4.1 Abrasive media may contain ionic contamination naturally (for example, beach sand), from manufacturing (quenching with contaminated water), transportation, storage or use (in the case of abrasive that is reused). Ionic contamination on the abrasive may transfer to the surface during abrasive blast cleaning, resulting in potential osmotic blistering, accelerated underfilm corrosion and premature coating failure.4.2 This test method describes a shop/field procedure for assessing the level of conductive species on an abrasive.4.3 Abrasive standards published by SSPC (AB) and ISO 11126 provide tolerance levels for water soluble contaminants of the abrasive.1.1 This test method describes a procedure for assessing blast cleaning abrasives for the presence of conductive-potential, ionic contaminants by determining the total concentration of water soluble conductive species using a conductivity test.1.2 This test method does not identify the ionic species present nor provide quantitative results on each species.1.3 This test method is based on a volume comparison among abrasives of similar sizes. A volume comparison is more closely related to surface area of the abrasives than is a weight comparison.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Corrosion products, in the form of particulate and dissolved metals, in the steam and water circuits of electricity generating plants are of great concern to power plant operators. Aside from indicating the extent of corrosion occurring in the plant, the presence of corrosion products has deleterious effects on plant integrity and efficiency. Deposited corrosion products provide sites at which chemicals, which are innocuous at low levels, may concentrate to corrosive levels and initiate under-deposit corrosion. Also, corrosion products in feedwater enter the steam generating components where deposition on heat transfer surfaces reduces the overall efficiency of the plant.5.2 Most plants perform some type of corrosion product monitoring. The most common method is to sample for long time periods, up to several days, after which laboratory analysis of the collected sample gives the average corrosion product level over the collection time period. This methodology is referred to as integrated sampling. With the more frequent measurements in the on-line monitor, a time profile of corrosion product transport is obtained. Transient high corrosion product levels can be detected and measured, which cannot be accomplished with integrated sampling techniques. With this newly available data, plant operators may begin to correlate periods of high corrosion product levels with controllable plant operating events. In this way, operators may make more informed operational decisions with respect to corrosion product generation and transport.1.1 This test method covers the operation, calibration, and data interpretation for an on-line corrosion product (metals) monitoring system. The monitoring system is based on x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis of metals contained on membrane filters (for suspended solids) or resin membranes (for ionic solids). Since the XRF detector is sensitive to a range of emission energy, this test method is applicable to simultaneous monitoring of the concentration levels of several metals including titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, mercury, lead, and others in a flowing sample. A detection limit below 1 ppb can be achieved for most metals.1.2 This test method includes a description of the equipment comprising the on-line metals monitoring system, as well as, operational procedures and system specifications.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The purpose of this test method is to define a procedure for testing electropolished stainless steel components being considered for installation into a high-purity gas distribution system. Application of this test method is expected to yield comparable data among components tested for the purposes of qualification for this installation.FIG. 1 Ionic/Organic Contribution Data Table IllustrationFIG. 2 Ionic/Organic Contribution Data Table Illustration1.1 This test method establishes a procedure for testing components used in ultra-high-purity gas distribution systems for ionic and organic surface residues.1.2 This test method applies to in-line components containing electronics grade materials in the gaseous form.1.3 Limitations: 1.3.1 This test method is limited by the sensitivity of the detection instruments and by the available levels of purity in extracting solvents. While the ion and gas chromatographic methods are quantitative, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) method can be used as either a qualitative or a quantitative tool. In addition, the gas chromatography (GC) and FTIR methods are used to detect hydrocarbons and halogenated substances that remain as residues on component internal surfaces. This eliminates those materials with high vapor pressures, which are analyzed per the total hydrocarbons test, from this test method.1.3.2 This test method is intended for use by operators who understand the use of the apparatus at a level equivalent to twelve months of experience.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standards. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 6.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The transport of any suspended solids or corrosion products from the preboiler cycle has been shown to be detrimental to all types of steam generating equipment. Corrosion product transport as low as 10 ppb can have significant impact on steam generators performance.5.2 Deposited corrosion products on pressurized water reactor (PWR) steam generator tubes can reduce heat transfer, and, if the deposit is sufficiently thick, can provide a local area for impurities in the bulk water to concentrate, resulting in a corrosive environment. In boiling water reactor (BWR) plants, the transport of corrosion products can cause fuel failure, out of core radiation problems from activation reactions, and other material related problems.5.3 In fossil plants, the transport of corrosion products can reduce heat transfer in the boilers leading to tube failures from overheating. The removal of these corrosion products by chemical cleaning is expensive and potentially harmful to the boiler tubes.5.4 Normally, grab samples are not sensitive enough to detect changes in the level of corrosion product transport. Also, system transients may be missed by only taking grab samples. An integrated sample over time will increase the sensitivity for detecting the corrosion products and provide a better understanding of the total corrosion product transport to steam generators.1.1 This practice is applicable for sampling condensed steam or water, such as boiler feedwater, for the collection of suspended solids and (optional) ionic solids using a 0.45-μm membrane filter (suspended solids) and ion exchange media (ionic solids). As the major suspended component found in most boiler feedwaters is some form of corrosion product from the preboiler system, the device used for this practice is commonly called a corrosion product sampler.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Ion chromatography provides for both qualitative and quantitative determination of common anions, F −, NO2−, hydrogen phosphate ion (HPO4–2), Br −, NO3–, and SO4–2, in the milligram per litre range from a single analytical operation requiring only a few millilitres of sample for analysis.5.2 Anion combinations such as chloride/bromide (Cl − /Br −) and nitrite/nitrate (NO2− /NO3–), which may be difficult to distinguish by other analytical methods, are readily separated by ion chromatography.1.1 This test method covers the simultaneous determination of fluoride (F −), nitrite-N (NO2-N), ortho-phosphate-P (o-PO4-P), bromide (Br −), nitrate-N (NO3-N), and sulfate (SO4-2) ions in high saline water (up to 20 % sodium chloride (NaCl)) by suppressed ion chromatography and tandem ultra-violet (UV) detection.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 Exception—The inch-pound and SI units shown for pressure measurements are to be individually regarded as standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The ER of a battery separator is a standard measurement used by separator and battery manufacturers for quality control purposes and separator selection.5.2 Separator ER and the separator's interaction with the electrolyte, that is resistance to wetting or flow, will contribute to the internal resistance of the battery and this has the potential to limit the electrical output of a battery. The ER determination is a tool for battery manufacturers to use in design, material selection, and performance specifications.5.3 The change in the bath electrical resistance imparted by a separator is affected by the porosity, thickness, and tortuousity of the pore structure of the separator, the wettability of the separator to the electrolyte, and the temperature and concentration of the electrolyte.5.4 Incomplete wetting or saturation of the pore structure limits the lowest ER value obtainable from a separator structure. Separators are pretreated to assure that the specimen being tested has been adequately wetted out. A separator that is not fully wetted out (saturated) will give a higher ER.5.5 This test method is intended to give a rapid and repeatable measurement that approximates the change in ER that could happen when the separator is used in a battery.1.1 This test method covers the pretreatment, test conditions, apparatus, and procedure to determine the ionic resistivity, commonly referred to in the battery industry as electrical resistance (ER) of an alkaline battery separator immersed in an electrolyte of 40 % potassium hydroxide (KOH).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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