign objects or material (for example, sediment) not ordinarily intended for analysis, the inclusion of which would result in inaccurate analysis.5.3 Standard methods for separating foreign objects, to facilitate homogenization, will minimize errors due to poor mixing and inclusion of extraneous material.5.4 Standardized procedures for drying provide a means for reporting analytical values to a common dry weight basis, if desired. Analyses may also be carried out or reported on a wet weight basis.1.1 This guide describes procedures for the preparation of test samples collected from such locations as streams, rivers, ponds, lakes, estuaries, oceans, and toxicity tests and is applicable to such organisms as plankton, mollusks, fish, and plants.1.2 The procedures are applicable to the determination of volatile, semivolatile, and nonvolatile inorganic constituents of biological materials. Analyses may be carried out or reported on either a dry or wet basis.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 9.3.3.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

4.1 The distribution coefficient, Kd, is an experimentally determined ratio quantifying the distribution of a chemical species between a given fluid and solid material sample under certain conditions, including the attainment of constant aqueous concentrations of the species of interest. The Kd concept is used in mass transport modeling, for example, to assess the degree to which the movement of a species will be delayed by interactions with the local geomedium as the solution migrates through the geosphere under a given set of underground geochemical conditions (pH, temperature, ionic strength, etc.). The retardation factor (Rf) is the ratio of the velocity of the groundwater divided by the velocity of the contaminant, which can be expressed as: where: ρb   =   bulk density of the porous medium (mass/length3), and ηe   =   effective porosity of the medium (unitless) expressed as a decimal. 4.2 Because of the sensitivity of Kd to site specific conditions and materials, the use of literature derived Kd values is strongly discouraged. For applications other than transport modeling, batch Kd measurements also may be used, for example, for parametric studies of the effects of changing chemical conditions and of mechanisms related to the interactions of fluids with solid material. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of distribution coefficients, Kd, of chemical species to quantify uptake onto solid materials by a batch sorption technique. It is a laboratory method primarily intended to assess sorption of dissolved ionic species subject to migration through pores and interstices of site specific geomedia, or other solid material. It may also be applied to other materials such as manufactured adsorption media and construction materials. Application of the results to long-term field behavior is not addressed in this method. Kd for radionuclides in selected geomedia or other solid materials are commonly determined for the purpose of assessing potential migratory behavior of contaminants in the subsurface of contaminated sites and out of a waste form and in the surface of waste disposal facilities. This test method is also applicable to studies for parametric studies of the variables and mechanisms which contribute to the measured Kd. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

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