【国外标准】 Standard Practices for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Considerations for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials

4.1 The inclusion of the following paragraph, or a suitable equivalent, in any standard (preferably after the section on ) is due notification that the apparatus and reagents required in that standard are subject to the recommendations set forth in these practices.  “Apparatus and Reagents—Apparatus and reagents required for each determination are listed in separate sections preceding the procedure. Apparatus, standard solutions, and certain other reagents shall conform to the requirements prescribed in ASTM Practices E50, for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Considerations for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials.”  TABLE 1 Chemical Reagents Specified in ASTM Methods for Chemical Analysis of MetalsName Formula* Acetic acid CH3COOHAcetone CH3COCH3Acetylacetone (2,4-pentanedione) CH3COCH2COCH3Alizarin-Red-S C6H4COC6H-1,2-(OH)2-3-SO3NaCOAluminon (aurintricarboxylic acid-ammonium salt) (4-HOC6H3-3-COONH4)2C:C6H-3-(COONH4):OAluminum metal (99.9 % min) Al* Aluminum metal (sheet or rolled foil) AlAluminum ammonium sulfate Al2(NH4)2(SO4)4·24H2OAluminum nitrate Al(NO3)3·9H2OAluminum sulfate Al2(SO4)3·18H2OAluminum oxide, fused (Alundum)  1-Amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid NH2C10H5(OH)SO3HAmmonium acetate CH3COONH4Ammonium benzoate C6H5COONH4Ammonium bifluoride NH4FHFAmmonium bisulfate NH4HSO4Ammonium bisulfite NH4HSO3Ammonium carbonate (NH4)2CO3* Ammonium chloride NH4Cl* Ammonium citrate CH2(COONH4)C(OH)(COOH)CH2COONH4Ammonium fluoride NH4F* Ammonium hydroxideA NH4OHAmmonium iodide NH4IAmmonium molybdate (NH4)2MoO4* Ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2OAmmonium nitrate NH4NO3* Ammonium oxalate NH4OCOCOONH4·H2O* Ammonium phosphate, dibasic (diammonium acid phosphate) (NH4)2HPO4* Ammonium persulfate (ammonium peroxydisulfate) (NH4)2S2O8* Ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4* Ammonium tartrate NH4OCO(CHOH)2COONH4Ammonium thiocyanate NH4SCNAmmonium vanadate NH4VO3Antimony metal (powder) SbAntimony trichloride SbCl3* Arsenic trioxide As2O3Asbestos (for use with Gooch crucible)     Barium Chloride BaCl2·2H2OBarium diphenylamine sulfonate (C6H5NHC6H4-4-SO3)2Ba* Benzoic acid C6H5COOHα-Benzoin oxime (benzoin anti-oxime) C6H5CHOHC:NOHC6H5Beryllium sulfate BeSO4·4H2OBismuth metal (99.9 % min) BiBoric acid H3BO3Bromocresol green (3′,3",5′,5"-tetrabromo-m-cresolsulfonephthalein) C6H4SO2OC(C6H-3,5-Br2-2-CH3-4-OH)2Bromocresol purple (5′,5"-Dibromo-o-cresolsulfonephthalein) C6H4SO2OC(C6H2-3-CH3-5-Br-4-OH)2Bromine (liquid) Br2Bromophenol blue (3′,3",5′,5"-tetrabromophenolsulfonephthalein) C6H4SO2OC(C6H2-3,5-Br2-4-OH)21-Butanol CH3CH2CH2CH2OHButyl acetate (normal) CH3COOCH2CH2CH2CH3   * Cadmium chloride CdCl2·21/2 H2OCadmium chloride, anhydrous CdCl2* † Calcium carbonate (low-boron) CaCO3Carbon dioxide (gas) CO2Carbon dioxide (solid) CO2Carbon tetrachloride CCl4Carminic acid 1,3,4-(HO)3-2-C6H11O6C6COC6H-5-COOH-6-OH-8-CH3CO* Chloroform CHCl3Cinchonine C19H22N2OCitric acid HOC(COOH)(CH2COOH)2Cobalt metal CoCobalt sulfate CoSO4Coke  Congo red test paper  Copper metal (99.9 % min) Cu* Copper metal (powder or turnings) CuCopper metal (P-free) CuCopper metal (Mn, Ni, and Co-free, less than 0.001 % of each) CuCopper-rare earth oxide mixture  m-Cresol purple (m-cresolsulfonephthalein) C6H4SO2OC(C6H3-2-CH3-4-OH)2Cupferron C6H5N(NO)ONH4Cupric chloride CuCl2·2H2O* Cupric nitrate Cu(NO3)2·3H2O* Cupric oxide (powder) CuOCupric potassium chloride CuCl2·2KCl·2H2O* Cupric sulfate CuSO4·5H2OCurcumin (2-CH3OC6H3-1-OH-4-CH:CHCO)2CH2   Devarda's alloy 50Cu-45Al-5ZnDiethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid ([[(carboxymethyl)imino]bis(ethylenenenitrilo)] tetraacetic acid) ((HOCOCH2)2NCH2CH2)2NCH2COOH* Dimethylglyoxime CH3C:NOHC:NOHCH3N,N′ Diphenylbenzidine C6H5NHC6H4C6H4NHC6H5Diphenylcarbazide (1,5-diphenylcarbohydrazide) C6H5NHNHCONHNHC6H5* Disodium (ethylenedinitrilo) tetraacetate dihydrate See (ethylenedinitrilo) tetraacetic acid disodium saltDithiol (toluene-3,4-dithiol) CH3C6H3(SH)2Dithizone (diphenylthiocarbazone) C6H5NHNHCSN:NC6H5   Eriochrome black-T (1(1-hydroxy-2-naphthylazo)-6-nitro-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid sodium salt) 1-HOC10H6-2-N:N-1-C10H4-2-OH-4-SO3Na-6-NO2* EDTA (Disodium salt) See (ethylenedinitrilo) tetraacetic acid disodium salt* Ethanol C2H5OH* Ethyl ether (diethyl ether) C2H5OC2H5* (Ethylenedinitrilo) tetraacetic acid disodium salt HOCOCH2(NaOCOCH2)NCH2N(CH2COONa)CH2COOH·2H2OEthylene glycol monomethyl ether (2-methoxy-ethanol) CH3OCH2CH2OH   * Ferric chloride FeCl3·6H2O* Ferric nitrate Fe(NO3)3·9H2OFerric sulfate Fe2(SO4)3·nH2O* Ferrous ammonium sulfate Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2·6H2O* Ferrous sulfate FeSO4·7H2OFluoroboric acid HBF4Fluorescein, sodium salt 2NaOCOC6H4C:C6H3-3(:O)OC6H3-6-ONaFormaldehyde HCHO* Formic acidA HCOOH   Gelatin  Graphite CGlass wool  Glycerol CH2OHCHOHCH2OH   Hydrazine sulfate NH2NH2·H2SO4* Hydrobromic acidA HBr* Hydrochloric acidA HCl* Hydrofluoric acidA HFHydrogen chloride gas HCl* Hydrogen peroxide H2O2Hydrogen sulfide gas H2SHydroquinone 1,4-(OH)2C6H4* Hydroxylamine hydrochloride NH2OH·HCl* Hypophosphorous acidB H3PO2   Invert sugar  * Iodine I2Iron metal or wire (99.8 % min) FeIsopropyl ether (CH3)2CHOCH(CH3)2   Lead metal Pb* Lead acetate Pb(CH3COO)2Lead chloride PbCl2* Lead nitrate Pb(NO3)2Litmus  Lithium fluoride LiF   Magnesium metal (Sn-free) MgMagnesium perchlorate, anhydrous Mg(ClO4)2* Magnesium sulfate MgSO4·7H2OManganese metal (99.8 % min) MnManganous nitrate Mn(NO3)2Manganous sulfate MnSO4·H2OMannitol CH2OH(CHOH)4CH2OHMarble chips  * Mercuric chloride HgCl2* Mercury Hg* Methanol CH3OHMethyl isobutyl ketone (4-methyl-2-pentanone) CH3COCH2CH(CH3)2* Methyl orange (p[[p-dimethylamino)phenyl]azo]benzenesulfonic acid sodium salt) 4-NaOSO2C6H4N:NC6H4-4-N(CH3)2Methyl purple formula unknown, patented* Methyl red (o -[[(p-dimethylamino)phenyl]azo]benzoic acid) 4-(CH3)2NC6H4N:NC6H4-2-COOHMolybdenum metal (99.8 % min) MoMolybdic acid, anhydride (molybdenum trioxide) MoO3Molybdic acid (ammonium paramolybdate) Assay: as MoO3—85 %Morin, anhydrous (2′,3,4′,7-penta hydroxyflavone) 5,7-(HO)2C6H2 OC(C6H3-2,4-(OH)2):C(OH)CO   β-Naphthoquinoline (5,6-benzoquinoline) C10H6CH:CHCH:NNeocuproine (2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) (CH3)2C12H6N2·12H2ONickel metal (99.8 % min) NiNickel metal (sheet) NiNickelous nitrate Ni(NO3)2·6H2ONickelous sulfate NiSO4·6H2O* Nitric acidA HNO3Nitrogen gas (oxygen-free) N2Nitrogen, liquid N2m-Nitrophenol NO2C6H4OH1-Nitroso-2-naphthol(α-nitroso-β-naphthol) NOC10H6OHNitroso-R-salt (1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid disodium salt) 1-NOC10H4-2-(OH)-3,6-(SO3Na)2   Osmium tetraoxide OsO4Oxalic acid (COOH)2Oxygen gas O2   * Perchloric acidA HClO41,10-Phenanthroline (o -phenanthroline) CH:CHCH:NC:CCH:CHC:CN:CHCH:CH·H2O* Phenolphthalein C6H4COOC(C6H4-4-OH)2* Phosphoric acid H3PO4Piperidine NH(CH2)4CH2Platinized quartz  Platinized silica gel  Platinum gauze Pt* Potassium biphthalate 1-KOCOC6H4-2-COOHPotassium bisulfate KHSO4* Potassium bromate KBrO3* Potassium bromide KBr* Potassium chlorate KClO3* Potassium chloride KCl* Potassium chromate K2CrO4Potassium columbate 4K2O·3Cb2O5·16H2O* Potassium cyanide KCN* Potassium dichromate K2Cr2O7* Potassium ferricyanide K3Fe(CN)6Potassium ferrocyanide K4Fe(CN)6·3H2O* Potassium fluoride KF·2H2O* Potassium hydroxide KOH* Potassium iodate KIO3* Potassium iodide KIPotassium iodide starch paper  * Potassium nitrate KNO3* Potassium m-periodate KIO4* Potassium permanganate KMnO4Potassium persulfate K2S2O8Potassium phosphate, monobasic KH2PO4* Potassium pyrosulfate K2S2O7* Potassium sulfate K2SO4Potassium tantalum fluoride K2TaFPotassium thiocarbonate K2CS3* Potassium thiocyanate KSCNPyrogallic acid (pyrogallol) C6H3-1,3-(OH)3   Quinine sulfate (C20H24N2O2)2·H2SO4·2H2O8-Quinolinol (8-hydroxyquinoline) HOC6H3N:CHCH:CH   Sebacic acid HOCO(CH2)8COOHSelenium (powder) SeSilicon dioxide (silica) SiO2* Silver nitrate AgNO3Soda-lime  Soda-mica mineral (CO2 absorbent)  Sodium acetate CH3COONaSodium arsenite NaAsO2Sodium azide NaN3* Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3* Sodium bismuthate NaBiO3Sodium bisulfate see sodium hydrogen sulfate* Sodium bisulfate, fused see sodium hydrogen sulfate, fusedSodium bisulfite NaHSO3* Sodium borate Na2B4O7·10H2O* Sodium carbonate, anhydrous Na2CO3Sodium chlorate NaClO3Sodium chloride NaClSodium citrate HOC(COONa)(CH2COONa)2·2H2OSodium cyanide NaCNSodium diethyldithiocarbamate (C2H5)2NCSSNa·3H2OSodium dimethylglyoximate CH3C(:NONa)C(:NONa)CH3·8H2OSodium diphenylamine sulfonate C6H5NHC6H4-4-SO3NaSodium dithionite (hydrosulfite) Na2S2O4* Sodium fluoride NaFSodium hydrogen sulfate NaHSO4Sodium hydrogen sulfate, fused A mixture of Na2S2O7 and NaHSO4* Sodium hydroxide NaOHSodium hypophosphite NaH2PO2·H2OSodium molybdate Na2MoO4·2H2OSodium nitrate NaNO3Sodium nitrite NaNO2Sodium oxalate NaOCOCOONaSodium perchlorate NaClO4Sodium peroxide Na2O2Sodium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous Na2HPO4Sodium pyrophosphate Na4P2O7·10H2OSodium pyrosulfate Na2S2O7Sodium sulfate, anhydrous Na2SO4Sodium sulfide Na2S·9H2OSodium sulfite Na2SO3·7H2OSodium sulfite, anhydrous Na2SO3Sodium thiocyanate NaSCN* Sodium thiosulfate Na2S2O3·5H2O* Sodium tungstate Na2WO4·2H2O* Stannous chloride SnCl2·2H2O* Starch (C6H10O5)xSuccinic acid HOCOCH2CH2COOHSulfamic acid NH2SO3HSulfatoceric acid (ceric sulfate) H4Ce(SO4)45-Sulfosalicylic acid 2-HOC6H3-1-COOH-5-SO3H·2H2OSulfur dioxide gas SO2* Sulfuric acidA H2SO4* Sulfurous acidA H2SO3   Talc  * Tartaric acid HOCO(CHOH)2COOHTest lead PbTetrapropylammonium hydroxide (CH3CH2CH2)4NOHThioglycollic acid (mercaptoacetic acid) CH2SHCOOHThiourea NH2CSNH2Tin metal (99.9 %min) SnTitanium dioxide TiO2Titanium metal (low Sn) TiTriethanolamine (2,2′,2"-nitrilotriethanol) (CH2OHCH2)3N   Uranium oxide U3O8* Uranyl nitrate UO2(NO3)2·6H2OUrea NH2CONH2   Zinc (99.9 % min) ZnZinc metal (S-free) ZnZinc oxide ZnOZinc sulfate ZnSO4·7H2OZirconium oxide ZrO2Zirconium metal ZrZirconyl chloride ZrOCl2·8H2O(A) * Reagent on which ACS specifications exist.† ACS specification exists but does not cover all requirements.For concentration of laboratory reagent, see Table 2.(B) Contains at least 50 % H3PO2.4.2 It is assumed that the users of these practices will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly-equipped laboratory.1.1 These practices cover laboratory apparatus and reagents that are required for the chemical analysis of metals, ores and related materials by standard methods of ASTM. Detailed descriptions of recommended apparatus and detailed instructions for the preparation of standard solutions and certain nonstandardized reagents will be found listed or specified in the individual methods of analysis. Included here are general recommendations on the purity of reagents and protective measures for the use of hazardous reagents.1.2 These recommendations are intended to apply to the ASTM methods of chemical analysis of metals when definite reference is made to these practices, as covered in Section 4.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards are given in Section 8.NOTE 1: The use of the verb “shall” (with its obligatory third person meaning) in this standard has been confined to those aspects of laboratory safety where regulatory requirements are known to exist. Such regulations, however, are beyond the scope of these practices.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.