【国外标准】 Standard Practices for Sampling of Waterborne Oils

4.1 Identification of the source of a spilled oil is established by comparison with known oils selected because of their possible relationship to the spill, that is, potential sources. Generally, the suspected source oils are from pipelines, tanks, etc., and therefore pose little problems in sampling compared to the spilled oil. This practice addresses the sampling of spilled oils in particular, but could be applied to appropriate source situations, for example, a ship's bilge.1.1 These practices describe the procedures to be used in collecting samples of waterborne oils (see Practice D3415), oil found on adjoining shorelines, or oil-soaked debris, for comparison of oils by spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques, and for elemental analyses.1.2 Two practices are described. Practice A involves “grab sampling” macro oil samples. Practice B can be used to sample most types of waterborne oils and is particularly applicable in sampling thin oil films or slicks. Practice selection will be dictated by the physical characteristics and the location of the spilled oil. These two practices are:  SectionsPractice A (for grab sampling thick layers of oil, viscous oils or oil soaked debris, oil globules, tar balls, or stranded oil)  9 to 13Practice B (for TFE–fluorocarbon polymer strip samplers) 14 to 171.3 Each of the two practices is designed to collect oil samples with a minimum of water, thereby reducing the possibility of chemical, physical, or biological alteration by prolonged contact with water between the time of collection and analysis.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 7.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.