定价： 156元 / 折扣价： 133 元

定价： 481元 / 折扣价： 409 元

5.1 Test Method F2656/F2656M states that variable-width barriers shall be tested in minimum- and maximum-width configurations. Interpolations between maximum and minimums are allowed if there are no structural modifications made to the barrier (that is, all structural components, including spacing of support members and connections, are similar between the two barriers tested at minimum and maximum widths). Extrapolation outside of the tested minimum- and maximum-width configurations is not allowed.5.2 However, there is a class of barriers such as some nets and fences that rely on a structurally repetitive interior system and strengthened end terminals or anchorages that are not explicitly treated under Test Method F2656/F2656M. There are situations where the interior system of the barrier could be exceptionally long and it is impractical or impossible to test the maximum-width configuration due to test facility site constraints, as an example.5.3 When a variable-width barrier is dependent on a structurally repetitive interior system that could be exceptionally long and terminated with strengthened end terminals, this practice shall be used to establish the maximum-width configuration that is equivalent to an infinitely long barrier.5.4 This practice shall be used with Test Method F2656/F2656M to establish a condition designation and penetration rating for the complete variable-width barrier. Knowing the condition designation and penetration rating provides the ability to select an appropriate barrier for site-specific conditions around a facility.5.5 Use of this practice assumes:5.5.1 Except for the instrumented end terminations, the structurally repetitive interior system is constructed and installed in a manner that represents the proposed actual service installation;5.5.2 Except for the instrumented end terminations, the structurally repetitive interior system conforms to supplier specifications and drawings;5.5.3 The actual service installation of the structurally repetitive interior system shall be terminated using the strengthened end terminals used for the minimum-width configuration test; and5.5.4 The instrumented end terminations used for the maximum-width configuration shall provide axial load resistance only.1.1 This practice provides a procedure for applying Test Method F2656/F2656M test criteria to an exceptionally long (that is, 300 ft [91 m] or greater) variable-width vehicle barrier as defined by Test Method F2656/F2656M.1.2 This practice provides a procedure to establish a maximum-width configuration that is equivalent to an infinitely long barrier for a variable-width barrier as defined by Test Method F2656/F2656M.1.3 This practice applies only to variable-width barriers that are dependent on both a structurally repetitive interior system that could be exceptionally long and terminated with strengthened end terminals.1.4 This practice applies only when it is impractical or impossible to install the maximum-width test article of a variable-width barrier because the test facility site constraints limit the practical length of the test article.1.5 This practice does not apply when its use is employed solely with the intent of reducing the test article installation cost when it is practical to test the maximum-width installation length.1.6 This practice does not apply to continuous or other types of vehicle barriers.1.7 This practice shall be used with Test Method F2656/F2656M to establish a condition designation and penetration rating for the complete variable-width barrier. Further, the complete variable-width barrier shall receive a single penetration rating that is determined as the maximum penetration rating for both the minimum- and maximum-width configurations tested, and is taken to be the final penetration rating. The penetration rating is not based on engineering calculation or judgment.1.8 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 78元 / 折扣价： 67 元

4.1 Conformance to this guide will reduce chances of misunderstanding between suppliers and users of pressure-sensitive tapes.4.2 It is recommended that this guide be referenced where widths and lengths of pressure-sensitive tapes are stated, such as in contracts, orders, advertisements, and labeling.1.1 This guide provides guidelines for widths and lengths of pressure-sensitive tape, including tolerances and labeling in the inch-pound and SI systems. It is not intended for tapes used for medical, surgical, or label stock purposes.1.2 Units stated in the inch-pound system followed by a calculated unit in the SI system are to be regarded separately as standard and should not be interchangeable with units stated in the SI system. The units stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 260元 / 折扣价： 221 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is intended either as an index test or as a performance test used to determine and compare the flow rate per unit width of one or several candidate geosynthetics under specific conditions.5.2 This test method may be used as an index test for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of geosynthetics, but caution is advised since information on between-laboratory precision of this test method is incomplete. Comparative tests as directed in 5.2.1 may be advisable.5.2.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should first confirm that the tests were conducted using comparable test parameters including specimen conditioning, normal stress, seating period, hydraulic gradient, test water temperature, etc., then conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogenous as possible and that are formed from a lot of the material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the flow rate per unit width within the manufactured plane of geosynthetics under varying normal compressive stresses and a constant head. The test is intended primarily as an index test but can be used also as a performance test when the hydraulic gradients and specimen contact surfaces are selected by the user to model anticipated field conditions.1.2 This test method is limited to geosynthetics that allow continuous in-plane flow paths to occur parallel to the intended direction of flow.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is useful in quality and cost control during manufacture. Both appearance and performance of pile yarn floor coverings can be affected by the number of binding sites per length and width.5.2 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.5.2.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is statistical bias between them using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use test samples for such comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn form the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in the disparate results during initial testing, and that are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the know bias.1.1 This test method describes the measurement of the number of binding sites per unit length or width of machine-made, woven, knitted, and tufted pile yarn floor covering both before and after adhesive backing application.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 Design professionals, for aesthetic reasons, have desired to limit the spacing and width of sealant joints on exterior walls and other locations of new buildings. Analysis of the performance factors and especially tolerances that affect a sealant joint is necessary to determine if a joint will have durability and be effective in maintaining a seal against the passage of air and water and not experience premature deterioration. If performance factors and tolerances are not understood and included in the design of a sealant joint, then the sealant may reach its durability limit and failure is a distinct possibility.4.2 Sealant joint failure can result in increased building energy usage due to air infiltration or exfiltration, water infiltration, and deterioration of building systems and materials. Infiltrating water can cause spalling of porous and friable building materials such as concrete, brick, and stone; corrosion of ferrous metals; and decomposition of organic materials, among other effects. Personal injury can result from a fall incurred due to a wetted interior surface as a result of a failed sealant joint. Building indoor air quality can be affected due to organic growth in concealed and damp areas. Deterioration is often difficult and very costly to repair, with the cost of repair work usually greatly exceeding the original cost of the sealant joint work.4.3 This guide is applicable to sealants with an established movement capacity, in particular elastomeric sealants that meet Specification C920 with a minimum movement capacity rating of ±121/2 %. In general, a sealant with less than ±121/2 % movement capacity can be used with the joint width sizing calculations; however, the width of a joint using such a sealant will generally become too large to be practically considered and installed. It is also applicable to precured sealant extrusions with an established movement capacity that meets Specification C1518.4.4 The intent of this guide is to describe some of the performance factors and tolerances that are normally considered in sealant joint design. Equations and sample calculations are provided to assist the user of this guide in determining the required width and depth for single and multi-component, liquid-applied sealants when installed in properly prepared joint openings. The user of this guide should be aware that the single largest factor contributing to non-performance of sealant joints that have been designed for movement is poor workmanship. This results in improper installation of sealant and sealant joint components. The success of the methodology described by this guide is predicated on achieving adequate workmanship.4.5 Joints for new construction can be designed by the recommendations in this guide as well as joints that have reached the end of their service life and need routine maintenance or joints that require remedial work for a failure to perform. Guide C1193 should also be consulted when designing sealant joints. Failure to install a sealant and its components following its guidelines can and frequently will result in failure of a joint design.4.6 Peer reviewed papers, published in various ASTM Special Technical Publications (STP), provide additional information and examples of sealant joint width calculations that expand on the information described in this guide (2-5). For cases in which the state of the art is such that criteria for a particular condition is not firmly established or there are numerous variables that require consideration, a reference section is provided for further consideration.4.7 To assist the user of this guide in locating specific information, a detailed listing of guide numbered sections and their headings is included in Appendix X1.1.1 This guide provides information on performance factors such as movement, construction tolerances, and other effects that should be accounted for to properly establish sealant joint size. It also provides procedures to assist in calculating and determining the required width of a sealant joint enabling it to respond properly to those movements and effects. Information in this guide is primarily applicable to single- and multi-component, cold-applied joint sealants and secondarily to precured sealant extrusions when used with properly prepared joint openings and substrate surfaces.1.2 Although primarily directed towards the understanding and design of sealant joints for walls for buildings and other areas, the information contained herein is also applicable to sealant joints that occur in horizontal slabs and paving systems as well as various sloped building surfaces.1.3 This guide does not describe the selection and properties of joint sealants (1)2, nor their use and installation, which is described by Guide C1193.1.4 For protective glazing systems that are designed to resist blast and other effects refer to Guide C1564 in combination with this guide.1.5 This guide is not applicable to the design of joints sealed with aerosol foam sealants.1.6 For structural sealant glazing systems refer to Guide C1401 in combination with this guide.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. SI units in this guide are in conformance with IEEE/ASTM SI 10-1997.1.8 The Committee having jurisdiction for this guide is not aware of any comparable standards published by other organizations.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

4.1 This practice provides procedures commonly used for measuring the width of steel sheet products under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committees A01 and A05 and their subcommittees as designated by a purchaser in a purchase order or contract when decimal, not fraction, tolerances are indicated.4.2 The ability to accurately measure width using hand calipers is critical in determining if product meets decimal specifications. The definitions and procedures for measuring width characteristics of steel sheet products are provided so that purchasers and suppliers have common definitions and measuring procedures for width measurements. The intention of these definitions and measuring methods is not to provide dimensional specifications for width characteristics, but rather common procedure(s) for quantifying width values. For determining compliance with width specifications, references are provided to appropriate ASTM standards.4.3 This practice may be used by other ASTM Committees and other standards writing bodies for the purpose of measuring the width of metal sheet products when decimal, not fraction, tolerances are indicated.1.1 This practice covers procedures for measuring the width of steel sheet when decimal, not fraction, tolerances are indicated. The methods described are designed and intended for use in the laboratory, mill situations, and general use.1.2 The flat steel product shall conform to all the requirements of the appropriate specifications as follows: Specifications A917 and A924/A924M.1.3 Quantitative limits are not addressed and are established in the general requirements, or individual product specifications, or both; or when applicable, as agreed to between supplier and user.1.4 Units—This specification is applicable to orders in either inch-pound units or SI units. Values in inch-pound and SI units are not necessarily equivalent. Within the text, SI units are shown in brackets. Each system shall be used independently of the other.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 The asphalt retention is a test procedure for full-width paving fabrics. The use of this test method is to establish an index value by providing standard criteria and a basis for uniform reporting.5.2 This procedure is applicable for testing conditioned specimens (see 8.1). The results obtained may vary, depending on which type of asphalt cement is used for the test. Unless stated otherwise, use Grade PG 64-22 as defined in Specification D3381/D3381M or equivalent asphalt cement.5.3 This procedure is applicable whenever it is desired to determine an index asphalt retention of paving fabric.5.4 If it becomes necessary for the purchaser and the seller to use this test method for acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any, between the purchaser's and seller's laboratories should be determined. Such comparison is to be based on specimens randomly drawn from the sample of geotextile being evaluated.1.1 This test method is an index test that covers a procedure for determining the asphalt retention for paving fabrics. Paving fabrics are used in a fabric membrane interlayer system in pavements before the placement of an asphaltic overlay.1.2 This test method shows the values in both SI units and inch-pound units. SI units is the name for the system of metric units known as the International System of Units. Inch-pound units is the correct name for the customary units used in the United States. The values in inch-pound units are provided for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

3.1 This test method is designed to measure the width of specimens before and after they are subjected to various tests which may change the width. A test procedure wherein such measurements could be used is the change in area of square pieces when measuring the resistance of leather to synthetic perspiration solution.1.1 This test method covers determination of the width of physical test specimens and of regularly shaped units and pieces of all types of leather. This test method does not apply to wet blue.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

1.1 This test method is designed for determining the average electrical width of a narrow thin-film metallization line.1.2 This test method is intended for measuring thin metallization lines such as are used in microelectronic circuits where the width of the lines may range from micrometres to tenths of micrometres.1.3 The test structure used in this test method may be measured while still part of a wafer, or part therefrom, or as part of a test chip bonded to a package and electrically accessible by means of package terminals.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 The determination of the wide-width strip force-elongation properties of geotextiles provides design parameters for reinforcement type applications, for example design of reinforced embankments over soft subgrades, reinforced soil retaining walls, and reinforcement of slopes. When strength is not necessarily a design consideration, an alternative test method may be used for acceptance testing. Test Method D4595/D4595M for the determination of the wide-width strip tensile properties of geotextiles may be used for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of geotextiles, but caution is advised since information about between-laboratory precision is incomplete (Note 6). Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.5.1.1 In cases of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Method D4595/D4595M for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. At a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing began. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.5.2 Most geotextiles can be tested by this test method. Some modification of clamping techniques may be necessary for a given geotextile depending upon its structure. Special clamping adaptions may be necessary with strong geotextiles or geotextiles made from glass fibers to prevent them from slipping in the clamps or being damaged as a result of being gripped in the clamps. Specimen clamping may be modified as required at the discretion of the individual laboratory, provided a representative tensile strength is obtained. In any event, the procedure described in Section 10 of this test method for obtaining wide-width strip tensile strength must be maintained.5.3 This test method is applicable for testing geotextiles either dry or wet. It is used with a constant-rate-of-extension type tension apparatus.5.4 The use of tensile strength test methods that restrict the clamped width dimension to 50 mm [2 in.] or less, such as the ravel, cut strip, and grab test procedures, have been found less suitable than this test method for determining design strength parameters for some geotextiles. This is particularly the case for nonwoven geotextiles. The wide-width strip technique has been explored by the industry and is recommended in these cases for geotextile applications.5.4.1 This test method may not be suited for some woven fabrics used in geotextile applications that exhibit strengths approximately 100 kN/m or 600 lbf/in. due to clamping and equipment limitations. In those cases, 100 mm [4 in.] width specimens may be substituted for 200 mm [8 in.] width specimens. On those fabrics, the contraction effect cited in 1.4 is minimal and, consequently, the standard comparison can continue to be made.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of tensile properties of geotextiles using a wide-width strip specimen tensile method. This test method is applicable to most geotextiles that include woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, layered fabrics, knit fabrics, and felts that are used for geotextile application.1.2 This test method covers the measurement of tensile strength and elongation of geotextiles and includes directions for the calculation of initial modulus, offset modulus, secant modulus, and breaking toughness.1.3 Procedures for measuring the tensile properties of both conditioned and wet geotextiles by the wide-width strip method are included.1.4 The basic distinction between this test method and other methods for measuring strip tensile properties is the width of the specimen. Some fabrics used in geotextile applications have a tendency to contract (neck down) under a force in the gage length area. The greater width of the specimen specified in this test method minimizes the contraction effect of those fabrics and provides a closer relationship to expected geotextile behavior in the field and a standard comparison.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is particularly useful to determine the discharge when it cannot be measured directly by some type of current meter to obtain velocities and with sounding weights to determine the cross section.5.2 Even under the best conditions, the personnel available cannot cover all points of interest during a major flood. The engineer or technician cannot always obtain reliable results by direct methods if the stage is rising or falling very rapidly, if flowing ice or debris interferes with depth or velocity measurements, or if the cross section of an alluvial channel is scouring or filling significantly.5.3 Under the worst conditions, access roads are blocked, cableways and bridges may be washed out, and knowledge of the flood frequently comes too late. Therefore, some type of indirect measurement is necessary. The contracted-opening method is commonly used on valley-floor streams.1.1 This test method covers the computation of discharge (the volume rate of flow) of water in open channels or streams using bridges that cause width contractions as metering devices.21.2 This test method produces the maximum discharge for one flow event, usually a specific flood. The computed discharge may be used to help define the high-water portion of a stage-discharge relation.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元