定价： 345元 / 折扣价： 294 元 加购物车

定价： 260元 / 折扣价： 221 元 加购物车

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元 加购物车

定价： 260元 / 折扣价： 221 元 加购物车

3.1 This test method is useful in determining the relative anti-swelling efficiency of various water-repellent formulations when applied to wood. It is the initial means of estimating the ability of water-repellent treated wood to perform satisfactorily when exposed to liquid water environments.3.2 The swelling differences of untreated wood species when subjected to water immersion can also be determined by this test method.3.3 This method is a basic screening test and thus provides an initial determination of the anti-swelling efficiency of water repellents. It is a qualitative method designed to provide a reproducible means of establishing: (1) the anti-swelling efficiency of water-repellent formulations, and (2) the relative swelling of untreated wood species when both are exposed to liquid water environments.1.1 This test method is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of water-repellent compositions for retarding dimensional changes in coated wood submerged in water. It can also be used to measure the differential swelling of untreated wood when exposed to liquid water environments. The compositions tested are designed to be mixed until uniform and applied by brush, roller, dip or spray to an exterior wood surface.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

4.1 These tests are particularly useful for quality control in the production of synthetic rubbers.4.2 Percent gel is a measure of the amount of insoluble rubber present in the chosen solvent. Gel may be introduced intentionally in some rubbers. Variations from a normal level indicate changes in the polymerization system.4.3 Swelling index is a measure of the type of gel. Gel with a low-swelling index is referred to as “hard gel” and usually indicates the presence of material that does not break down readily by milling. A high-swelling index normally indicates the presence of a “loose gel” that may be broken down easily by milling.4.4 In low-gel or gel-free rubbers, the DSV correlates directly with the molecular weight. Since the viscosity is measured only on the soluble portion of the rubber, the use of DSV to predict molecular weight in rubbers having high gel values is meaningless.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dilute solution viscosity (DSV), the gel characteristics, and the swelling index of raw non-oil-extended and non-pigmented SBR and NBR.1.2 This test method may be used to determine the DSV and gel characteristics of rubbers other than SBR and NBR, however, solvents other than 2-butanone and toluene may be required.1.3 This test method is not intended for the measurement of micro-gel.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Values of the dilatation properties of coals may be used to predict or explain the behavior of a coal or blends during carbonization or in other processes such as gasification, liquefaction, and combustion.1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for the measurement of the swelling of bituminous coal using a dilatometer.1.2 The test method is limited in applicability to those coals which have a free swelling index ≥1 as determined in accordance with Test Method D720.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Information regarding the percentage of immature fibers is desirable because immature fibers: (1) break easily during processing; (2) have a tendency to form neps; (3) have a tendency to become entangled around particles of trash and leaf, thus making cleaning more difficult and increasing the amount of fiber removed with foreign matter; (4) adversely affect yarn and fabric appearance; and (5) may appear differently after dyeing.5.2 Maturity has a high positive correlation with linear density, but genetic differences and differences in wall thickness caused by plant diseases, soil, and water conditions during the growing season interfere with this relationship. Thus two cottons having the same linear density, or having the same average wall thickness as indicated by air-flow instruments, may vary greatly in maturity, that is, a cotton having extremely variable wall thickness may contain more immature fibers than another cotton of the same Micronaire reading composed of fibers having very uniform wall thickness.5.3 The Sodium Hydroxide Swelling (Procedure 1) has been used in judging other maturity tests such as the Causticaire and the differential dye methods, in which the individual fibers are not examined.5.4 Finer distinctions between different degrees of fiber wall development can be made with the Polarized Light procedure than with the Sodium Hydroxide Swelling procedure. The Polarized Light procedure gives a view of the fiber in its natural state so that fibrillar structure, striations, reversals, etc., are clearly visible as are growth abnormalities and variations in wall thickness. This method may be preferred by botanists, geneticists, and plant physiologists, while the Sodium Hydroxide Swelling procedure may be preferred for routine testing of large numbers of samples. Technicians are more easily trained for the latter method. Arbitrary classification as to maturity must be made with both methods.5.5 This method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing because between laboratory precision can be poor. In some cases the purchaser and seller may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific material by an appropriate method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments. In such a case, if there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, ensure the test samples to be used are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from which the disparate test result were obtained, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percentage of mature fibers in a sample of loose, chemically untreated cotton fibers, whether taken before processing or unravelled from a textile product.1.2 This test method gives two optional procedures for determining maturity, as follows:1.2.1 Procedure 1—Sodium Hydroxide Swelling.1.2.2 Procedure 2—Polarized Light.NOTE 1: For other test methods for the determination of maturity of cotton fibers refer to Test Methods D1464 and D2480.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measure are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

3.1 This test method, in addition to indicating the caking properties of a coal when burned as a fuel, can be used to give a broad indication of the degree of oxidation of a coal.1.1 This test method2 is a small-scale, empirical test for obtaining information regarding the free-swelling properties of a coal. The results may be used as an indication of the caking characteristic of the coal when burned as a fuel. This test is not recommended as a method for the determination of expansion of coals in coke ovens.1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or non-SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车