1.1 These tolerances are applicable to all yarns 59 tex (10.00/1 cotton count) or coarser spun of man-made fiber(s), 4.5 to 30.0 dtex/filament, (4 to 25 denier/filament) and spun on the parallel worsted or modified worsted system. These tolerances do not apply to novelty or fancy yarns spun on the parallel worsted or modified worsted system. Note 1-For tolerances for other spun yarns, see Tolerances D2644, Tolerances D2645, Specification D541, and Specification D681. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard; the values in inch-pound units are provided as information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This test method deals with the standards for the measurement of apparent viscosity of roofing bitumen by mean of a parallel plate plastometer. This method involves measuring viscosity using pre-determined arbitrary shear stress levels. The method involves molding the sample into a disc of specified dimensions, heating it to a selected temperature and placing it between the plates of a pre-heated apparatus and pressing under the standard conditions for a measured time.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of apparent viscosity of roofing bitumen by means of a parallel plate plastometer. This test method is applicable for a viscosity range from 102 to 109 Pa·s [103 to 1010 poises]. See Note 1.NOTE 1: This relatively simple test method of measuring viscosity uses predetermined, arbitrary shear stress levels. Since roofing bitumens are non-Newtonian, other viscosity test methods may give different results.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The viscous and elastic behavior of unvulcanized rubbers and rubber compounds is of paramount importance in rubber manufacturing, since it affects processing, such as mixing, calendering, extrusion, and molding. The uniformity of these properties is equally important, as fluctuations will cause upsets in manufacturing processes.5.2 A test capable of measuring viscosity and elasticity of unvulcanized rubbers and rubber compounds, including their uniformity and prediction of processing behavior, is therefore highly desirable (see Practice D6048 for further information).5.3 Compared to many other rheological tests, this test method measures viscosity and elasticity related parameters under conditions of low shear and has a high discriminating power. It can detect small rheological differences. A full discussion of the principles behind stress relaxation testing is given in Practice D6048.5.4 Test results of this test method may be useful in predicting processability, but correlation with actual manufacturing processes must be established in each individual case, since conditions vary too widely.5.5 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee purposes, and research and development work.1.1 This test method is an adaptation of the German Standard DIN 53514, a further development of the former “Defo Test” (see Appendix X1).1.2 This test method is capable of measuring and characterizing the rheological behavior (viscosity and elasticity) of unvulcanized raw rubbers and rubber compounds, relating to the macro structure of rubber polymers (average molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, long chain branching, and micro- and macro-gel).1.3 The viscosity and elasticity of unvulcanized rubbers and rubber compounds are determined by subjecting cylindrical test pieces to a compression/recovery cycle. The dependency on shear rate at constant shear stress is evaluated and the material fatigue behavior is determined in repeat cycle testing.1.4 The non-Newtonian viscous and elastic behavior of rubbers and rubber compounds can also be evaluated.1.5 Statistical evaluation of the test data provides an indication of data variation, which may be employed as an estimate of the homogeneity of the material tested.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Blocking develops in film processing and storage when layers of smooth film are in intimate contact with nearly complete exclusion of air. Temperature, or pressure, or both, can induce or change the degree of adhesion of the surfaces.5.2 The procedure of this test method closely simulates the operation of separating film in some end-use applications.1.1 This test method yields quantitative information regarding the degree of blocking (unwanted adhesion) existing between layers of plastic film. It is not intended to measure susceptibility to blocking.1.2 By this procedure, the film-to-film adhesion, expressed as a blocking load in grams, will cause two layers of film with an area of contact of 100 cm2 to separate. The test method is limited to a maximum load of 200 g.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: This test method is similar to ISO 11502 Method B, but is not technically equivalent.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The plasticity number and the recovery of the test specimen are related to the flow properties and the elastic properties, respectively, and may be useful in predicting processing characteristics, such as ease of forming and extrusion characteristics.4.1.1 In this test method, plasticity is measured in an inverse manner, as noted by the final height of the specimen. Thus, high plasticity rubbers (high degree of flow during test) are indicated by a low plasticity number.1.1 This test method covers the determination of plasticity and recovery of unvulcanized rubber by means of the parallel plate plastometer. Uncompounded, compounded, and reclaim rubber may be tested.NOTE 1: ISO 2007 and Test Method D3194 use a principle similar to this test method although the apparatus, test conditions, and procedure are different.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is part of an overall suite of related test methods that provide repeatable measures of robotic system maneuvering and remote operator proficiency. The align ground contacts with parallel rails test challenges robotic system locomotion, operator control, effective camera positioning, chassis shape variability (if available), and remote situational awareness by the operator. As such, the align ground contacts with parallel rails test can be used to represent situations where hazards must be avoided by the robot (for example, debris, puddles) surrounding a path in the environment, highlighting situational awareness demands on the operator while controlling the robot.5.2 The scale of the apparatus can vary to provide different constraints representative of typical intended deployment environments. For example, the three configurations can be representative of repeatable complexity for unobstructed environments (open configuration), relatively open parking lots with spaces between cars (rectangular confinement configuration), or within bus, train, or plane aisles, or dwellings with hallways and doorways (square confinement configuration).5.3 The test apparatuses are low cost and easy to fabricate so they can be widely replicated. The procedure is also simple to conduct. This eases comparisons across various testing locations and dates to determine best-in-class systems and operators.5.4 Evaluation—This test method can be used in a controlled environment to measure baseline capabilities. The parallel rails apparatus can also be embedded into operational training scenarios to measure degradation due to uncontrolled variables in lighting, weather, radio communications, GPS accuracy, etc.5.5 Procurement—This test method can be used to identify inherent capability trade-offs in systems, make informed purchasing decisions, and verify performance during acceptance testing. This aligns requirement specifications and user expectations with existing capability limits.5.6 Training—This test method can be used to focus operator training as a repeatable practice task or as an embedded task within training scenarios. The resulting measures of remote operator proficiency enable tracking of perishable skills over time, along with comparisons of performance across squads, regions, or national averages.5.7 Innovation—This test method can be used to inspire technical innovation, demonstrate break-through capabilities, and measure the reliability of systems performing specific tasks within an overall mission sequence. Combining or sequencing multiple test methods can guide manufacturers toward implementing the combinations of capabilities necessary to perform essential mission tasks.1.1 This test method is intended for remotely operated ground robots operating in complex, unstructured, and often hazardous environments. It specifies the apparatuses, procedures, and performance metrics necessary to measure the capability of a robot to align its ground contacts while maneuvering across parallel rails. This test method is one of several related maneuvering tests that can be used to evaluate overall system capabilities.1.2 The robotic system includes a remote operator in control of most functionality, so an onboard camera and remote operator display are typically required. This test method can be used to evaluate assistive or autonomous behaviors intended to improve the effectiveness or efficiency of remotely operated systems.1.3 Different user communities can set their own thresholds of acceptable performance within this test method for various mission requirements.1.4 Performing Location—This test method may be performed anywhere the specified apparatuses and environmental conditions can be implemented.1.5 Units—The International System of Units (a.k.a. SI Units) and U.S. Customary Units (a.k.a. Imperial Units) are used throughout this document. They are not mathematical conversions. Rather, they are approximate equivalents in each system of units to enable use of readily available materials in different countries. The differences between the stated dimensions in each system of units are insignificant for the purposes of comparing test method results, so each system of units is separately considered standard within this test method.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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It has long been recognized that dissipation factor and permittivity of laminated insulation as measured in a direction perpendicular to the laminations are not of the same magnitude as those measured parallel to the laminations. This test method provides a means of obtaining data parallel to the laminations where design parameters require this information.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dissipation factor and permittivity of stiff laminated sheet and plate insulating materials in a direction parallel with the laminations. This test method primarily includes information covering the preparation of the specimen, and details concerning the procedure required to make measurements parallel with the laminations for this particular type of material. The apparatus and general test procedure shall be in accordance with Test Methods D 150.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement see 9.2.

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5.1 It is often necessary to determine the depth of deep foundation elements supporting existing structures, such as buildings and bridges, for which neither drawings nor as-built records are available. Such situations occur when the foundation loads have to be increased or when it is intended to excavate near, or even under, the structure. When the top of the foundation is inaccessible, as is the case with underwater bridge piers, the Parallel Seismic method can be used to determine the deep foundations’ depth. The method is also applicable in cases where the foundation top can be reached, but the foundation element is not testable by the Low Strain Impact Integrity Testing Method (ASTM D5882) due to the foundation type (such as diaphragm and secant-pile walls, H-piles and sheet piles) or excessive foundation slenderness.5.2 Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing and inspection. However, users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results since the proper conduct and evaluation of parallel seismic tests requires training, special knowledge and experience. A suitably qualified engineer shall plan and supervise the acquisition of field data and the interpretation of the test results.1.1 The test Methods described in this standard are used to measure the depth of vertical deep foundation elements including micropiles, driven piles (prefabricated or cast in-situ), bored piles, secant or tangent pile walls, caissons, barrettes, diaphragm walls and sheet pile walls. It is applicable where the top of the said foundation element (in the following also named “pile”) cannot be exposed for testing and other testing methods such as ASTM D5882 or D6760 cannot be used.1.2 This standard provides minimum requirements for measuring the depth of deep foundations. Plans, specifications, and/or provisions may provide additional requirements and methods as needed to satisfy the objectives of a particular test program.1.3 This standard provides the following test methods:1.3.1 Method “A” using a vertical access tube adjacent to the deep foundation.1.3.2 Method “B” using a seismic cone inserted into the ground adjacent to the deep foundation.1.4 Apparati and Methods herein designated “optional” may produce different a different kind of test results or additional information and may be used only when approved by the engineer responsible for the test.1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.7 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.8 The methods used to specify how data are collected, recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The methods used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special-purpose studies or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis.1.9 This standard offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this standard may be applicable under all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document only means that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers zinc-coated parallel and helical steel wire structural strands for use where a high-strength, high-modulus, multiple-wire tension member is desired as a component part of a structure. Breaking strength is expressed as Grade 1 or 2, while, coating weight is expressed as Class A, B, or C. Strands shall be furnished with Class A weight zinc-coated wires throughout, but may be furnished with Class B or C weight wires as well where additional corrosion protection is required. The base metal shall be carbon steel manufactured by the open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process Finished strands and the hard-drawn individual zinc-coated wires shall be coated by the hot-dip or electrolytic process. Specimens shall be tested and conform to values of the following physical requirements: nominal diameter, stress at specified extension under load, tensile strength, total elongation, ductility, and coating weight and adherence.1.1 This specification covers metallic-coated steel wire structural strand, for use where a high-strength, high-modulus, multiple-wire tension member is desired as a component part of a structure. The strand is available with parallel or helical wire construction.1.1.1 The strand is available with several metallic coating classes and with two strength grades, as described in Section 4.1.2 The strand is furnished with Class A weight zinc or zinc-aluminum alloy-coated wires throughout. It can be furnished with Class B weight or Class C weight zinc-coated outer wires as an option.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The external loading properties of plastic pipe obtained by this test method are used for the following:5.1.1 To determine the stiffness of the pipe. This is a function of the pipe dimensions and the physical properties of the material of which the pipe is made.5.1.2 To determine the load-deflection characteristics and pipe stiffness which are used for engineering design (see Appendix X1).5.1.3 To compare the characteristics of various plastics in pipe form.5.1.4 To study the interrelations of dimensions and deflection properties of plastic pipe and conduit.5.1.5 To measure the deflection and load-resistance at any of several significant events if they occur during the test.1.1 This test method covers the determination of load-deflection characteristics of plastic pipe under parallel-plate loading.1.2 This test method covers thermoplastic resin pipe, reinforced thermosetting resin pipe (RTRP), and reinforced polymer mortar pipe (RPMP).1.3 The characteristics determined by this test method are pipe stiffness, stiffness factor, and load at specific deflections.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.NOTE 1: While this test method can be used in measuring the pipe stiffness of corrugated plastic pipe or tubing, other profile wall designs, and products produced from polyethylene, PVC or polypropylene, special conditions and procedures are used. These details are included in the product standards, for example, Specifications F667/F667M, F949, F2764/F2764M, and others.1.5 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the test method.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车