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3.1 This test method is designed to measure the apparent torsional modulus3 of a leather specimen. Experience has shown that the torsion modulus of leather is directly related to the characteristic known as stiffness when felt in a glove.41.1 This test method describes the use of a torsional apparatus for measuring the relative stiffness of gloving leathers. This test method does not apply to wet blue.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values shown in parentheses are provided for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

6.1 A substantial difficulty in using leather in applications requiring very long service lives is estimating how well a particular leather will actually hold up in service. Such applications may include use in musical instruments such as pipe organs, bookbinding leathers, etc. Use of leather in pipe organs in the past (prior to approximately 1930) demonstrated service lives frequently over 100 years, and the consequences of short service lives can result in extremely costly repairs. Many post-1930 leathers have had short service lives (as little as 15 years) due to the use of various more modern tannages and processing methods. Identifying exactly what tannage and processing was used in a particular leather and how successful this tanning and processing was can be very difficult. Failure of bookbinding and upholstery leathers formed the impetus for extensive work by leather chemists in the 1940s to identify tests that could be used to verify the durability of leather samples. Early studies by Cheshire3 and Frey & Beebe4 resulted in tests relating the rate of deterioration of leathers having known durabilities from long-term storage of samples, to the deterioration experienced by laboratory exposure of specimens to known contents of acid gases in air or oxygen. They were considered to be applicable to leathers having a wide range of tannages and processing. Later work published by Piltingsrud & Tancous5 described their modifications to those tests. Further work directed towards verifying the durability of leathers used in pipe organs resulted in the practice described in this document. The appropriateness of its use for any given leather samples must be determined by the leather chemists utilizing the practice. This practice may not be applicable for leathers having unusual tannages or treatments. Estimates of service lives made using this practice are speculative, as it would take many decades of natural aging to verify the results (see comments in Section 11).1.1 This practice is based on studies relating the rate of deterioration of leathers having known durabilities from long-term storage of samples, to the deterioration experienced by laboratory exposure of specimens to known contents of acid gases in air or oxygen. This is accomplished by measuring the deterioration (reduction in tensile strength) of leather specimens when they are subjected to exposure to a mixture of air, moisture and sulfur dioxide at a given temperature and pressure and for a given exposure time. The loss of tensile strength of the specimens resulting from this exposure is compared to that experienced by a variety of leathers having various tannages and having historically long and short service lifetimes. The initial tensile strength and the degree of loss of tensile strength is related to what service life can be anticipated from a given leather.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 The nitrogen content as determined by this test method is normally considered to be related to the amount of hide substance (protein fiber) present in the leather sample. A factor of 5.62 is normally used to calculate the hide substance from the nitrogen content.4.1.1 The 5.62 factor represents the average result of many analyses of animal hides, but it cannot be considered to be accurate since it varies somewhat from hide to hide of the same type, from type of hide to type of hide, and also with the thickness of hide retained in the final leather (split thickness as compared to original hide thickness). As a result of these variations, the true factor for any given leather may be expected to vary from 5.44 to 5.80 or about ±3 %.34.2 A given leather sample may contain nitrogenous substances other than hide substance (protein fiber) which will be analyzed for by this test method, such as resins, dyestuffs, etc., that contain nitrogen. Therefore, although this test method is fairly accurate for determining the nitrogen content of leather, its use for determining hide substance may result in large errors.4.3 The hide substance value derived from this determination has a large bearing on other chemical determinations of a given leather. Any errors, such as those described in 4.1.1 and 4.2, will be carried over into these other analytical calculations.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the nitrogen content of all types of leather, wet blue and wet white. The nitrogen content is used to calculate the hide substance (protein fiber) content of leather, wet blue and wet white.NOTE 1: The original test method for leather was essentially a composite of Method 6441 of Federal Test Method Standard No. 311 and Method B5 of the American Leather Chemists Association.NOTE 2: Melamine, if present in bonded leather, could give an artificially high value for the calculation of protein fiber.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method gives the amount of ash remaining in the specimen after water extraction to remove water solubles from the leather in accordance with Test Method D2876. The insoluble ash is used in calculating the combined tannin because it is part of the tanned fiber structure that does not leach from the leather during water extraction.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the insoluble ash in all types of vegetable-tanned leathers. This test method does not apply to wet blue.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 The test method is useful for determining the water-soluble materials in vegetable-tanned leathers.4.2 The water-soluble matter includes the soluble nontanning components of the tanning materials used, sugars and materials of a similar nature, and inorganic compounds such as Epsom salts, Glauber's salts, borax, and other soluble salts added during curing and tannery processing.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the water-soluble materials in all types of vegetable-tanned leathers. This test method does not apply to wet blue.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 Bleed resistance is considered to be an important characteristic in leather used to make lined and unlined items that may come in contact with water.1.1 This test method2 covers the determination of whether leather bleeds (exudes coloring matter) when in intimate contact with wet surfaces, as indicated by staining produced on wet cloth in contact with the leather. This test method does not apply to wet blue.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

3.1 The procedure is primarily intended to evaluate the ability of a leather specimen to withstand fixed, and rather strenuous, laundering conditions. This test method is not intended as a recommended washing procedure, neither household nor commercial. The resulting area stability is determined.1.1 This test method2 covers the determination of launderability of dyed leathers with or without a pigment finish. This test method does not apply to wet blue.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

3.1 This test method may be used to measure the effectiveness of water resistant treatments of light leathers such as glove and garment leather that have no finish. It can also be used to measure the water absorption capacity of insole materials thus providing a gauge for predicting foot comfort or discomfort.1.1 This test method covers determining the degree of wettability of a leather surface. This test method does not apply to wet blue.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

1.1 This test method is intended for use on finished upper leather, for shoes or similar end use, or the leather article, such as a shoe or handbag, to measure flexibility and adhesion of finish on the leather.1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

3.1 This test method is used to determine amount of soluble chlorides in leather.1.1 This test method is intended for use in determining total chlorides in mineral tanned leather.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

3.1 This test method is used to determine the percent of total chromic oxide that is combined with hydroxyl and may serve as a measure of chrome fixation.1.1 This test method is intended for use in calculating the sulfate basicity of mineral tanned leather.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

3.1 These test methods are used to determine the basicity of leather when used in accordance with Test Method D4654.1.1 These test methods are intended for use in determining the total, neutral, and combined acid sulfate in mineral-tanned leather.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 The procedure is intended, primarily to evaluate the ability of a leather specimen to withstand fixed, and rather strenuous, laundering conditions. This test is not intended as a recommended washing procedure, neither household nor commercial. Although this test concerns itself with colorfastness and transfer of color during washing, the washed leather specimens are available also for comparing other properties (that is, tensile strength, area change, change in outline, etc.) with those of unwashed samples.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the colorfastness of colored leathers, with or without a surface coating. The leathers to be tested are of the type normally expected to withstand frequent laundering. This test method also covers the simultaneous staining of adjacent textile materials when the leather specimens are washed. This test method does not apply to wet blue. Two procedures are covered depending on the apparatus used:1.1.1 Procedure A, using the Launder-Ometer,2 and1.1.2 Procedure B, using an alternative washing machine.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are provided for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method simulates the flexing received by upholstery leather in service, and correlation with service is believed to be good. Both the resistance of the finish to cracking and adhesion of the finish to the leather can be evaluated.4.2 The flexing action received by the leather in this method is more severe than that given by methods for shoe upper leather. The less severe tests have little utility in the evaluation of upholstery leather finishes.4.3 This test method is suitable, and has been useful, in research, development, and manufacturing control. It is used as a method of test for specification acceptance. Since this is a subjective test, proper correlation should be established by interlaboratory experience prior to use for specification acceptance.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flexibility and adhesion of a finish on upholstery leather.2 This test method does not apply to wet blue.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车