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3.1 Low temperatures are often needed for conditioning of rubber prior to testing, as well as during the test. Conditioning is required to attain a specific temperature that is uniform throughout the specimen or for producing time-dependent effects. Specimens may be conditioned and tested in the same or different chambers.3.2 This practice is intended to apply particularly, but not exclusively, to the following ASTM Standards: Test Methods D746, D945, D1053, D1229, D1329, D1415, D2136, D2137, D2240, D2632, Practice D832, and Specification E197.1.1 This practice covers the general requirements for achieving and maintaining temperatures below 21°C for thermal conditioning and physical testing of rubber.1.2 This practice describes the acceptable types and construction of low-temperature cabinets for conditioning and testing of rubber, the composition and circulation of heat-transfer media, and the required uniformity and precision of temperature control.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Differential scanning calorimetry and differential thermal analysis provide a rapid method for determining the fusion and crystallization temperatures of crystalline materials.5.2 This test is useful for quality control, specification acceptance, and research.1.1 This test method describes the determination of melting (and crystallization) temperatures of pure materials by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and differential thermal analysis (DTA).1.2 This test method is generally applicable to thermally stable materials with well-defined melting temperatures.1.3 The normal operating range is from −120 to 600°C for DSC and 25 to 1500°C for DTA. The temperature range can be extended depending upon the instrumentation used.1.4 Computer or electronic based instruments, techniques, or data treatment equivalent to those in this test method may be used.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

4.1 The compressive strength or crush-extrusion resistance of a gasket material is a major factor with regard to the selection of a given material for use in a particular sealing application. The significance of the test method is based, in part, on the assumption that a material, once it has been crushed or extruded, will no longer function as effectively as a seal. This assumption can only be used as a guide, however, since exact yield or failure points are difficult to define for gasket materials (which are usually viscoelastic in nature). Two or more materials can be compared to determine differences in their resistance to compressive stress. A sample of material can be compared to an established standard or previously determined characteristics on original lots of the same material, for quality assurance purposes. See 6.2 for discussion of specimen area and geometry effects.1.1 This test method covers the determination of compressive strength characteristics (crush-extrusion resistance) of gasket materials at elevated temperature.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 618元 加购物车

定价： 515元 加购物车

3.1 Measuring the modulus of rupture of refractories at elevated temperatures has become a widely accepted means to evaluate materials at service temperatures. Many consumer companies have specifications based on this type of test.3.2 This test method is limited to furnaces operating under oxidizing conditions. However, with modifications for atmosphere control in other test furnaces, the major criteria of this test procedure may be employed without change.3.3 This test method is designed for progressive application of a force or stress on a specimen supported as a simple beam with center-point loading. Test apparatus designed for the progressive application of a strain may yield different results, especially since refractory materials will reach a semiplastic state at elevated temperatures where Hooke's law does not apply, that is, stress is then not proportional to strain.3.4 This test method applies to fired dense refractory brick and shapes, chemically bonded brick and shapes, shapes formed from castables, plastics, or ramming materials, and any other refractory that can be formed to the required specimen dimension.1.1 This test method covers determination of the high-temperature modulus of rupture of refractory brick or monolithic refractories in an oxidizing atmosphere and under action of a force or stress that is increased at a constant rate.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车