【国外标准】 IEEE Standard Microcomputer System Bus

One of the most important elements in a computer system is the bus structure that supplies the interface for all the hardware components. This bus structure contains the necessary signals to allow the various system components to interact with each other. It allows memory and I/O data transfers, direct memory accesses, generation of interrupts, etc. This standard provides a detailed description of all the elements and features that make up the IEEE Std 796 bus. The bus supports two independent… read more address spaces: memory and I/O. During memory cycles, the bus allows direct addressability of up to 16 megabytes using 24-bit addressing. During I/O bus cycles, the bus allows addressing of up to 64 kilobyte I/O ports using 16-bit addressing. Memory and I/O cycles can support 8-bit or 16-bit data transfers. The bus structure is built upon the masterslave concept where the master device in the system takes control of the bus and the slave device, upon decoding its address, and acts upon the command provided by the master. This handshake (master-slave relationship) between the master and slave devices allows modules of different speeds to be interface by way of the bus. It also allows data rates up to five million transfers per second (bytes or words) to take place across the bus. Anotherre important feature of the bus is the ability to connect multiple master modules for multiprocessing configurations. The bus provides control signals for connecting multiple masters in either a serial or parallel priority fashion. With either of these two arrangements, more than one master may share bus resources. This standard has been prepared for those users who evaluate or design products that will be compatible with the IEEE Std 796 system bus structure. To this end, the necessary signal definitions and timing and electrical specifications have been covered in detail. This standard deals only with the interface characteristics of microcomputer devices, not with design specifications, performance requirements, and safety requirements of modules. Throughout this standard, the term system denotes the byte or word interface system that, in general, includes all the circuits, connectors, and control protocol to effect unambiguous data transfer between devices. The term device or module denotes any product connected to the interface system that communicates information by way of the bus, and that conforms to the interface system definition. read less