定价： 975元 / 折扣价： 829 元

5.1 This is a quality control test performed at the manufacturing plant to establish that the finished, shippable pipe meets the leakage limits stated in the specifications.1.1 This test method covers procedures for testing of precast concrete pipe sections, prior to delivery, where maximum field leakage rates are specified.1.2 Tests described in this standard are intended to be used at the point of manufacture of the concrete pipe and are not intended for testing installed pipe (for field tests see Practices C969 and C1214). The user of this specification is advised that individual or multiple pipe sections may be tested for the purpose of testing the pipe barrel and additionally the joints in straight alignment when multiple pipe sections are tested.1.3 Test times are based on leakage rates and therefore are proportional only to the pipe diameter and are constant for any length of test pipe or pipeline.1.4 Test times tabulated and the rate of air loss in this standard are based on successful testing of installed pipelines. However, since air and water have different physical properties, retests of some pipelines not meeting field air tests have been successful when tested with water. The leakage rates of 0.0017 CFM/ft2 and 0.0003 CFM/ft2, were determined empirically as the maximums for pipe to meet the 50 and 200 gal/(in. of internal diameter) (mile of sewer) (24h) test rates, respectively.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.NOTE 1: The availability of this test procedure for concrete pipe varies from location to location. Check with local supplier(s) for availability and recommendations.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 6 for specific safety precautions.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This is a quality test control performed at the manufacturing plant to establish that the finished, shippable pipe meets the leakage limits stated in the specifications.1.1 This test method covers procedures for testing of precast concrete pipe sections, prior to delivery, where maximum field leakage rates are specified.1.2 Tests described in this standard are intended to be used at the point of manufacture of the concrete pipe and are not intended for testing installed pipe (for field tests see Practices C969 and C1214). The user of this specification is advised that individual or multiple pipe sections may be tested for the purpose of testing the pipe barrel and additionally the joints in straight alignment when multiple pipe sections are tested.1.3 Test times are based on leakage rates and therefore are proportional only to the pipe diameter and are constant for any length of test pipe or pipeline.1.4 Test times tabulated and the rate of air loss in this standard are based on successful testing of installed pipelines. However, since air and water have different physical properties, retests of some pipelines not meeting field air tests have been successful when tested with water. The leakage rates of 0.0017 CFM/ft2 and 0.0003 CFM/ft2, were determined empirically as the maximums for pipe to meet the 50 and 200 gal/(in. of internal diameter) (mile of sewer) (24h) test rates, respectively1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.NOTE 1: The availability of this test procedure for concrete pipe varies from location to location. Check with local supplier(s) for availability and recommendations.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 6 for specific safety precautions.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This is not a routine test. The values recorded are applicable only to the sewer being tested and at the time of testing.1.1 This practice covers procedures for testing the joints of installed precast concrete pipe sewer lines, when using either air or water under low pressure to demonstrate the integrity of the joint and the construction procedures. This practice is used for testing precast concrete sewer lines utilizing rubber gasket sealed joints.NOTE 1: The user of this practice is advised that methods described herein may also be used as a preliminary test to enable the manufacturer or installer to demonstrate the condition of sewer pipe prior to delivery.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.NOTE 2: The owner shall specify the following: who will conduct, observe, and furnish labor, material, and measuring devices and pay for the tests; who is responsible for determining local ground conditions; and whether an air or water test is to be used.NOTE 3: The user of this practice is advised that test criteria presented in this practice are similar to those in general use. Pipe shall be accepted by infiltration or exfiltration testing utilizing Practice C969 (C969M).NOTE 4: Test times tabulated and the rate of air loss in this practice are based on successful testing of installed pipelines. However, since air and water have different physical properties, retests of some pipelines not meeting field air tests have been successful when tested with water.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautions are given in Section 6.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This is not a routine test. The values recorded are applicable only to the sewer being tested and at the time of testing.1.1 This practice covers procedures for testing the joints of installed precast concrete pipe sewer lines, when using either air or water under low pressure to demonstrate the integrity of the joint and the construction procedures. This practice is used for testing precast concrete sewer lines utilizing rubber gasket sealed joints.NOTE 1: The user of this practice is advised that methods described herein may also be used as a preliminary test to enable the manufacturer or installer to demonstrate the condition of sewer pipe prior to delivery.1.2 This practice is the SI companion of Practice C1103.NOTE 2: The owner shall specify the following: who will conduct, observe, and furnish labor, material, and measuring devices and pay for the tests; who is responsible for determining local ground conditions; and whether an air or water test is to be used.NOTE 3: The user of this practice is advised that test criteria presented in this practice are similar to those in general use. Pipe shall be accepted by infiltration or exfiltration testing utilizing Practice C969M.NOTE 4: Test times tabulated and the rate of air loss in this standard are based on successful testing of installed pipelines. However, since air and water have different physical properties, retests of some pipelines not meeting field air tests have been successful when tested with water.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety precautions are given in Section 6.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This practice describes the procedures involved in the structural reinforcement, sealing, protection, and rehabilitation of sanitary sewer manholes by the application of a prepackaged protective cementitious liner system to all cleaned interior surface from the bottom of the frame to the bench. The manholes to which the cementitious liner shall be applied may be made of brick, concrete, block, and various other materials. Detailed descriptions are given for all prepackaged materials necessary for this practice that include materials for substrate repairs, cementitious repair materials, infiltration water control materials, cementitious water control materials, chemical grout materials, and lining materials. Detailed descriptions are also provided for each procedure involved here which includes surface preparation, high pressure cleaning, surface repair, mixing of prepackaged cementitious repair materials, spray application of the cement liner by manual surface sealing or centrifugal cast process, and curing of the freshly applied cementitious mortar.1.1 This specification describes all the work required to structurally reinforce, seal, and protect sanitary sewer manholes. Applications include applying a prepackaged cementitious liner that can function as a full depth restoration or a partial depth repair. A uniform high-strength, fiber-reinforced cementitious mortar should be manually sprayed and hand troweled or centrifugally cast in a uniform, prescribed thickness to all cleaned, interior surfaces from the bottom of the frame to the bench. The cementitious liner may be applied to manholes constructed of brick, concrete, block, and various other materials.1.2 A manufacturer’s approved applicator shall furnish the complete application of the protective, prepackaged cementitious liner material. All of the cleaning, preparation, and application procedures shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Manholes are permit required confined spaces in accordance with OSHA definition and should be treated as such, requiring confined space entry permits, appropriate monitoring equipment, and the associated personal protective equipment.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers the requirements, test methods, and materials for 4 to 36-in. diameter poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) corrugated pipes, joints, and fittings that consist of an outer corrugated wall fused to a smooth inner wall, and are suitable for underground use in nonpressure applications for sanitary sewers, storm sewers, and perforated and unperforated pipes for subdrainage. When evaluated by the test procedures enumerated herein, the products shall conform to dimensional and performance requirements as specified for pipe stiffness, flattening resistance, impact strength, extrusion quality, heat reversion, bond strength, and joint tightness.1.1 This specification covers requirements, test methods, and materials for 4 to 48 in. diameter poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) corrugated pipe with a smooth interior. This profile wall pipe consists of an outer corrugated wall fused to a smooth inner wall providing pipe stiffness levels of 46 psi and 115 psi. Joints and fittings are included in this specification.1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide pipe and fittings suitable for underground use in nonpressure applications for sanitary sewers, storm sewers, and perforated and unperforated pipes for subdrainage.NOTE 1: Industrial waste disposal lines should be installed only with the specific approval of the cognizant code authority, since chemicals not commonly found in drains and sewers and temperatures in excess of 140 °F (60 °C) may be encountered.1.3 Pipe and fittings produced to this specification shall be installed in accordance with Practice D2321.NOTE 2: For perforated pipe applications, the size of the embedment zone and permeability of the embedment material are important to the system's ability to provide the desired level of infiltration or exfiltration. The gradation of the embedment material must be compatible with the perforation slot size to avoid backfill migration into the pipe.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

4.1 This practice is for use by designers and specifiers, regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations who are involved in the rehabilitation of sewer service laterals and its connection to the main through the use of a resin-impregnated tube installed within an existing sewer lateral. As for any practice, modifications may be required for specific job conditions.1.1 This practice covers requirements and test methods for the reconstruction of a sewer service lateral pipe having an inner diameter of 3 to 12 in. (7.6 to 30.5 cm) and its connection to the main pipe having an inner diameter of 6 to 24 in. (15.2 to 61.0 cm) and up the lateral a maximum of 150 ft (46 m) without excavation. The lateral pipe is accessed remotely from the main pipe and from a lateral access point. This will be accomplished by the installation of a resin impregnated one-piece main and lateral cured-in-place lining (MLCIPL) by means of air inflation and inversion. The MLCIPL is pressed against the host pipe by pressurizing a bladder and is held in place until the thermoset resins have cured. When cured, the MLCIPL shall be a continuous, one piece, tight fitting, corrosion resistant lining extending over a predetermined length of the lateral pipe and the adjacent section of the main pipe, providing a verifiable non-leaking structural connection and seal.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 There is no similar or equivalent ISO Standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers test methods and requirements for dual wall polypropylene pipe and fittings. These requirements are intended to provide pipe and fittings suitable for underground use for nonpressure storm sewer systems. This specification also covers pipe and fittings with an interior smooth wall and an annular corrugated profile outer wall.1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for dual wall polypropylene pipe and fittings. The nominal inside diameters covered are 12 to 60 in. [300 to 1500 mm].1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide pipe and fittings suitable for underground use for non-pressure storm sewer systems. Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specification shall be installed in compliance with Practice D2321.1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with an interior smooth wall and an annular corrugated profile outer wall (Fig. 1).FIG. 1 Interior Smooth Wall and an Annular Corrugated Profile Outer Wall1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 The following precautionary statement caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers flexible leak resistant joints for concrete gravity flow sewer pipes using rubber gaskets for sealing the joints, where measurable or defined infiltration or exfiltration is a factor of the design. The gasket shall be fabricated from a rubber compound, the basic polymer of which shall be natural rubber, synthetic rubber, or a blend of both. Gaskets shall be manufactured in the specified design sizes and dimensions, conforming to both circular cross-section or "O-ring" gaskets, and non-circular cross-sections or "profile" gaskets. The joints shall also be made to meet design requirements as to confined circular cross-section and non-circular cross-section gasket joint designs. Volume, non-circular shape stretch height, and length of the manufactured gaskets shall be determined, while, the joints shall be evaluated according to their performances in hydrostatic and structural tests. The finished products shall be handled, stored, inspected, and marked appropriately.1.1 This specification covers flexible leak resistant joints for concrete gravity flow sewer pipe using rubber gaskets for sealing the joints, where measurable or defined infiltration or exfiltration is a factor of the design. The specification covers the design of joints and the requirements for rubber gaskets to be used therewith, for pipe conforming in all other respects to Specifications C14, C76, C655, C985, and C1417, provided that, if there is conflict in permissible variations in dimension, the requirements of this specification shall govern for joints.NOTE 1: Infiltration or exfiltration quantities for an installed pipeline are dependent upon many factors other than the joints, and allowable quantities must be covered by other specifications and suitable testing of the installed pipeline and system. This specification covers the design, material, and performance of the rubber gasket joint only. Joints covered by this specification are for hydrostatic pressures up to 13 psi without leakage, when plant tested in accordance with Section 10.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 Hydraulic cleaning methods include equipment that uses water and water velocity to clean the invert and walls of the vitrified clay sewer pipe.4.2 The practice of high-velocity sewer cleaning is best described as a hydraulic cleaning method that uses water pressure to remove obstructions and deposits in sewers or storm drains.4.3 There are different configurations of high-velocity sewer cleaning machines. These units have the capability of generating variable water pressures up to 3500 psi (24 MPa) and variable flow rates of 50-125 gal per min (gpm) (180-473 L per min).4.4 The water tank capacity on these units varies from 1000-1500 gal (3785-5678 L).4.5 The hose lengths vary between 500 and 1000 ft (152 and 305 m) in length with a diameter of 3/4- 11/4 in. NPT.4.6 There are number of different nozzles and tools that may be used during the cleaning process.4.7 Some high-velocity sewer cleaners have a vacuum conveyance system that use large fans or positive displacement vacuum pumps for material removal capabilities. With this type of system, material can be vacuumed from the manhole into a debris tank as it is brought back with the jet or tool and taken to a disposal area. These systems can be either trailer or truck mounted and are generally known as combination machines.4.8 The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set guidelines for the safe removal of hazardous and nonhazardous substances as stated in OSHA Section 5 of Public Law 91-596; OSHA 29 USC 654; 29 CFR 1910.120; as well as DOT CFR Parts 106-7, 171-180, and 390-397.1.1 This practice covers the personnel requirements, operator training, operating procedures, and recommended equipment performance/design for the proper operation of pressure water-jet cleaning and cutting equipment as normally used by municipalities and contractors tasked with operations, maintenance, cleaning, and pre-rehabilitation cleaning work of vitrified clay mainline sewer pipe.1.2 The term “high-pressure water jetting” covers all water jetting, including the use of jets and hydromechanical tooling at pressures above 2000 psig (0.69 MPa).1.3 This practice covers the “high-pressure water jetting” of vitrified clay pipe and should not be applied to other pipe and pipe lining materials without evaluating the recommended cleaning procedure from the manufacturer to avoid damage.1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers the material, dimensional, and mechanical requirements, and associated test methods for fabricated or molded poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) gasketed sewer fittings manufactured from pipe, or from a combination of pipe and injection molded parts, or from injection molded parts that are suitable for non-pressure drainage of sewage and surface water, as well as applications involving subsurface drainage. The fittings shall adhere to specified values for outside diameter, wall thickness, socket length, and spigot length. When evaluated according to the test procedures provided herein, the fittings shall meet specified requirements for impact strength, pipe stop load support, internal stress, and branch bending. The products shall also undergo referee testing and quality control tests.1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for fabricated or molded poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) gasketed sewer fittings to be used with piping manufactured to Specifications D3034, F679, F891 or F1760. Fabricated fittings may be manufactured from pipe, or from a combination of pipe and injection molded parts, or from injection molded parts. Gasketed sewer fitting configurations may include one or more spigot outlets.1.2 The requirements of this specification are to provide fabricated or molded PVC gasketed fittings suitable for non-pressure drainage of sewage and surface water, as well as applications involving subsurface drainage.NOTE 1: Industrial waste lines should be installed only with the specific approval of the governing code authority when using chemicals not commonly found in drains and sewers or temperatures in excess of 140 °F (60 °C), or both.1.3 Fittings produced to this specification are intended to be installed with pipe, in accordance with Practice D2321.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test method portion only, Section 10, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers joints for plastic pipe systems intended for drain, and gravity sewerage pipe at internal or external pressures less than a certain ft. head using flexible watertight elastomeric seals. The joints are classified into two types based on effecting watertightness through compression of an elastomeric seal or ring: push-on-joint is a joint in which an elastomeric ring gasket is compressed in the annular space between a bell end or socket and a spigot end of pipe and mechanical joint is a joint made using mechanical means or devices to develop a pressure seal. Joints shall not leak when subjected to the internal and external hydrostatic tests. All surfaces of the joint upon or against which the gasket bears shall be smooth and free of cracks, fractures, or imperfections. The gasket shall be the sole element depended upon to make the joint flexible and watertight. The gasket shall be a continuous elastomeric ring. In mechanical joints, the pipe spigot shall have a wall thickness sufficient to withstand, without deformation or collapse, the compressive force exerted when the fitting is tightened. Some joint designs provide for the angular deflection of a pipe joint, without reducing watertightness. Where greater deflections are required than permitted by the joint design, suitable fittings must be provided. The joint components shall be of such design that they will withstand the forces caused by the compression of the gasket when joined without cracking or fracturing when tested. Dimensions of joint components and gaskets shall meet the requirements specified. Test methods such as internal pressure test and vacuum test shall be performed.1.1 This specification covers joints for plastic pipe systems intended for drain, and gravity sewerage pipe at internal or external pressures less than 25-ft head using flexible watertight elastomeric seals. This specification is intended to cover the test requirements, test methods, and acceptable materials. The test methods described for the joints are not intended to be routine quality control tests but to be reliability or performance requirements.1.2 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, paragraph 7.5, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

3.1 The testing of sewers for leaks is a regular practice necessary for the maintenance and optimal performance of sewer collection systems so remedial action can be prioritized, designed, and carried out to reduce infiltration and exfiltration.3.2 This practice serves as a means to detect and locate all types of pipe defects that are potential sources of water leaks either into or out of electrically non-conducting pipes. Leaking joints and defective service connections are detected that often may not show as a defect when viewed from inside the pipe. The scan data may be processed and analyzed to provide some information on the size and type of pipe defect. (8.4.1)3.3 This practice applies to mainline and lateral gravity flow storm sewers, sanitary sewers, and combined sewers fabricated from electrically non-conducting material with diameters between 3 and 60 in. (75 and 1500 mm). The pipes must be free of obstructions that prevent the probe passing through the pipe.1.1 This practice covers procedures for measuring the variation of electric current flow to detect and locate potential pipe leaks in pipes fabricated from electrically nonconductive materials such as brick, clay, concrete, and plastic pipes (that is, reinforced and non-reinforced). The method uses the variation of electric current flow through the pipe wall to locate defects that are potential water leakage paths either into or out of the pipe.1.2 This practice applies to mainline and lateral gravity flow storm sewers, sanitary sewers, and combined sewers with diameters between 3 and 60 in. (75 and 1500 mm). The pipes must be free of obstructions that prevent the probe passing through the pipe.1.3 The scanning process requires access to sewers, filling sewers, and operations along roadways that are safety hazards. This standard does not describe the hazards likely to be encountered or the safety procedures that must be carried out when operating in these hazardous environments. (7.1.3) There are no safety hazards specifically associated with the use of an electro-scan apparatus that complies with the specifications provided in this standard. (6.7 and 6.10.)1.4 The measurement of the variation of electric current requires the insertion of various items into a sewer. There is always a risk that due to unknown structural conditions in the sewer such items may become lodged in the pipe or may cause the state of a sewer in poor structural condition to further deteriorate. This standard does not describe methods to assess the structural risk of a sewer.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

3.1 The significance of the LCA method is that it is a comprehensive technique for taking into account all relevant monetary values over the project design life and provides a measure of the total cost of the material, system, or structure.3.2 The LCA method can be effectively applied in both the preconstruction and bid stages of projects. After bids are taken, real costs can be used instead of estimates.1.1 This practice covers procedures for least cost (life cycle) analysis (LCA) of materials, systems, or structures proposed for use in the construction of concrete culvert, storm sewer, and sanitary sewer systems.NOTE 1: As intended in this practice, examples of analyses include, but are not limited to the following: (1) materials-pipe linings and coatings, concrete wall thicknesses, cements, additives, etc.; (2) systems-circular pipe, box sections, multiple lines, force mains, etc.; and (3) structures-wet and dry wells, pump and lift stations, etc.1.2 The LCA method includes costs associated with planning, engineering, construction (bid price), maintenance, rehabilitation, replacement, and cost deductions for any residual value at the end of the proposed project design life.1.3 For each material, system, or structure, the LCA method determines in present value constant dollars, the total of all initial and future costs over the project design life, and deducts any residual value.1.4 Major factors in the LCA method include project design life, service life, and relevant interest and inflation rates.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车