定价： 819元 / 折扣价： 697 元

定价： 975元 / 折扣价： 829 元

定价： 819元 / 折扣价： 697 元 加购物车

定价： 689元 / 折扣价： 586 元

This specification covers particulate glass (cullet material) recovered from waste destined for disposal, smaller than 6 mm intended for reuse as a raw material in the manufacture of glass containers. Flint glass cullet is a particulate glass material that contains no more than 0.1 weight % Fe2O3, or 0.0015 weight % Cr2O3, as determined by chemical analysis. The color mix for amber, flint, green and other color glass cullet shall conform to the prescribed mix.1.1 This specification covers particulate glass (cullet material, recovered from waste destined for disposal, smaller than 6 mm intended for reuse as a raw material in the manufacture of glass containers.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method describes a physical property of solid waste in processing facilities, a property that characterizes the solid waste streams and hence the operation of resource recovery separators and processors.5.2 The bulk density is an important property for the design of materials handling equipment, separators, and processors.5.3 In this test method, bulk density is not considered an absolute material property as is the density of individual particles of a material. The measured bulk density here depends on the size of the container, the moisture content of the “as tested” material, and how the material is loaded into the container. For example, the bulk density of material placed loosely in a container will be less than that of material tamped into a container. Also, some materials placed loosely in a container will settle with time due to its own weight; thus, its bulk density will increase. As written, the “as tested” waste sample may or may not be dried prior to testing, so that calculated bulk density includes the moisture associated with the “as tested” material.1.1 This test method may be used to determine the bulk density of various fractions from the resource recovery processing of municipal solid waste. It is intended as a means of characterizing such fractions and for providing data useful to designers of solid waste processing plants.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

1.1 This test method is used to determine the degree and rate of aerobic biodegradation of plastic materials exposed to a controlled composting environment. Aerobic composting takes place in an environment where temperature, aeration, and humidity are closely monitored and controlled. 1.2 The test is designed to determine the biodegradability of plastic materials, relative to that of a standard material, in an aerobic environment. Aeration of the test reactors is maintained at a constant rate throughout the test and reactor vessels of a size no greater than 4-L volume are used to ensure that the temperature of the vessels is approximately the same as that of the controlled environment chamber. 1.3 Biodegradability of the plastic is assessed by determining the amount of weight loss from samples exposed to a biologically active compost relative to the weight loss from samples exposed to a "poisoned" control. 1.4 The test is designed to be applicable to all plastic materials that are not inhibitory to the bacteria and fungi present in the simulated Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1- There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 Segmented gamma-ray scanning provides a nondestructive means of measuring the nuclide content of scrap and waste where the specific nature of the matrix and the chemical form and relationship between the nuclide and matrix may be unknown.5.2 The procedure can serve as a diagnostic tool that provides a vertical profile of transmission and nuclide concentration within the item.5.3 Item preparation is generally limited to good waste/scrap segregation practices that produce relatively homogeneous items that are required for any successful waste/inventory management and assay scheme, regardless of the measurement method used. Also, process knowledge should be used, when available, as part of a waste management program to complement information on item parameters, container properties, and the appropriateness of calibration factors.5.4 To obtain the lowest detection levels, a two-pass assay should be used. The two-pass assay also reduces problems related to potential interferences between transmission peaks and assay peaks. For items with higher activities, a single-pass assay may be used to increase throughput.1.1 This test method covers the transmission-corrected nondestructive assay (NDA) of gamma-ray emitting special nuclear materials (SNMs), most commonly 235U, 239Pu, and 241Am, in low-density scrap or waste, packaged in cylindrical containers. The method can also be applied to NDA of other gamma-emitting nuclides including fission products. High-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy is used to detect and measure the nuclides of interest and to measure and correct for gamma-ray attenuation in a series of horizontal segments (collimated gamma detector views) of the container. Corrections are also made for counting losses occasioned by signal processing limitations (1-3).21.2 There are currently several systems in use or under development for determining the attenuation corrections for NDA of radioisotopic materials (4-8). A related technique, tomographic gamma-ray scanning (TGS), is not included in this test method (9, 10, 11).1.2.1 This test method will cover two implementations of the Segmented Gamma Scanning (SGS) procedure: (1) Isotope Specific (Mass) Calibration, the original SGS procedure, uses standards of known radionuclide masses to determine detector response in a mass versus corrected count rate calibration that applies only to those specific radionuclides for which it is calibrated, and (2) Efficiency Curve Calibration, an alternative method, typically uses non-SNM radionuclide sources to determine system detection efficiency vs. gamma energy and thereby calibrate for all gamma-emitting radionuclides of interest (12).1.2.1.1 Efficiency Curve Calibration, over the energy range for which the efficiency is defined, has the advantage of providing calibration for many gamma-emitting nuclides for which half-life and gamma emission intensity data are available.1.3 The assay technique may be applicable to loadings up to several hundred grams of nuclide in a 208-L [55-gal] drum, with more restricted ranges to be applicable depending on specific packaging and counting equipment considerations.1.4 Measured transmission values must be available for use in calculation of segment-specific attenuation corrections at the energies of analysis.1.5 A related method, SGS with calculated correction factors based on item content and density, is not included in this standard.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 The principal use of this standard is in the identification of effective groundwater monitoring constituents for a detection-monitoring program. The significance of the guide is to minimize the false positive rate for the facility by only monitoring those constituents that are intrinsic to the waste mass and eliminate those constituents that are present in background in concentrations that confound evaluation from downgradient wells.5.2 Governing regulations require large generic lists of constituents to be monitored in an effort to detect a release from a WMU. However, identification and selection of parameters based on site-specific physical and chemical conditions are in many cases also acceptable to regulatory agencies and result in a more effective and environmentally protective groundwater monitoring system.5.2.1 Naturally occurring soil and groundwater constituents within and near a WMU area should be determined prior to the development of a monitoring program. This is important in the selection of site-specific constituents lists and avoiding difficulties with a regulatory authority regarding sources of monitored constituents.5.2.2 Site-specific lists of constituents relative to the WMU will provide for the regulator those constituents which will effectively measure the performance of a WMU rather than the use of a generic list that could include naturally occurring constituents as well as those not present in the WMU.5.3 Site-specific constituent lists often result in fewer monitored constituents (that is, monitoring programs are optimized). This process is critical to the overall success of the monitoring program for the following reasons:5.3.1 The reduction of the monitoring constituents to only those found or expected to be found or derived from site-specific source material will reduce the number of false-positive results since only those parameters that could indicate a release are monitored.5.3.2 The use of constituents that contrast significantly to background groundwater eliminates those that could lead to erroneous results merely due to temporal and spatial variability of components found in the natural geochemistry of the upper-most water-bearing zone.5.3.3 Where statistics are required, fewer statistical comparisons through well and constituent optimization enhances the statistical power (or effectiveness) of the monitoring program (Gibbons, 1994; USEPA, April 1998).5.3.4 Eliminating the cost of unnecessary laboratory analyses produces a more efficient and cost-effective monitoring program and minimizes the effort needed by both the local enforcement agency and the owner/operator to respond (either with correspondence or additional field/laboratory efforts) to erroneous detection decisions.5.4 This type of approach is acceptable to regulatory agencies arid applicable under most groundwater monitoring programs.NOTE 1: For example, in the United States, determining the alternate constituent list at Solid Waste Facilities, 40 CFR 258.54(a)(l) allows for deletion of 40 CFR 258 Appendix I constituents if it can be shown that the removed constituents are not reasonably expected to be in or derived from the waste contained in the unit. 40 CFR 258(a)(2) allows approved States to establish an alternate list of inorganic parameters in lieu of all or some of the heavy metals (constituents 1-14 in Appendix I to Part 258), if the alternative constituents provide a reliable indication of inorganic releases from the unit to groundwater.5.5 The framework for this standard is generally based on the guidelines established under 40 CFR 258.54(a)(l) to optimize a groundwater-monitoring network in such a manner as to still provide an early warning system of a release from the WMU. This guidance document is, however, applicable for most WMU, not just those associated with solid waste disposal facilities. In determining the alternative constituents, consideration must be made for: (1) the types, quantities, and concentrations of constituents in wastes managed at the waste management unit (or WMU); (2) the mobility, stability, and persistence of waste constituents in the unsaturated zone beneath the WMU; (3) the detectability of indicator parameters, waste constituents, and reaction products in groundwater; and (4) the concentration or contrast between monitoring constituents in leachate and in background groundwater.5.6 An essential factor in this guide is the knowledge of the quality of the potential source material [for example, the types and concentrations of liquid or other leachable wastes (that is, leachate) within the WMU]. The characterization of the source material is critical in determining an optimum set of indicator parameters that provide an early warning system of a release from the unit. Details for the appropriate levels of effort to characterize the waste stream or source(s) in the WMU are not included within this guidance document. Waste stream and/or source data collected by the owner/operator as well as liquid data from key collection points (that is, sumps or natural gravity drain collection points) are an integral part of any waste characterization process.5.7 Another key factor to be used in this guide is knowledge of background quality of groundwater unaffected by the WMU and knowledge of local sources other than the WMU that may presently be impacting groundwater quality. The main objective then is to choose those constituents that are derived from the WMU (for example, are present in the leachate or residual liquids) at much higher concentrations than groundwater and/or that are only present in the waste or waste residuum (for example, leachate) and absent in groundwater. The analytes chosen must also be mobile, persistent, and easily quantifiable in the specific hydrogeologic and groundwater regime.1.1 This standard provides a general method of selecting effective constituents for detection monitoring programs at Waste Disposal Facilities. The process described in this standard presents a methodology that takes into consideration physical and chemical characteristics of the source material(s), the surrounding hydrogeologic regime, and site-specific geochemistry to identify and select those parameters that provide most effective detection of a potential release from a waste management unit (WMU).1.2 In the following sections, details of an evaluation of effective monitoring constituents for a groundwater detection-monitoring program were based on site-specific waste characterization.1.3 The statistical methodology described in the following sections should be used as guidance. Other methods may also be appropriate based on site-specific conditions or for monitoring situations or media that are not presented in this standard.1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education, experience and professional judgements. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word standard in the title of this document only means that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The vapor hydration test can be used to study the corrosion of glass and glass ceramic waste forms under conditions of high temperature and contact by water vapor or thin films of water. This method may serve as an accelerated test for some materials, since the high temperatures will accelerate thermally activated processes. A wide range of test temperatures have been reported in the literature –40°C (Ebert et al, 2005 (3), for example) to 300°C (Vienna et al, 2001 (4), for example). It should be noted that with increased test temperature comes the possibility of changing the corrosion rate determining mechanism and the types of phases formed upon alteration from those that occur in the disposal environment (Vienna et al, 2001 (4)).5.2 The vapor hydration test can be used as a screening test to determine the propensity of waste forms to alter and for relative comparisons in alteration rates between waste forms.1.1 The vapor hydration test method can be used to study the corrosion of a waste forms such as glasses and glass ceramics2 upon exposure to water vapor at elevated temperatures. In addition, the alteration phases that form can be used as indicators of those phases that may form under repository conditions. These tests; which allow altering of glass at high surface area to solution volume ratio; provide useful information regarding the alteration phases that are formed, the disposition of radioactive and hazardous components, and the alteration kinetics under the specific test conditions. This information may be used in performance assessment (McGrail et al, 2002 (1)3 for example).1.2 This test method must be performed in accordance with all quality assurance requirements for acceptance of the data.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

4.1 This guide is intended to provide guidance for sampling waste piles. It can be used to obtain samples for waste characterization related to use, treatment, or disposal; to monitor an active pile; to prepare for closure of the waste pile; or to investigate the contents of an abandoned pile.4.2 Techniques used to sample include both in-place evaluations of the pile and physically removing a sample. In-place evaluations include techniques such as remote sensing, on-site gas analysis, and permeability.4.3 Sampling strategy for waste piles is dependent on the following:4.3.1 Project objectives, including acceptable levels of error when making decisions;4.3.2 Physical characteristics of the pile, such as its size and configuration, access to all parts of it, and the stability of the pile;4.3.3 Process that generated the waste and the waste characteristics, such as hazardous chemical or physical properties, whether the waste consists of sludges, dry powders, granules or larger grained materials, and the heterogeneity of the wastes;4.3.4 History of the pile, including dates of generation, methods of handling and transport, and current management methods;4.3.5 Regulatory considerations, such as regulatory classification and characterization data; and4.3.6 Limits and bias of sampling methods, including bias that may be introduced by waste heterogeneity, sampling design, and sampling equipment.4.4 It is recommended that this guide be used in conjunction with Guide D4687, which addresses sampling design, quality assurance, general sampling considerations, preservation and containerization, cleaning equipment, packaging, and chain of custody.4.5 A case history of the investigation of a waste pile is included in Appendix X1.1.1 This guide provides guidance for obtaining representative samples from waste piles. Guidance is provided for site evaluation, sampling design, selection of equipment, and data interpretation.1.2 Waste piles include areas used primarily for waste storage or disposal, including above-grade dry land disposal units. This guide can be applied to sampling municipal waste piles.1.3 This guide addresses how the choice of sampling design and sampling methods depends on specific features of the pile.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4.1 Exception—The inch-pound units in parentheses are included for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers requirements for polyvinylidene drainage systems for corrosive applications. Requirements for material, pipe and fittings are included. Polyvinylidene fluoride includes emulsion/suspension polymerization and copolymers of vinylidene fluoride/hexafluoropropylene produced by either method. These requirements apply to Schedule 40 and 80 IPS and SDR 21 pipe sizes. Pipe and fittings are to be joined by heat fusion or mechanical methods. The following tests shall be performed: chemical resistance; water absorption; joint tests – hydrostatic pressure tests; mechanical joint pullout test; threads; flattening; and impact resistance for PVDF pipe and fittings.1.1 This specification covers requirements for nonpressurepolyvinylidene fluoride drainage systems for corrosive applications. Requirements for material, pipe and fittings are included. Polyvinylidene fluoride includes emulsion/suspension polymerization and copolymers of vinylidene fluoride/hexafluoropropylene produced by either method.1.2 These requirements apply to Schedule 40 and 80 IPS, SDR 32.5, and SDR 21 pipe sizes. Pipe and fittings are to be joined by heat fusion or mechanical methods using the equipment supplied by the manufacturers.1.3 This specification is not intended to provide for interchangeability between plastic pipe and fittings from different manufacturers, but it does allow for transition fittings for joining one manufacturer's product to another's product, provided the joining technique used is other than heat fusion.1.4 This specification is not for polyvinylidene pressure systems.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 Notes and appendixes are not a mandatory part of this specification.1.7 The following safety hazard caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

3.1 The procedures covered in this guide are general and provide the user with information helpful for writing sampling plans, safety plans, labeling and shipping procedures, chain-of-custody procedures, general sampling procedures, general cleaning procedures, and general preservation procedures.3.2 For purposes of this guide, it is assumed that the user has knowledge of the waste being sampled and the possible safety hazards.3.3 This guide is not to be used when sampling sites or wastes when safety hazards are unknown. In such cases, the user shall use other more appropriate procedures.1.1 This guide provides information for formulating and planning the many aspects of waste sampling (see 1.2) that are common to most waste sampling situations.1.2 The aspects of sampling that this guide addresses are as follows:  SectionSafety plans  4Sampling plans  5Quality assurance considerations  6General sampling considerations  7Preservation and containerization  8Cleaning equipment  9Packaging, labeling, and shipping procedures 10Chain-of-custody procedure 111.3 This guide does not provide comprehensive sampling procedures for these aspects, nor does it serve as a guide to any specific application. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the procedures used are proper and adequate.1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific precautionary statements see 3.2, 3.3, and Section 4.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This test method is used to compute the calorific value and estimated ash content of the waste material represented by the sample for incineration purposes or as fuel for cement kilns.The gross calorific and ash value may be used for evaluating the effectiveness of any beneficiation process.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the gross calorific value of waste materials by either an isoperibol, aneroid, air-jacketed isoperibol, or adiabatic bomb calorimeter using electronic temperature sensors, automatic calorimeter controllers, and subsequent analysis of the residue for ash. After calorific analysis, the bomb washings may be collected for subsequent elemental analysis.1.2 The values stated in SI units are regarded as the standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 This guide is intended to provide a systematic approach for the application and execution of early actions for purposes of remediating both hazardous and non-hazardous contamination. Iterative development of a CSM is fundamental to the use of this guide.5.2 Anticipated users of this guide are owners or operators at sites of environmental contamination; technical professionals involved in the field of environmental site characterization and remediation; environmental regulators, property owners, employees, and residents adjacent to sites of environmental contamination; and lenders, sureties, and persons of general interest within an affected community.5.3 This guide is not intended to replace legal requirements for remediating sites of environmental contamination. This guide should be used to supplement existing regulatory guidance and to focus remedial efforts toward final remedy solutions.NOTE 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 The purpose of this guide is to assist practitioners in the development, selection, design, and implementation of interim, short-term, or early action remedies undertaken at sites of waste contamination for the purpose of managing, controlling, or reducing risk posed by environmental site contamination. Early action remedies and strategies are applicable to the management of other regulatory processes (for example, state underground storage tank (UST) programs are equally applicable) in addition to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)/National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contigency Plan (NCP) process. This guide identifies and describes a standard process, technical requirements, information needs, benefits, and strategy for early actions.1.2 This guide is applicable to both nonhazardous and hazardous sites of contamination as defined by CERCLA as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) as amended by the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1986.1.3 To the extent that this guide may be used for hazardous materials operations, it does not address the applicability of regulatory limitations and local requirements.1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车