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1.1 The purpose of this guide is to (1) define good commercial and customary practice in the United States of America for conducting a baseline limited asbestos screen (hereinafter, LAS) to evaluate the presence of asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) in major building systems within the interior of buildings involved in commercial real estate transactions, including, but not limited to, acquisitions, sales, leasing and financing; (2) facilitate consistency in the industry as to the scope and reports associated with an LAS; ( 3) establish reasonable expectations and an industry baseline standard of care for an LAS; and (4) recommend protocols for providers in communicating observations, opinions and recommendations in a manner meaningful to the user.1.2 Other Purpose LimitationsWhile an LAS is intended to reduce the risk of the presence of ACM within a building, it is not designed to eliminate that risk. The LAS presented in this guide is not intended to serve as a comprehensive asbestos building survey, comprehensive inspection or comprehensive assessment for the presence of ACM in all or most of the building systems throughout a building, nor does an LAS serve to adequately assess the presence of ACM in a building or portions thereof for pre-demolition, pre-renovation or OSHA notification purposes. For such services, a comprehensive asbestos building survey should be performed that meets applicable state and local regulations. In light of the foregoing purposes, this guide primarily offers scope and insight into the limited nature of asbestos screens driven by the commercial real estate market. It is recognized, however, that the asbestos industry utilizes procedures for sample collection, friability evaluation and analyses based upon such rules and regulations as AHERA, OSHA, and various state regulations. This guides use of terms defined by such regulations (e.g., friability, damage assessment, suspect materials) in no way implies that the scope of this guide is designed to meet all other mandates of those regulations.1.3 Considerations Beyond This The use of this guide is strictly limited to the scope set forth in this section. The scope of this guide does not include safety considerations, certification or licensure of inspectors other than requiring that work be performed in a safe manner and that inspectors be properly credentialed, as described in . The LAS set forth in this guide is not intended to eliminate the risk potential of ACM within the building, nor should it be interpreted as a comprehensive building asbestos survey, comprehensive inspection or comprehensive assessment for the presence of ACM in all or most of the building systems throughout a building, nor does this LAS serve to adequately assess the presence of ACM in a building or portions thereof for pre-demolition or pre-renovation purposes. Assessment of roofing materials and exterior materials (such as siding/stucco), conveying systems (such as escalators and elevators), energized systems (e.g., charged electrical systems, hydraulic and pneumatic pressure systems), or private single-family residences are specifically excluded from this guide. Such exclusions are addressed in comprehensive building asbestos surveys, or users may request the addition of the foregoing exclusions as Additional Services (see Section ). 1.4 Organization of the GuideThis guide has 12 sections. Section defines the . Section is Referenced Documents. Section is Terminology. Section defines the Significance and Use of this guide. Section describes User Responsibilities. Section sets forth the components of an LAS under this guide. Section describes the Interview and Report Review process. Section describes the scope of the building walk-through. Section provide Analytical Guidelines. Section describes LAS report contents. Section identifies Non- Considerations. Section lists keywords for Internet reference. 1.5 Uncertainty Is Not EliminatedA LAS is not designed to wholly eliminate uncertainty regarding the potential for the existence of asbestos-containing materials within the building systems of a building. Conformance with this guide is intended to reduce, but not eliminate, uncertainty regarding the potential for asbestos in major building systems within buildings. Although such uncertainty is generally reduced in proportion to an increased number of sampling locations and increased number of samples collected, this guide does not purport to be comprehensive or fully evaluate a building for the presence of asbestos-containing materials.This guide offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations and should be supplemented by education, experience and professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard guide does not necessarily represent the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged nor should this document be applied without consideration of a projects unique aspects. The word "standard" in the title means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

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4.1 Uses—This practice sets forth a procedure for conducting limited environmental due diligence. This practice is intended for use on a voluntary basis by parties who wish to assess the environmental condition of a subject property where a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment is, initially, deemed to be unnecessary by the user and the parties do not seek CERCLA LLPs. This practice is intended primarily as a commercially prudent or reasonable approach to conducting an inquiry designed to identify potential environmental concerns in connection with a subject property. 4.2 Clarifications on Use:  4.2.1 Use Not Intended for CERCLA Liability Protection—This document is not intended to permit a user to satisfy CERCLA LLPs, that is, the practices that constitute all appropriate inquiries into the previous ownership and uses of the subject property consistent with “generally accepted good commercial and customary standards and practices” as defined in 42 U.S.C. §9601(35)(B). 4.2.2 Transaction Screen Does Not Identify Recognized Environmental Conditions—This practice does not define a scope of assessment sufficient to identify recognized environmental conditions as defined in Practice E1527 and Practice E2247. 4.2.3 Residential Tenants/Purchasers and Others—Although this practice is not intended for residential purposes, it may be used at the user’s discretion for residential tenants of multifamily residential buildings, tenants of single-family homes or other residential real estate, or purchasers of dwellings for residential use to conduct a transaction screen in connection with these transactions. 4.2.4 Site-Specific—This practice is site-specific in that it relates to assessment of environmental conditions at a subject property. Consequently, this practice does not address many additional issues raised in transactions such as purchases of business entities, or interests therein, or of their assets, that may well involve environmental liabilities pertaining to properties previously owned or operated or other off-site environmental liabilities. 4.3 Who May Conduct—The transaction screen process may be conducted by the user, or some other person, including environmental consultants, lenders, brokers, appraisers, corporations, lawyers, government agencies (civilian and military), or any other party looking to screen environmental property risk. The transaction screen process can be performed by but does not require the judgment of an environmental professional. If an environmental professional is contracted to prepare a transaction screen questionnaire, nothing in this practice requires the professional to develop opinions and conclusions. Some government programs permit use of this practice when combined with an additional requirement for professional opinions or conclusions or both. Nothing in this practice precludes a user from contracting with any person identified herein for mutually agreed upon additional services. 4.4 Inquiry Beyond the Transaction Screen Process—If further inquiry is needed after performance of the transaction screen process, the user should determine, in the exercise of the user’s reasonable business judgment, whether further inquiry may be limited to those specific issues identified as of concern or should proceed to further inquiry (see 5.9). 4.5 No transaction screen can wholly eliminate uncertainty regarding potential environmental concerns in connection with a subject property. 4.5.1 Not every property will warrant the use of a limited environmental assessment such as the transaction screen. The appropriate use of the transaction screen will be guided by the type of property subject to assessment, the expertise and risk tolerance of the user , and the information developed in the course of the inquiry. 4.5.2 Transaction screens must be evaluated based on the reasonableness of judgments made at the time and under the circumstances in which they were made. Subsequent environmental site assessments or transaction screens should not be considered valid standards to judge the appropriateness of any prior assessment based on hindsight, new information, use of developing technology or analytical techniques, or other factors. 4.6 Continued Viability of Transaction Screen—A transaction screen meeting or exceeding this practice and completed more than 180 days previously may be used to the extent allowed by 4.6.1 and 4.6.2. 4.6.1 Subject to 4.6.2, a prior transaction screen or other due diligence may be used in its entirety or as an information source if, in the reasonable judgment of the user, the prior transaction screen or other due diligence meets or exceeds the requirements of this practice and the conditions at the subject property likely to affect potential environmental concerns in connection with the subject property are not likely to have changed materially since the last transaction screen or other due diligence was conducted. In making this judgment, the user should consider the type of property assessed and the conditions in the area surrounding the subject property. Note 2: Some government programs and some lenders allow the use of a transaction screen completed within the prior 12 months. 4.6.2 If the user, or any other preparer conducting a transaction screen has actual knowledge that the information being used from a prior transaction screen is no longer accurate or if it is obvious, based on other information obtained by means of the transaction screen or known to the person conducting the transaction screen, that the information being used is not accurate at the time of the current transaction screen, such information from a prior transaction screen may not be used. 4.7 The contractual and legal obligations between a preparer and a user (and other parties, if any) are beyond the scope of this practice. 4.7.1 The contractual and legal obligations between prior and subsequent users of transaction screens or between those who conducted prior transaction screens and those who would like to use such prior transaction screens are beyond the scope of this practice. 4.8 If the user is aware of any specialized knowledge or experience that is material to potential environmental concerns in connection with the subject property, and the preparer is not the user, it is the user’s responsibility to communicate any information based on such specialized knowledge or experience to the preparer. The user should do so before the preparer conducts the site visit. 1.1 Purpose—The purpose of this practice is to define a good practice in the United States of America for conducting a transaction screen2 for a subject property where the user wishes to conduct limited environmental due diligence (that is, less than a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment). If the driving force behind the environmental due diligence is a desire to qualify for one of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) Landowner Liability Protections (LLPs), this practice should not be applied. Instead, the ASTM E1527: Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process or ASTM E2247: Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process for Forestland or Rural Property may be used. 1.1.1 This practice will not satisfy the requirement to conduct all appropriate inquiries into the previous ownership and uses of the subject property consistent with “generally accepted good commercial and customary standards and practices” as defined in 42 U.S.C. §9601(35)(B) to qualify for one of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) Landowner Liability Protections (LLPs). Users who desire to conduct environmental due diligence to qualify for one of the CERCLA LLPs should conduct assessment activities in conformity with “Standards and Practices for All Appropriate Inquiries,” 40 C.F.R. Part 312; ASTM E1527: Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process or ASTM E2247: Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process for Forestland or Rural Property. 1.2 An evaluation of business environmental risk associated with a parcel of commercial real estate may necessitate investigation beyond that identified in this practice. See Sections 1.4 and 9. 1.2.1 Potential Environmental Concerns—The goal of conducting a transaction screen is to identify potential environmental concerns as defined in 3.2.36. 1.2.2 Other Federal, State, and Local Environmental Laws—This practice does not address requirements of any state or local laws or of any federal laws. Users are cautioned that federal, state, and local laws may impose environmental assessment obligations that are beyond the scope of this practice. In some cases, government agencies permit the use of this practice in connection with their programs but sometimes impose additional requirements going beyond this practice. Users should also be aware that there are likely to be other legal obligations with regard to chemicals of concern discovered on property that are not addressed in this practice and may pose risks of civil or criminal sanctions or both for non-compliance. 1.3 Objective—The objective guiding the development of this practice is to facilitate standardized transaction screens. 1.3.1 Note of Caution—The user should be cautious in applying this practice to properties with known current or historical handling of chemicals of concern. See Note 1. 1.3.2 Potentially Appropriate Uses—This practice may be especially appropriate for properties in rural, non-industrial, or undeveloped locations or, subject to the criteria of a lending institution, in connection with a financing of properties that are expected to have few environmental concerns. Note 1: In general, a transaction screen assessment is not suitable for purposes of evaluating environmental conditions of a property having activities that use, handle, store, or dispose of large volumes of chemicals, either currently or in the past. Such activities include, but are not limited to, manufacturing, vehicle fueling, dry cleaning, metal plating and finishing, circuit board manufacturing, junkyard, and landfill activities which would prompt the need for further inquiry. Refuting the presumption of a potential environmental concern on such properties normally requires the specialized knowledge and experience of an environmental professional completing a detailed environmental assessment such as a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment. 1.4 Considerations Beyond the —The use of this practice is strictly limited to the scope set forth in this section. Section 9 of this practice identifies, for informational purposes, certain environmental conditions (not an all-inclusive list) that may exist on a subject property that are beyond the scope of this practice but may warrant consideration by parties to a commercial real estate transaction. The need to include an investigation of any such conditions in the scope of services should be evaluated based upon, among other factors, the nature of the subject property and the reasons for performing the assessment (for example, a more comprehensive evaluation of business environmental risk) and should be agreed upon as additional services beyond the scope of this practice prior to initiation of the Transaction Screen Process. 1.5 Organization of This Practice—This practice has several parts and one appendix. Section 1 is the . Section 2 refers to other ASTM standards in the Referenced Documents. Section 3, Terminology, has definitions of terms not unique to this practice, descriptions of terms unique to this practice, and acronyms. Section 4 is of this practice. Section 5 is the Introduction to the Transaction Screen Process. Section 6 sets forth the Transaction Screen Questionnaire itself. Sections 7 and 8 contain the Guide to the Transaction Screen Questionnaire and its various parts. Section 9 provides additional information regarding non-scope considerations. See 1.4. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The terminology within this guide references ASTM Terminology E3188. These terms should be thoroughly familiarized before a review of this guide is accomplished.5.2 U.S. and international guidance advocate that transport aircraft perform a time-of-arrival landing assessment for all runway conditions to include dry, wet, and contaminated surfaces. The function of this assessment is to provide an operator with a standardized means for anticipating the level of braking action upon landing. An aircraft braking action report is then created based on the actual level of braking achieved. This information can then be communicated for analysis.5.3 The use of aircraft data to generate an aircraft braking action report is intended to mitigate human errors due to issues of training, experience, or cognitive bias that may occur with pilot braking action reports. For aircraft that use FAA AC 25-32 or equivalent (ICAO Doc 10064 and AMC 25.1592, for example) to assess landing performance, aircraft braking action reports can be considered applicable to a wide range of aircraft types and manufacturers.5.4 The ABAR produced by such a system may not result in an observation representative of the entire prepared surface intended to be used for landing, deceleration, or both.5.5 It is the responsibility of the aircraft and airport operator to create policies and procedures regarding the use of an ABAR. It is important to fully understand the capabilities and any limitations that may exist with such a system. It is the responsibility of the aircraft operator to ensure that proper training and system knowledge are in place prior to the use of these systems.5.6 FAA and ICAO guidance use the term Aircraft Wheel Brake Coefficient or MU Brakes (see Terminology E3188) to define the reference distances to be used by the flight crew in accomplishing a time-of-arrival landing assessment. MU Brakes is also commonly used in research programs and accident investigations. While the use of this term is a standard industry practice, other means of quantifying aircraft wheel braking performance may be employed.5.7 Aircraft of different manufacturers and type designs may use a variety of data sources. Therefore, this process of quantification cannot be universally detailed for all aircraft. This standard describes requirements for specific data, as well as categories of data that may be measured or inferred so that an appropriate calculation method may be employed.5.8 This standard may be used to support the design and operation of a variety of intended functions. The specific description of each function will determine the compliance methods that should be followed.NOTE 1: Intended functions may include the simple transmission of data, flight crew alerting, the discrimination of a simple boundary between two braking levels, or a multitude of braking levels.5.9 There is a wide range of methods that may be used to show compliance. The party responsible for assessing an applicant’s compliance should use this standard as a guide; however, the specific methods deemed acceptable may be determined based on the specifics of the design.5.10 This standard is intended to be applicable to any aircraft with an anti-skid system and available flight data. A nominal rate of data acquisition of 4 Hz represents requirements for flight data recorders. Data sample requirements are intended to allow older model aircraft and anti-skid systems enough information to demonstrate stable performance characteristics.5.11 ABAR systems are intended to reflect a portion of the landing area that can reasonably be considered relevant for operational decision-making. It is incumbent on the end user to incorporate policies and procedures to appropriately utilize this information in a safety management process.5.12 Mapping Accuracy—Compliance with this standard is intended to provide an ABAR produced by a system in which there is reasonable confidence that the reported braking action will be within ± one level of wheel braking, when using the six (6) categories of braking action reports as documented in FAA AC 25-32 or 10.2.2. For systems using fewer than six (6) levels of braking action, the standard for data precision will remain the same and the accuracy therefore increased.NOTE 2: Dry runway conditions are not described using braking action.5.13 Deviations from this standard may be considered acceptable if they are appropriately documented and justified.5.14 The list of parameters included in Annex A1 is categorized to maximize the ability of the designer to adhere to the philosophies documented herein. The list in this standard should be considered a minimum list of parameters normally available from an aircraft’s data system. These parameters are then used in modeling aerodynamics, propulsion, and other forces. A method of direct measurement or alternate means of determining wheel braking characteristics may result in a deviation from this list.1.1 This guide applies to any automated system that uses data from an aircraft to create an Aircraft Braking Action Report (ABAR) (see Terminology E3188). The system may be installed on an aircraft or operated remotely. This standard is intended to ensure that all ABARs created by automated systems meet a minimum level of quality and represent a standardized set of assumptions. This standard does not provide any guidance or means for the dissemination of an ABAR or related information.1.1.1 Aircraft systems producing ABARs or ABAR-related flight crew alerts are covered by the appropriate regulatory guidance for aircraft certification.1.2 This standard utilizes the terms and methods relating to aircraft anti-skid systems as documented in FAA AC 25-32.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 Risk Management—Aircraft braking action reports contain information that may be used to reference the operating limits of an aircraft. Section 6 details the safety analysis and specific guidelines for airborne and remotely operated systems.1.5 Operational Use—This standard does not address operational considerations nor recommend policies regarding the use of an aircraft braking action report.1.6 Mandating and Recommended Phrases—To enhance comprehension and clarity, required and recommended tasks are listed with the following nomenclature:1.6.1 The term “shall” is used to indicate a provision is mandatory. Such requirements are sequentially listed as “REQXX.”1.6.2 The term “should” is used to indicate that a provision is recommended as a good practice. Such recommendations are sequentially listed as “RECXX.”1.7 This standard provides guidance for performing one or more specific functions. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this standard may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Use—This guide is intended for use on a voluntary basis by parties who wish to obtain a limited survey of commercial real estate to assess for readily observable moisture affected materials and physical deficiencies conducive to elevated moisture as part of a commercial real estate transaction or commercial property management. This guide is intended to constitute a limited inquiry using representative observations for the purposes of conducting due diligence regarding the actual and potential presence of readily observable moisture affected materials and physical deficiencies conducive to elevated moisture in connection with the subject property. Inquiries that are more and less comprehensive than this guide (including, in some instances, no inquiry) may be appropriate in some circumstances in the opinion of the user (for example, when the presence of moisture affected materials is known to the user). Furthermore, no implication is intended that a person must use this guide in order to be deemed to have conducted appropriate inquiry in a commercially prudent or reasonable manner in a particular transaction. Nevertheless, this guide is intended to reflect a commercially prudent and reasonable inquiry. However, a LMA is not intended to serve as a comprehensive survey for the presence of readily observable moisture affected materials and physical deficiencies conducive to elevated moisture in all or most of the building systems throughout a commercial building.4.2 Clarification of Use: 4.2.1 Specific Point in Time—Because conditions conducive to elevated moisture in a building can vary greatly over time due to changes in weather, interior air handling and conditioning, occupancy, and so forth, a user should only rely on the results presented in the report for the point in time at which the LMA was conducted.4.2.2 Site-Specific—This guide is site-specific in that it relates to assessment of readily observable moisture affected materials and physical deficiencies conducive to elevated moisture within a specific commercial building. Consequently, this guide does not address many additional issues raised in commercial real estate transactions such as purchases of business entities, or interests therein, or of their assets, that may well involve liabilities pertaining to properties previously owned or operated or other on-site or off-site liabilities.4.2.3 Residential Tenants/Purchasers and Others—No implication is intended that it is currently customary practice for residential tenants of multifamily residential buildings, or other residential real estate to conduct a LMA in connection with these transactions. Thus, these transactions are not included in the term commercial real estate transaction, and it is not intended to imply that such persons are obligated to conduct a LMA in connection with these transactions for purposes of appropriate inquiry or for other purposes.4.3 Who May Conduct—The walk-through survey portion of a LMA should be conducted by a field observer qualified as outlined in Section 7.4.4 Additional Services—As set forth in 11.13, additional services may be contracted for between the user and the provider. Such additional services may include moisture metering, sampling of suspect fungal growth, invasive testing, thermographic imaging, environmental site assessments, property condition assessments or other services not included within the scope of this guide, examples of which area identified in Section 12 under Out of Considerations.4.5 Principles—The following principles are an integral part of this guide and are intended to be referred to in resolving ambiguity or exercising such discretion as is accorded the user or provider in conducting a LMA or in judging whether a user or provider has conducted appropriate inquiry or has otherwise conducted an adequate LMA.4.5.1 Uncertainty Not Eliminated—No limited survey of readily observable moisture affected materials and physical deficiencies conducive to elevated moisture can wholly eliminate uncertainty regarding the potential for readily observable moisture affected materials and physical deficiencies conducive to elevated moisture to be present at the subject property. Performance of a LMA pursuant to this guide is intended to reduce, but not eliminate, uncertainty regarding the current readily observable moisture affected materials and physical deficiencies conducive to elevated moisture at a property nor to eliminate the potential for readily observable moisture affected materials and physical deficiencies conducive to elevated moisture to be or to become present. The guide recognizes a provider’s findings may be determined under time constraints, formed without the aid of testing, exploratory probing, the removal of materials, design, or other technically exhaustive means.4.5.2 Not Exhaustive—Appropriate inquiry does not mean an exhaustive assessment of the subject property. There is a point at which the cost of information obtained or the time required to gather it outweighs the usefulness of the information and, in fact, may be a material detriment to the orderly completion of transactions. One of the purposes of this guide is to identify a balance between the competing goals of limiting the costs and time demands inherent in performing a LMA and the reduction of uncertainty about unknown conditions resulting from additional information.4.5.3 Activity Exclusions—Certain activities are generally excluded from or otherwise represent limitations to the scope of a LMA prepared in accordance with this guide. These should not be construed as all-inclusive or implying that any exclusion not specifically identified is a LMA requirement under this guide. Specifically excluded activities include:4.5.3.1 Removing or relocating materials, furniture, storage containers, personal effects, debris materials or finishes; conducting exploratory probing or testing; dismantling or operating equipment or appliances; or disturbing personal items or property which obstructs access or visibility.4.5.3.2 Sampling of any type, including sampling for suspect fungi or other forms of biological growth, or sampling or otherwise measuring moisture or other physical characteristics.4.5.3.3 Entering or accessing areas of the premises deemed to pose a threat of dangerous or adverse conditions with respect to the field observer or to perform any procedure that may damage or impair the physical integrity of the subject property, any building system, or component.4.5.3.4 Providing an environmental site assessment, property condition assessment, or any element of an environmental site assessment or property condition assessment.4.5.4 Hidden Areas—Moisture affected materials may occur in hidden areas such as: within wall cavities, within crawlspaces; above ceiling tiles or beneath flooring materials, and so forth. Possible locations of hidden moisture affected materials can include pipe chases and utility tunnels, porous thermal or acoustic liners inside ductwork, or roof insulation materials above roof decks of ceilings. If the user suspects the presence of hidden moisture affected materials (for example, due to musty smells), the user should communicate this fact to the provider. If the provider suspects the presence of hidden moisture affected materials, the provider should detail such findings in the report. Further investigation of hidden moisture affected materials is beyond the scope of work described in this guide.4.5.5 Representative Observations—The purpose of conducting representative observations is to convey to the user the expected magnitude of commonly encountered or anticipated conditions. Representative observation quantities should be provided in the agreement between user and provider; however, if in the provider’s opinion such representative observations as presented in the agreement are unwarranted as a result of homogeneity of the asset or other reasons deemed appropriate by the provider, a sufficient number of units, areas, systems, buildings, and so forth may be observed so as to achieve a reasonable confidence as to the representative present conditions of such repetitive or similar areas, systems, buildings, and so forth.4.5.5.1 User-Requested Representative Observations—A user may define the representative observations required for a given subject property.4.5.5.2 Extrapolation of Findings—Provider may reasonably extrapolate representative observations and findings to all typical areas or systems of the subject property for the purposes of describing such conditions within the report. The provider’s rationale for the extrapolation of findings should be included in the report.4.5.6 Level of Inquiry Is Variable—Not every commercial real estate transaction will warrant the same level of assessment. Consistent with good commercial practice, the appropriate level of survey will be guided by the type of property subject to assessment, the expertise and risk tolerance of the user, geographic and other environmentally related issues such as local climate, drainage and proximity to surface water, and other information that may be developed during the course of the LMA.4.5.7 Comparison With Subsequent Inquiry—It should not be concluded or assumed that an inquiry was not an appropriate inquiry merely because the inquiry did not identify readily observable moisture affected materials and physical deficiencies conducive to elevated moisture in connection with a commercial building. LMAs should be evaluated based on the reasonableness of judgments made at the time and under the circumstances in which they were made. Subsequent LMAs should not be considered valid standards to judge the appropriateness of any prior assessment based upon hindsight, changed conditions, new information, use of developing technology or analytical techniques, or other factors.4.6 Rules of Engagement—The contractual and legal obligations between a provider and a user (and other parties, if any) are outside the scope of this guide. No specific legal relationship between the provider and the user is necessary for the user to meet the requirements of this guide.1.1 Purpose—The purpose of this guide2 is to define good commercial practice for conducting a limited survey for readily observable moisture affected materials and conditions conducive to elevated moisture in a commercial building related to commercial real estate transaction or commercial real estate management by conducting: a walk-through survey, document reviews, and interviews as outlined within this guide. This guide is intended to provide a practical means for the limited identification of moisture affected materials and physical deficiencies conducive to elevated moisture caused by water infiltration through the building envelope or substructure or generated within the subject building as a result of processes or mechanical systems, excluding de minimis conditions. This guide is to allow a user to assess general moisture concerns, as well as the potential need for further assessment or other actions that may be appropriate that are beyond the scope of this guide. For purposes of this guide, the initialism “LMA” or “Limited Moisture Assessment” is used interchangeably with this guide’s full title.1.2 Purpose Limitations—While a LMA may be used to survey for readily identifiable moisture affected materials and physical deficiencies conducive to elevated moisture, the LMA is not designed to serve as comprehensive survey for the presence of moisture affected materials and physical deficiencies conducive to elevated moisture in all or most areas in a commercial building. It is not intended to reduce or eliminate the risks that elevated moisture may pose to the subject building or its occupants.1.3 Considerations Beyond This —The use of this guide is limited to the scope set forth in this section. Section 12 of this guide identifies, for informational purposes, certain physical conditions (not an all-inclusive list) that may exist at a subject property and certain activities or procedures (not an all-inclusive list) that are beyond the scope of this guide but may warrant consideration by users. The need to investigate any such conditions in the provider’s scope of services should be evaluated based upon, among other factors, the nature of the subject property and the reason for conducting the LMA. The scope of such further investigation or testing services should be agreed upon between the user and the provider as additional services, which are beyond the scope of this guide, prior to initiation of the LMA process. The responsibility to initiate work beyond the scope of this guide lies with the user.1.3.1 Sampling for suspect fungi and other forms of biological growth is a non-scope consideration under this guide.1.3.2 Sampling or otherwise measuring for moisture is a non-scope consideration under this guide.1.4 Organization of the Guide—This guide has 13 sections and two appendices. Section 1 defines the . Section 2 is Referenced Documents. Section 3 is Terminology. Section 4 defines the of this guide. Section 5 describes User Responsibilities. Sections 6 through 11 provide guidelines for the main body of the report, including the scope of the walk-through survey and preparation of the report. Section 12 identifies Out of Considerations. Section 13 lists keywords for Internet reference. Appendix X1 provides the user with a suggested Interview Checklist, and Appendix X2 provides the user with a suggested Field Checklist.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

This specification covers white or yellow preformed retroreflective pavement marking tapes that are designed to provide a service life of typically 3 to 6 months, on roads with up to 15 000 average daily traffic count (ADT). The tapes are intended for use as longitudinal, transverse, or word/symbol pavement markings that provide delineation day and night. The tapes may be either Type I (removable) or Type II (nonremovable). The marking tape shall be a reflective film coated with a pressure-sensitive adhesive with or without a protective liner. It shall be flexible and shall conform to the the typical road pavement surface. In addition, it shall adhere to asphalt or portland cement concrete roadway surfaces when applied. Also, the marking tape shall be retroreflective, reflecting white or yellow, respectively, and shall be readily visible when viewed with automobile headlights at night and shall have minimum reflective values as specified.1.1 This specification covers white or yellow preformed retroreflective pavement marking tapes that are designed to provide a service life of typically three to six months, depending on wear and durability factors.1.2 The tapes are intended for use as longitudinal, transverse, or word/symbol pavement markings that provide delineation day and night. The tapes may be either removable or nonremovable.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard except where noted in the document. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 819元 / 折扣价： 697 元