This specification covers deformed and plain carbon-steel bars for concrete reinforcements in cut lengths and coils. Materials considered under this specification are available in Grades 40 [280], 60 [420] and 75 [520]. Steel samples shall be rolled from properly identified heats of mold cast or strand cast steel using electric-furnace, basic-oxygen, or open-hearth. Heat analysis shall be performed wherein steel materials shall conform to required compositions of carbon, manganese, phosphorus and sulfur. Steel specimens shall also undergo tensile tests and shall conform to required values of tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation. Steel samples shall also undergo deformation test, tension test and bend tests. Final products shall be marked by a tag.1.1 This specification covers deformed and plain carbon-steel bars in cut lengths and coils for concrete reinforcement. Annex A2 of this specification covers deformed bars for use for other applications. Steel bars containing alloy additions, such as with the Association for Iron and Steel Technology and the Society of Automotive Engineers series of alloy steels, are permitted if the resulting product meets all the other requirements of this specification. The standard sizes and dimensions of deformed bars and their number designations are given in Table 1.1.2 Unless specified for use for other applications in Annex A2, bars are of four minimum yield strength levels: namely, 40 000 psi [280 MPa], 60 000 psi [420 MPa], 80 000 psi [550 MPa], and 100 000 psi [690 MPa], designated as Grade 40 [280], Grade 60 [420], Grade 80 [550], and Grade 100 [690], respectively.NOTE 1: Grade 100 [690] reinforcing bars were introduced in this specification in 2015. In contrast to the lower grades, which have ratios of specified tensile strength to specified yield strength that range from 1.25 to 1.50, Grade 100 [690] reinforcing bars have a ratio of specified tensile strength to specified yield strength of 1.15. Users of this specification should be aware that there will, therefore, be a lower margin of safety and reduced warning of failure following yielding when Grade 100 [690] bars are used in structural members where strength is governed by the tensile strength of the reinforcement, primarily in beams and slabs. As a result of the lower specified tensile strength to specified yield strength ratio of 1.15 for Grade 100 [690], users of this specification should be aware that ACI 318 Type 1 mechanical and welded splice requirements found in many acceptance criteria of 125 % of specified yield strength requirements in tension and compression are not applicable to Grade 100 [690]. Mechanical and welded splices should meet a minimum specified tensile strength of 115 000 psi [790 MPa] for Grade 100 [690].NOTE 2: Users of this specification need to be aware that consensus design codes and specifications may not recognize the use of the No. 20 [64] bar, the largest bar included in this specification. Structural members reinforced with No. 20 [64] bars may require approval of the building official or other appropriate authority and require special detailing to ensure adequate performance at service and factored loads.1.3 Plain bars, in sizes up to and including 21/2 in. [63.5 mm] in diameter in coils or cut lengths, when ordered shall be furnished under this specification in Grade 40 [280], Grade 60 [420], Grade 80 [550], and Grade 100 [690]. For ductility properties (elongation and bending), test provisions of the nearest smaller nominal diameter deformed bar size shall apply. Requirements providing for deformations and marking shall not be applicable.NOTE 3: Welding of the material in this specification should be approached with caution since no specific provisions have been included to enhance its weldability. When this steel is to be welded, a welding procedure suitable for the chemical composition and intended use or service should be used. The use of the latest edition of AWS D1.4/D1.4M is recommended. The AWS D1.4/D1.4M Welding Code describes the proper selection of the filler metals and preheat/interpass temperatures, as well as performance and procedure qualification requirements.1.4 Requirements for alternate bar sizes are presented in Annex A1. The requirements in Annex A1 only apply when specified by the purchaser (see 4.2.4).1.5 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.1.6 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A615) or in SI units (as Specification A615M).1.7 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the specification.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification covers deformed and plain rail-steel concrete-reinforcement bars. The standard sizes and dimensions of deformed bars and their number designations shall be those listed in Table 1. 1.1.1 A supplementary requirement (S1) of an optional nature is provided. It shall apply only when specified by the purchaser. 1.2 Bars are of two minimum yield levels: namely, 50 000 psi [350 MPa] and 60 000 psi [420 MPa], designated as Grade 50 [350] and Grade 60 [420], respectively. 1.3 Plain rounds, in sizes up to and including 2 in. [50.8 mm] in diameter, in coils or cut lengths, when specified for dowels, spirals and structural ties or supports shall be furnished under this specification in Grade 50 [350] and Grade 60 [420]. For bending properties test provisions of the nearest smaller nominal diameter deformed bar size shall apply. Those requirements providing for deformations and marking shall not be applicable. 1.4 The weldability of the steel is not part of this specification. 1.5 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A616) or in SI units [as Specification A616M]. 1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

1.1 This specification covers deformed and plain axle-steel bars for concrete reinforcement. The standard sizes and dimensions of deformed bars and their number designations shall be those listed in Table 1. 1.1.1 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this specification. 1.2 Bars are of two minimum yield levels: namely, 40 000 psi [300 MPa] and 60 000 psi [420 MPa], designated as Grade 40 [300] and Grade 60 [420], respectively. 1.3 Plain rounds, in sizes up to and including 2 in. [50.8 mm] in diameter, in coils or cut lengths, when specified for dowels, spirals and structural ties or supports shall be furnished under this specification in Grade 40 [300] and Grade 60 [420]. For ductility properties (elongation and bending), test provisions of the nearest smaller nominal diameter deformed bar shall apply. Requirements providing for deformations and marking shall not be applicable. 1.4 The weldability of the steel is not a requirement of this specification. 1.5 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A617) or SI units [as Specification A617M]. 1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

4.1 The long-term material strength of geosynthetic reinforcement material is a critical design parameter for many civil engineering projects including, but not limited to, reinforced wall structures and reinforced slopes. Geosynthetic reinforcement products are produced using a variety of polymeric materials and using a variety of manufacturing procedures. Accordingly, product-specific testing using representative produced products is recommended for establishment of long-term material strength for products used as reinforcement in structures.4.2 The primary use of the test results obtained from a reinforcement testing program is to determine the available long-term (that is, end of design life, typically 75 years) material strength, Tal, of the reinforcement. The available long-term strength, Tal, is calculated as follows:4.3 This long-term geosynthetic reinforcement strength concept is illustrated in Fig. 1. As shown in the figure, some strength losses occur immediately upon installation, and others occur throughout the design life of the reinforcement. Much of the long-term strength loss does not begin to occur until near the end of the reinforcement design life.FIG. 1 Long-Term Geosynthetic Strength Concepts4.4 The value selected for Tult, for design purposes, is the minimum average roll value (MARV) for the product. This minimum average roll value, denoted as TMARV, accounts for statistical variance in the material strength. Other sources of uncertainty and variability in the long-term strength result from installation damage, creep extrapolation, and the chemical degradation process. It is assumed that the observed variability in the creep rupture envelope is 100 % correlated with the short-term tensile strength, as the creep strength is typically directly proportional to the short-term tensile strength within a product line. Therefore, the MARV of Tult adequately takes into account variability in the creep strength.4.5 In accordance with AASHTO R 69-15, the test program results provided in geosynthetic reinforcement design reduction factor test reports are focused on characterization of the product line, specifically testing representative products within the product line to accomplish that characterization.4.6 The guidelines provided in this document explain how to use the test data to characterize the entire product line with regard to long-term strength and durability properties.1.1 This guide presents a description of how to use test results from reduction factor test reports for reinforcement geosynthetics. It is based solely on testing and reporting requirements as established in American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) standard AASHTO R 69-15, Standard Practice for Determination of Long-Term Strength for Geosynthetic Reinforcement. AASHTO R 69-15 is used to determine the long-term allowable material strength, Tal, that is solely product property performance dependant.1.2 This guide is intended to assist designers and users of reinforcement geosynthetics when reviewing reports of reduction factor testing efforts. This guide is not intended to replace education or experience, or other alternative design procedures. This guide is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. The word “standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

AbstractSpecification covers masonry joint reinforcements fabricated from cold-drawn steel wires. It specifies that joint reinforcement consists of longitudinal wires welded to cross wires. Wire used in the manufacture of masonry joint reinforcement shall be round. Masonry joint reinforcement shall then be assembled by automatic machines or by other suitable mechanical means that will assure accurate spacing and alignment of all members of the finished product. Longitudinal and cross wires shall be securely connected at every intersection by an electric-resistance welding process and then it shall be deformed. Tension, weld shear strength, and bend tests shall be performed on the samples. When corrosion protection of joint reinforcement has been provided, it shall be either zinc coated mill or hot-dip galvanized.1.1 This specification covers stainless steel and galvanized carbon steel masonry joint reinforcement fabricated from cold-drawn steel wire. Joint reinforcement consists of longitudinal wires welded to cross wires.1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the specification.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 Full-encirclement-type band clamps are recommended for repairs only where the pipe is able to maintain its structural integrity. These clamps are not recommended for permanent repair of pipe where the damage could propagate outside the clamp under anticipated field conditions (see 5.1.1 for repair limitations). In such situations, it is recommended to cut out and replace the damaged pipe with a new piece. Clamps that are used for repair should comply with the manufacturer’s specifications for use and the manufacturer’s installation instructions should be followed.4.2 These clamps may be used to cover holes left in the pipe from abandoned service line connections, purge points, and accidental punctures.4.3 These clamps may be used to reinforce the pipe where the wall thickness has been reduced because of gouges or other irregularities.4.4 Some users reinforce polyethylene pipe after it has been squeezed-off as a precaution against pipe damage that may have occurred during the squeeze-off process and as a means of ensuring that the pipe will not be squeezed-off again at the same location. Consult with the polyethylene pipe manufacturer as to the appropriateness of squeeze-off for their product, and for circumstances when reinforcement is recommended. See Guide F1041.1.1 This guide specifically addresses the design and installation of full-encirclement-type band clamps for repair of gouges, punctures, or holes, and for reinforcement of polyethylene plastic pipe. Guidelines are provided for selecting and using clamps in pipe sizes 2 in. nominal (60 mm) and larger.1.1.1 A test method is also provided for the user to assess the applicability of the repair clamp. Under appropriate circumstances, this type of clamp offers a convenient, effective, and safe means of restoring the integrity of an in-service pipeline, without cutting out a section of pipe (see Note 1). The pipe to be repaired cannot be backed by a stiffener for internal support and cross-sectional dimensional control. Satisfactory use of this type of clamp should rely on the crush resistance of the pipe itself and a fitting design concept, which retains the cross-sectional pipe configuration while minimizing compressive forces required to obtain an effective leakage seal.NOTE 1: The appropriateness for use of this type of clamp should be determined by using the information contained in this guide and from consultation with, and recommendations of, both the pipe and clamp manufacturers. The basic premise for use of this type of clamp is that it is recommended by the manufacturer for this specific application and that step-by-step installation instructions are available for that application. It is important in the development of this type of clamp that prototype testing be conducted to evaluate performance expectations because of the physical limitations encountered when designing it for use with plastic pipe.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers steel wire and steel welded wire fabrics which are either plain or deformed, and coated with protective polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Class A material is intended for use as concrete reinforcement and Class B for reinforcement in earth. Coating materials shall adhere to chemical resistance requirements. The surface of the material to be coated shall be cleaned by abrasive blast cleaning to near-white metal. The coating shall be applied to the cleaned surface as soon as possible after cleaning and before oxidation, as discernible to the unaided eye, occurs. The coating shall conform to set coating thickness and holidays. Adhesion of coating shall be evaluated by bending test. Guidelines for inspection, rejection and certification are also given.1.1 This specification covers plain and deformed steel wire and plain and deformed steel welded wire reinforcement with protective vinyl (polyvinyl chloride, or polyvinyl chloride powder compound) coating. A Class A minimum coating thickness is required for wire and welded wire reinforcement intended for use in concrete and masonry. A Class B minimum coating thickness is required for wire and welded wire reinforcement intended for use in mechanically stabilized earth applications.1.2 Other thermoplastic organic coatings may be used provided they meet the requirements of this specification.Note 1—The coating applicator is identified throughout this specification as the manufacturer.1.3 Requirements for coatings are contained in Annex A1.1.4 Requirements for patching materials are contained in Annex A2.1.5 The text of this specification contains notes or footnotes, or both, that provide explanatory material. Such notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables or figures, do not contain any mandatory requirements.1.6 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A933) or in SI units [as Specification A933M].1.7 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

4.1 The purpose of a laminate orientation code is to provide a simple, easily understood method of describing the lay-up of a laminate. The laminate orientation code is based largely on a combination of industry practice and the codes used in the NASA/DOD Advanced Composites Design Guide,5 CMH-17-2G, and ISO 1268-1.4.2 The braiding orientation code provides similar information for a two-dimensional braid, based largely on Standard Test Methods for Textile Composites.61.1 This practice establishes orientation codes for continuous-fiber-reinforced composite materials. Orientation codes are explicitly provided for two-dimensional laminates and braids. The laminate code may also be used for filament-wound materials. A method is included for presenting subscript information in computerized formats that do not permit subscript notation.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers deformed and plain austenitic and duplex (austenitic/duplex) stainless steel bars for concrete reinforcement proposed to be used in applications requiring corrosion resistance, controlled tensile properties or controlled magnetic permeability. For each specimen, one tension test, one bend test, if required, and one set of dimensional property tests shall be made. If the results of the test fail to meet the specified minimum requirements, a retest shall be permitted on two random specimens for each original tension specimen failure from the lot. If a specimen fails a bend test due to reasons other than mechanical or flaws, a retest shall be permitted on two random specimens from the same lot.1.1 This specification covers deformed and plain stainless steel bars for concrete reinforcement in cut lengths and coils used in applications requiring resistance to corrosion, restrictive mechanical properties, or controlled magnetic permeability. This specification has a minimum actual tensile strength to actual yield strength ratio (Table 3). The standard sizes and dimensions of deformed bars and their numerical designation shall be those listed in Table 1.1.1.1 A supplementary requirement (S1) is provided for use where a controlled magnetic permeability product is required by the purchaser. Supplementary Requirement S1 applies only when specified in the purchase order.1.1.2 A supplementary controlled mechanical properties requirement (S2) is provided for use where a restricted yield strength range and a higher actual tensile to actual yield strength ratio is required by the purchaser. Supplementary Requirement S2 applies only when specified in the purchase order.1.2 The chemical composition of the stainless steel alloy shall be selected for suitability to the application involved by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. This is an important consideration in achieving the desired corrosion resistance or controlled magnetic permeability, or both, because these properties are not provided by all stainless steels.1.3 Corrosion Resistance requirements are contained in Section 11 and Annex A1 and the test procedures options are Annex A2 (Rapid Macrocell Test) or Annex A3 (Cracked Beam Test).1.4 The requirements for introduction of new alloys into a mandatory chemical composition requirements table in this specification are given in Annex A5.1.5 Requirements for the relative deformation area of three-sided deformed bars are contained in Annex A4.1.6 Bars are of three minimum yield strength levels, namely, 60 000 psi [420 MPa], 75 000 psi [520 MPa], and 80 000 psi [550 MPa], designated as Grade 60 [420], Grade 75 [520], or Grade 80 [550], respectively.1.7 Plain bars in sizes up to and including 2 in. [50.8 mm] in diameter in coils or cut lengths are furnished in accordance with this specification in Grade 60 [420], Grade 75 [520], and Grade 80 [550], respectively. Mechanical testing, when required, shall be to the nearest nominal deformed bar size. Requirements providing for deformations and marking shall not be applicable to plain bars.1.8 When stainless steel is to be welded, use a procedure suitable for the chemical composition and intended use or service.NOTE 1: Welding of stainless steel reinforcement would occur after shipment from the manufacturer. Structural welding should be performed in accordance with the latest edition of AWS D1.6/D1.6M, any other internationally accepted stainless steel welding code, or a procedure suggested by the material manufacturer. AWS D1.6/D1.6M describes the proper selection of the filler metals, temperature control, as well as, performance, procedure qualification and inspection requirements.1.9 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A955) or in SI units (as Specification A955M).1.10 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.1.11 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.1.12 This specification does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this specification to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.13 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 777元 / 折扣价： 661 元 加购物车

5.1 Resiliency may be used to control the quality of many TRMs. Resiliency may be indicative of a TRM's ability to retain original configuration after exposure to the stresses which may be exerted during manufacture, shipping, and installation. Resiliency is not generally indicative of field performance.5.2 The resiliency of TRMs may vary considerably depending on the pressure applied to the specimen during loading cycles. To minimize variation, specific sample size and applied pressure are indicated in this test method to ensure all results are comparable.5.3 To determine the effect of different pressure loadings on the final thickness of TRMs, use this test method.5.4 This test method may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of TRMs, but caution is advised since information on between-laboratory precision is incomplete. Comparative tests in accordance with 5.4.1 may be advisable.5.4.1 In a case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are formed from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two begun. If bias is found, either its cause must corrected, or the purchaser and be found and interpret future tests in supplier must agree to the light of the known bias.NOTE 1: The user should be aware that the compressibility of the materials, their rebound characteristics, and the like will also be affected by the thickness of the TRMs following the time when they are rolled up on rolls shipped and stored.1.1 This test method covers the resiliency or recovery of turf reinforcement mats (TRMs) after they have been subjected to three cycles of loading at 689 kPa [100 psi] for 1 min/per cycle.1.2 This test method does not provide resiliency values for TRMs under variable normal compressive stresses. This test method determines nominal resiliency.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification covers basalt and glass fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP and GFRP, respectively) bars, provided in straight (longitudinal) cut lengths, of solid round cross-section, and having a surface enhancement for internal concrete reinforcement applications. Bars covered by this specification shall meet the requirements for geometric, material, mechanical, and physical properties as described herein. 1.2 Subsection 1.6 defines the type of FRP bars that are out of the scope of this specification. 1.3 Bars produced according to this standard are qualified using the test methods and must meet the requirements given in Table 1. Quality control and certification of production lots of bars are completed using the test methods and must meet the requirements given in Table 2. 1.4 The standard sizes and dimensions of FRP bars and their number designations are given in Table 3. 1.5 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification. 1.6 The following FRP bar materials are not covered by this specification: 1.6.1 Bars made of more than one load-bearing fiber types or different grade fibers (that is, hybrid FRP). 1.6.2 Bars made from fibers other than glass or basalt. 1.6.3 Bars having no external surface enhancement (that is, plain or smooth bars, or dowels). 1.6.4 Bars with geometries other than solid, round cross sections. 1.6.5 Pre-manufactured grids and gratings made with FRP materials. 1.6.6 Bent bars (that is, bars that are not made of straight, continuous lengths). Note 1: Bent bars may include stirrups and hoops. Refer Specification D7957/D7957M for GFRP bent bar specifications. 1.7 This specification is applicable for either SI (as Specification D8505M) or US units (as Specification D8505). 1.8 The values stated in either SI units or US units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the US units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers deformed and plain steel reinforcing bars in cut lengths with a head attached to one or both ends for reinforcing concrete structures. This standard applies only to headed bars with welded, threaded or forged heads. Material, manufacturing and testing requirements for the reinforcing bars shall be in accordance with other ASTM documents listed herein.1.1 This specification covers deformed steel reinforcing bars in cut lengths, with a head attached to one or both ends, for concrete reinforcement. Heads are forge-formed, machined from bar stock, or cut from plate. Attachment can be accomplished through:1.1.1 Welding;1.1.2 Integrally hot forging of a head from the reinforcing bar end;1.1.3 Internal threads in the head mating to threads on the bar end;1.1.4 Cold-swaging an externally threaded coupling sleeve onto the reinforcing bar;1.1.5 Cold-extruding an external coupling sleeve onto the reinforcing bar;1.1.6 Cold-swaging an external coupling sleeve or headed sleeve onto the reinforcing bar;1.1.7 Attaching a coupling sleeve to the end of the reinforcing bar by means of the means of a ferrous-filler medium; or1.1.8 Separate threaded nut to secure the head to the bar.NOTE 1: The requirements of this specification are only applicable to headed bars where the attachment of the head is accomplished by one of the methods listed in 1.1.1.2 Limitations on head dimensions and on obstructions and interruptions of bar deformations on the non-planar features on the bearing face of the head are presented in Annex A1. The requirements in Annex A1 only apply when specified by the purchaser (see 4.2.3).1.3 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units as Specification A970 or SI units as Specification A970M.1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the specification.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

Injuries to tendons or ligaments are frequently treated by surgery to repair the damaged tissues and facilitate the healing process. The potential of TEMPs to enhance the outcomes (including function, pain, anatomy) of the surgical repair has been recognized.Examples of tissues that when injured may be appropriate for repair using TEMPs: rotator cuff with a partial or full tear; Achilles tendon; Achilles tendon after harvesting for anterior cruciate ligament repair; patella tendon; patella tendon after harvesting for anterior cruciate ligament repair; quadriceps tendon; posterior cruciate ligament; medial collateral ligaments; lateral collateral ligaments; flexor tendons.TEMPs may be used with the intent to improve the surgical outcome of tendon or ligament repair by (a) assuming some of the mechanical load experienced at the repair site to stabilize the surgical repair, (b) improving the natural biological healing process, or (c) a combination of these mechanisms.TEMPs should improve clinical outcome. This may be accomplished by reducing or eliminating pain, returning function, shortening the recovery time following surgery, facilitating early mobility, improving return of strength, improving mobility, or other clinically relevant parameters.The mechanism used by TEMPs to improve surgical repair should be understood and this conclusion should be supported by experimental results and should be supportive of the primary function of the TEMP.TEMPs with the primary function of mechanical reinforcement may also have a secondary, biological function.When the product is used to improve the body’s natural biological repair process of tendons or ligaments, the product should allow cell attachment, migration, infiltration, extracellular matrix deposition and organization, formation of tendon or ligament repair tissue, integration with adjacent tendon, ligament or bone, tendon-bone attachment, or more than one of these actions.When the TEMP is used to provide a mechanical support of the surgical repair of a tendon or ligament, the product may provide enhanced mechanical properties of the repaired construct immediately after the surgery. Ideally, TEMPs would have mechanical properties similar to the uninjured native tissue being repaired. After surgery, the TEMP should limit the amount of tendon/ligament separation from the bone, or separation of the fractured ends of the tendon or ligament, or reduce the number of patients that have these as outcomes of the surgery. The TEMP may allow functionality to return to the repaired tendon or ligament in a shorter time than without the use of the product.1.1 This guide is intended as a resource for individuals and organizations involved in the development, production, and delivery of tissue engineered medical products (TEMPs) intended to provide a mechanical (functional) reinforcement of the surgical repair of tendons and ligaments.1.2 Surgical repair can include procedures that repair tendon to tendon, tendon to bone, tendon to muscle, ligament to ligament, and ligament to bone. In the context of this guide, a tendon is a fibrous cord or band that connects a muscle to a bone or other structure and consists of both dense collagenous fibers and rows of elongated tendon cells. In contrast, a ligament is a band or sheet of fibrous tissue connecting two or more bones, or cartilagenous structures.1.3 Examples of TEMPs for use in reinforcement of tendon or ligament repairs include extracellular matrices (including allograft tissue, xenograft tissue, and tissue engineered extracellular matrix), polymeric matrices, membranes, or combinations of two or more of these, with or without cells and/or molecular mediators, where the function is to reinforce the surgical repair of tendon to tendon, tendon to bone, tendon to muscle, ligament to ligament, or ligament to bone.1.4 The products may be rapidly degrading, slowly degrading, or non-degrading.1.5 The guide is not intended to apply to TEMPs that have a primary function to induce a biological repair through cell or molecular action, although biologic activity may be a feature of the TEMPs. Examples of products or product concepts that are not included are (a) growth factors or cytokines applied to a biologic or synthetic scaffold, and (b) platelet-enriched plasma applied to or within a biologic or polymeric scaffold, where the primary function of the product is biologic.1.6 The guide is not intended to apply to TEMPs that have a primary function to induce a chemical repair. An example of a product or product concept that would not be included would be a polymeric matrix containing reagents that glue collagenous tissues together.1.7 The guide is not intended to apply to TEMPs that are designed to be used to achieve primary surgical repair of injured tendons and ligaments.1.8 The guide is not intended to apply to TEMPs that are designed to replace tendons or ligaments.1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This specification covers materials in mat (or sheet) form fabricated from hot-rolled, plain steel bars or rods to be used for the reinforcement of concrete. Mats consist of two layers of bars or rods that are assembled by welding at right angles to each other. Welding shall be done in such a way that the minimum tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation requirements shall be met. Tension and shear tests shall be performed to meet the required strength and elongation properties and maximum size of a bar or rod material. A retest shall be performed when a specimen fails to meet the specified requirements. All tests and inspections shall be made at the place of fabrication prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified, and shall be so conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with fabricating operations.1.1 This specification covers material in mat (or sheet) form fabricated from hot-rolled, plain steel bars or rods to be used for the reinforcement of concrete. Mats are made from two layers of bars or rods that are assembled by welding the intersections at right angles to each other.1.2 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as A704) or in SI units [as A704M].1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with this specification.1.4 This specification does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this specification to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers deformed and plain low-alloy steel bars in cut lengths or coils for concrete reinforcement intended for applications. Restrictive mechanical properties and chemical composition are required for compatibility with controlled tensile property applications or to enhance weldability. The steel shall be electric-furnace, basic-oxygen, or open-hearth processed. Tension test, bend test, and one set of dimensional property tests including bar weight and spacing, height, and gap of deformations shall be made of each bar size rolled from a heat. All tests and inspection shall be made at the place of manufacture prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified, and shall be conducted so as not to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the works. A retest shall be provided when the specimen fails to meet the strength and elongation property requirements of the specification.1.1 General—This specification covers deformed and plain low-alloy steel bars in cut lengths and coils for concrete reinforcement intended for applications where restrictive mechanical properties and chemical composition are required for compatibility with controlled tensile property applications or to enhance weldability. The standard sizes and dimensions of deformed bars and their number designations are given in Table 1.1.2 Grade—Bars are of three minimum yield strength levels: namely, 60 000 psi [420 MPa], 80 000 psi [550 MPa], and 100 000 psi [690 MPa] designated as Grade 60 [420], Grade 80 [550], and Grade 100 [690], respectively.1.3 Plain bars, in sizes up to and including 21/2 in. [63.5 mm] in diameter in coils or cut lengths, when ordered, shall be furnished under this specification. For ductility properties (elongation and bending), test provisions of the nearest smaller nominal diameter deformed bar size shall apply. Requirements providing for deformations and marking shall not be applicable.1.4 Controlled Tensile Properties—This specification limits tensile properties (Table 2) to provide the desired yield/tensile properties for controlled tensile property applications.1.5 Welding—This specification limits chemical composition (6.2) and carbon equivalent (6.4) to enhance the weldability of the material. When this steel is to be welded, a welding procedure suitable for the chemical composition and intended use or service should be used. The use of the latest edition of AWS D1.4/D1.4M is recommended. The AWS D1.4/D1.4M Welding Code describes the proper selection of the filler metals, preheat/interpass temperatures, as well as, performance and procedure qualification requirements.NOTE 1: As a result of the 117 000 psi minimum tensile strength for Grade 100 [690], users of this specification should be aware that ACI 318 Type 1 mechanical splice requirements of 125 % of specified yield strength requirements in tension and compression, found in many acceptance criteria, may result in an invalid mechanical splice qualification or verification test when the tensile strength of the bar is between 117 000 psi and 125 000 psi.1.6 Annex A2 describes the methods for determination of uniform elongation (Elu). Annex A2 is mandatory when Supplementary Requirement S1 is specified by the purchaser (see 4.2.6).1.7 Requirements for alternate bar sizes are presented in Annex A1. The requirements in Annex A1 only apply when specified by the purchaser (see 4.2.5).1.8 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables, shall not be considered as requirements of this specification.1.9 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (Specification A706) or in SI units [Specification A706M].1.10 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with this specification.1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车