【国外标准】 Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Untreated Paper Used for Electrical Insulation

8.1 In the buyer-seller relationship it is necessary that an understanding exists as to the expected nominal characteristics of the product, and the magnitude of permissible departure from the nominal values. Also, it is necessary that an agreement be reached as to how many units of a lot can fall outside of the specification limits without rejection of the lot. It is this latter subject that is addressed by this test method.1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing untreated paper to be used as an electrical insulator or as a constituent of a composite material used for electrical insulating purposes.1.1.1 Untreated papers are thin, fibrous sheets normally laid down from a water suspension of pulped fibers (usually cellulosic) with or without various amounts of nonfibrous ingredients, and which are calendared, if required, to obtain desired thickness and density. Nevertheless, these test methods are applicable, generally although not invariably, to papers formed by other means, to papers modified (during or after formation) by additions, and to papers given subsequent mechanical treatments such as creping.1.1.2 As an electrical insulating and dielectric material, paper is considered “untreated” until it is subjected to a manufacturing process such as drying, impregnation, or varnish treatment.1.1.3 The test methods given herein were developed specifically for papers having a thickness of 0.75 mm (0.030 in.) or less. A number of these test methods are also suitable for use on other materials such as pulps or boards. Refer to Test Methods D3376 or D3394 to determine which tests are applicable to pulps or electrical insulating boards. In the paper industry, some products in thicknesses of less than 0.75 mm are termed “paperboard”. Such products are included within the scope of these methods.1.1.4 These test methods are applicable to flexible fibrous-mat materials formed from suspensions of fiber in fluids other than water. Thicknesses of these mats approach 2 mm, and the fibers contained are possibly natural, synthetic, organic, or inorganic; fillers that are natural, synthetic, organic, or inorganic; and flexible polymeric binder materials.1.2 The procedures appear in the following sections:Procedure Sections ASTM or TAPPI Reference(Modified)Absorption (Rise of Water) 78 to 83 . . .Acidity-Alkalinity-pH 45 to 54 E70Air Resistance 98 to 101 D726Aqueous Extract Conductivity 55 to 64 . . .Ash Content 40 to 44 D586Bursting Strength 102 to 107 D774/D774MChlorides (Water-Extractable) 165 to 183 . . .Conditioning 15 D6054Conducting Paths 138 to 151 . . .Density, Apparent 29 to 33 . . .Dielectric Strength 152 to 157 D149Dimensions of Sheet, Rolls and Cores 16 to 24 D374Dissipation Factor and Permittivity 158 to 164 D150Edge-Tearing Resistance 126 to 130 D827Fiber Analysis 74 to 77 D1030Folding Endurance 108 to 110 T 423 and D2176Grammage 25 to 28 D646Permittivity 158 to 164 D150Heat Stability in Air 131 to 137 D827Impregnation Time 84 to 91 . . .Internal-Tearing Resistance 121 to 125 D689 or T 414Moisture Content 34 to 39 D644 and D3277Particulate Copper 193 to 202 . . .Particulate Iron 184 to 192 . . .Reagents 4 D1193Reports 14 E29Sampling 6 to 13 D3636Silver Tarnishing by Paper and Paperboard 203 to 206 T 444Solvent-Soluble Matter 65 to 73 . . .Surface Friction 92 to 97 D528 and T 455Tensile Properties 111 to 120 D76, E4Thickness (see Dimensions) 16 to 24 D3741.3 The tests for Holes and Felt Hair Inclusions and the Stain Test for Fine Pores, have been removed from this compilation of test methods. These test methods were specific to grades of capacitor paper formerly covered by Specification D1930, which has been withdrawn.NOTE 1: This compilation of test methods is closely related to IEC Publication 60554-2. Not all of the individual methods included herein are included in IEC 60554-2, nor are all of the methods in IEC 60554-2 included in this standard. The individual procedures as described in the two standards are in general sufficiently close to each other that it is reasonable to expect that test results obtained by most of the procedures specified in either standard will not differ significantly. However, before assuming that a procedure in these test methods is exactly equivalent to an IEC 60554-2 procedure, the written procedures must be compared closely, and if it seems advisable, test results by the two procedures are compared.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 43.2.1, 71.1, 143.1, 148.1 and 156.1 for specific hazards.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.