8.1 The procedures described are those that will test the behavior of segments of wall construction under conditions representative of those encountered in service. Performance criteria based on data from those procedures can ensure structural adequacy and service life.1.1 These test methods cover the following procedures for determining the structural properties of segments of wall, floor, and roof constructions:  SectionTest Specimens  3Loading  4Deformation Measurements  5Reports  6Precision and Accuracy  7TESTING WALLS  8Compressive Load  9Tensile Load 10Transverse Load—Specimen Horizontal 11Transverse Load—Specimen Vertical 12Concentrated Load 13Impact Load—See Test Methods E695 and E661  Racking Load—Evaluation of Sheathing Materials on a Standard Wood Frame 14Racking Load—Evaluation of Sheathing Materials (Wet) on a Standard Wood Frame 15TESTING FLOORS 16Transverse Load 17Concentrated Load 18Impact Load—See Test Methods E695 and E661  TESTING ROOFS  Section 19Transverse Load 20Concentrated Load 21APPENDIXTechnical Interpretation Appendix X11.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This guide covers a common framework and set of principles for potential users, such as product manufacturers, environmental analysts, consultants, architects, and the building industry in general. It describes a framework for life cycle inventory analysis, and describes various options and aspects of Impact Assessment and Interpretation.1.2 The complexity and level of detail of an LCA will vary greatly depending on the material/product or system studied, the purpose and use of the study, the intended users of the study, and the resources committed to complete the study. The level of detail can range from generic to material/product specific.1.3 This guide does not describe in detail the actual techniques for performing a LCA.1.4 LCA is an emerging methodology, which is still evolving. This guide will present its concepts and major features. It should enable the user to better understand LCA and its application to building materials/products, and help to identify sources of additional information and guidance. LCA is only one of many tools designed to aid in environmental evaluation and decision making.1.5 The component phases of LCA, including goal definition and scoping, inventory, impact assessment, interpretation, and the various methodologies used in these phases are in various stages of development. Consequently, the results of an LCA must be understood in the context of their completeness and accuracy and must be applied appropriately. LCA does not necessarily proceed as a linear process through these phases but is conducted in an iterative fashion.

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5.1 The payback method is part of a family of economic evaluation methods that provide measures of economic performance of an investment. Included in this family of evaluation methods are life-cycle costing, benefit-to-cost and savings-to-investment ratios, net benefits, and internal rates of return.5.2 The payback method accounts for all monetary values associated with an investment up to the time at which cumulative net benefits, discounted to present value, just pay off initial investment costs.5.3 Use the method to find if a project recovers its investment cost and other accrued costs within its service life or within a specified maximum acceptable payback period (MAPP) less than its service life. It is important to note that the decision to use the payback method should be made with care. (See Section 11 on Limitations.)1.1 This practice provides a recommended procedure for calculating and applying the payback method in evaluating building designs and building systems.1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers requirements for demonstrating that a building's location is in sufficient proximity to a range of establishments, services, and other amenities (referred to as "neighborhood assets" in this specification) and thus provides an opportunity for occupants to use walking as a means of transportation to conduct errands or other typical activities. It specifies a single indicator regarding the environmental performance related to a building's location, and for evaluating whether a building's location minimize the impacts associated with occupants' travel.Included in this specification are requirements for classifying and categorizing neighborhood assets, eligibility of neighborhood assets, proximity to a diversity of neighborhood assets, demonstration of satisfaction of meeting the requirements, and documentation substantiating compliance with the requirements.1.1 This specification provides requirements for demonstrating that a building’s location is in sufficient proximity to a range of establishments, services, and other amenities (referred to as “neighborhood assets” in this specification) such that the likelihood is increased that the building’s occupants will walk to their destinations when conducting errands or other typical activities.1.2 This specification addresses a single indicator regarding the environmental performance related to a building’s location. It provides one option for evaluating whether a building is located in such a way as to minimize the impacts associated with occupants’ travel.NOTE 1: The indicator in and of itself is insufficient to imply any level of “sustainability” for the building or the neighborhood. Similarly, a building’s failure to meet this specification does not necessarily signify a lack of sustainability. Other indicators may be more appropriate for that building or region; those indicators are outside the scope of this specification.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification prescribes requirements for demonstrating that a building's location provides a minimal level of access to public transit that allows occupants to travel to places of employment and to run typical errands. It is intended to facilitate the decision-making process for selection of a building site that provides opportunities for occupants to use public transit. It specifies a single indicator regarding the environmental performance related to a building's location, and for evaluating whether a building is located in such a way as to minimize the impacts associated with occupants' travel.1.1 This specification provides requirements for demonstrating that a building’s location provides a minimal level of access to public transit such that building occupants can rely on public transit to travel to places of employment and to run typical errands.1.2 This specification addresses a single indicator regarding the environmental performance related to a building’s location. It provides one option for evaluating whether a building is located in such a way as to minimize the impacts associated with occupants’ travel.NOTE 1: The indicator in and of itself is insufficient to imply any level of “sustainability” for the building or the neighborhood. Similarly, a building’s failure to meet this specification does not necessarily signify a lack of sustainability. Other indicators may be more appropriate for that building or region; those indicators are outside the scope of this specification.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

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1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for thermal insulation block composed of rigid cellular glass intended for use in building exterior and interior walls, foundation, floor, ceiling, and roofing applications. The insulation blocks are intended for continuous use at temperatures between 200°F and −50°F (93.3°C and −45.6°C).1.2 This standard is intended to apply to rigid cellular glass thermal insulation block products that are commercially useful in building exterior and interior walls, foundation, floor, ceiling, and roofing construction. For engineering and design purposes, users need to follow specific product information provided by block manufacturers regarding physical properties, system design considerations and installation recommendations.1.3 The use of thermal insulation materials covered by this specification is typically regulated by building codes, or other agencies that address fire performance or both. Where required, the fire performance of the material shall be addressed through standard fire test methods established by the appropriate governing documents.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. For conversion to metric units other than those contained in this standard, refer to IEEE/ASTM SI 10.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 501元 / 折扣价： 426 元

4.1 Each Facility Rating Scale in this classification (see Figs. 1-24) provides a means to estimate the level of serviceability of a building or facility for one topic of serviceability, and to compare that level against the level of any other building or facility.4.2 This classification can be used for comparing how well different buildings or facilities meet a particular requirement for serviceability. It is applicable despite differences such as location, structure, mechanical systems, age, and building shape.4.3 This classification can be used to estimate the amount of variance of serviceability from target or from requirement, for a single office facility, or within a group of office facilities.4.4 This classification can be used to estimate the following:4.4.1 Serviceability of an existing facility for uses other than its present use.4.4.2 Serviceability (potential) of a facility that has been planned but not yet built.4.4.3 Serviceability (potential) of a facility for which a remodeling has been planned.4.5 Use of this classification does not result in building evaluation or diagnosis. Building evaluation or diagnosis generally requires a special expertise in building engineering or technology, and the use of instruments, tools, or measurements.4.6 This classification applies only to facilities that are building constructions, or parts thereof. (While this classification may be useful in rating the serviceability of facilities that are not building constructions, such facilities are outside the scope of this classification.)1.1 This classification covers matched sets of scales (see Figs. 1-24) for classifying an aspect of the serviceability of an office facility, that is, the capability of an office facility to meet certain possible requirements for structure and building envelope.1.2 Within that aspect of serviceability, each matched set of scales (see Figs. 1-24) is for classifying one topic of serviceability. Each topic is typically broken down into two more demand functions and supply features. Each paragraph in an Occupant Requirement Scale summarizes one level of serviceability on that function, which occupants might require. The matching entry in the Facility Rating Scale is a translation of the requirement into a description of certain features of a facility which, taken in combination, indicate that the facility is likely to meet that level of required serviceability.1.3 The entries in the Facility Rating Scale (see Figs. 1-24) are indicative and not comprehensive. They are for quick scanning, to estimate approximately, quickly, and economically, how well an office facility is likely to meet the needs of one or another type of occupant group, over time. The entries are not for measuring, knowing, or evaluating how an office facility is performing.1.4 This classification can be used to estimate the level of serviceability of an existing facility. It can also be used to estimate the serviceability of a facility that has been planned but not yet built, such as one for which single-line drawings and outline specifications have been prepared.1.5 This classification indicates what would cause a facility to be rated at a certain level of serviceability, but does not state how to conduct a serviceability rating nor how to assign a serviceability score. That information is found in Practice E1679. The scales in Figs. 1-24 are complimentary to and compatible with Practice E1679. Each requires the other.1.6 The scales are intended to identify the levels of various requirements unique to a particular user, and the serviceability (capability) of a building to meet those requirements. The scales thus supplement rather than include code requirements. It remains the responsibility of designers, builders, and building managers to meet applicable code requirements relative to their respective roles in facility design, construction, and ongoing management.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

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This PDF includes Amd #1-#3. 1. Scope 1.1 This Standard applies to the preparation and reproduction of building drawings. It includes recommendations for a general classification of types of drawings and establishes a general context for detailed r

定价： 319元 / 折扣价： 272 元

This specification covers solid, dry-cast, concrete building brick intended for interior and exterior use in constructing structural masonry, and are made from portland cement, water, and suitable mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials. Materials to be used in the manufacture of brick include Portland cement, limestone, hydraulic cement, pozzolan, blast furnace slag cement, aggregates, and other constituents like air-entraining agents, coloring pigments, integral water repellents, and finely ground silica. All units shall be sound and free of cracks or other defects that interfere with the proper placement of the units or significantly impair the strength or permanence of the construction.1.1 This specification covers solid, dry-cast, concrete building brick intended for interior and exterior use in constructing structural masonry, and are made from portland cement, water, and suitable mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials.NOTE 1: Specification C1634 addresses concrete facing brick used in facing applications and other exposures (previously referred to in earlier editions of this standard as Grade N—for use as architectural veneer and facing units in exterior walls and for use where high-strength and resistance to moisture penetration and severe frost action are desired). This specification differs from C1634 in that it addresses properties for concrete building brick used in non-facing, utilitarian applications (previously referred to in earlier editions of this specification as Grade S—for general use where moderate strength and resistance to frost action and moisture penetration are required).1.2 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.NOTE 2: Concrete building brick covered by this specification are made from lightweight or normal weight aggregates, or both.NOTE 3: When particular features are desired, such as density classification, high compressive strength, surface textures for appearance or bond, finish, color, fire resistance, insulation, acoustical properties, or other special features, such properties should be specified separately by the purchaser. Suppliers should be consulted as to the availability of concrete building brick having the desired features.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This guide specifies recommended scales for architectural, building product, and building drawings using metric (SI) units of measurement, and measured with scale instruments graduated in millimetres. Careful consideration should be given to the selection of suitable scales in metric building drawings. Scales for use with metric (SI) drawings are expressed as ratios only. For the purpose of classifying suitable scale ratios, the following drawing types shall be identified: area location plan; block plan; site plans; general location drawings; component drawings; assembly drawings; and component detail drawings.1.1 This guide specifies recommended scales for architectural, building product, and building drawings using metric (SI) units of measurement, and measured with scale instruments graduated in millimetres. Preferred scales are listed for various types of drawings.

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4.1 Intent—This standard practice is intended to establish the minimum requirements for conducting periodic inspections of building facades to identify unsafe conditions that could cause harm to persons and property. It addresses the required content of the facade inspection to convey to the specifying authority the condition of the facade and allow comparisons of facade conditions at other times. Facade Inspection reports conducted and prepared as outlined in this standard practice will provide specifying authorities the information necessary to mitigate the threat of harm, injury, damage, or loss to persons or property from unsafe conditions on subject facades.4.2 Need for Periodic Facade Inspections—Due to age, lack of maintenance, design or construction errors, or a combination of these factors, building facades deteriorate. Based on the knowledge gained about the performance of building facades through investigation and research, governing authorities, owners, and qualified professionals are becoming more aware of potential unsafe conditions on building facades that if unaddressed, can jeopardize public safety and surrounding properties.4.3 Facade Service History—Facades require periodic maintenance and repairs to extend their useful life and to minimize and/or correct problems. As a part of any facade inspection, facade service history shall be reviewed because: (1) it may indicate patterns of leakage or other performance problems leading to concealed damage and an unsafe condition; (2) it may show a poorly conceived or improperly implemented maintenance or repair procedure that can contribute and aggravate unsafe conditions; and (3) it is necessary to distinguish between original construction and subsequent repairs or modifications during the inspection process and help identify the source of potential problems.4.4 Who Shall Perform the Inspection—Facade inspection shall be performed by a qualified inspector familiar with the available service history and the available design documents relevant to the building facade. The qualified inspector shall be capable of assessing both the watertight integrity and exterior conditions of the building facade to evaluate and identify potential unsafe conditions. The qualified professional who seals and signs the report shall also oversee all work of the qualified inspector and the inspection process.4.5 Facades Requiring Inspection—Those facades as determined by the specifying authority that pose a potential threat of harm, injury, damage or loss to persons or property.4.6 Frequency, extent, and the required level of facade inspections are dependent on facade age, material, and construction.4.7 Observed facade deficiencies shall be categorized and documented in Facade Inspection Report as “unsafe condition,” “requires repair/stabilization,” or “ordinary maintenance.”4.8 Limitations—Due to the construction techniques and physical properties of the many materials used in facade construction, and the inherent limitations on detecting concealed facade distress based on limited observation and probes, conducting a facade inspection does not assure that all unsafe conditions will be identified.1.1 This standard practice covers methods and procedures for inspection, evaluation, and reporting for periodic inspection of building facades for unsafe conditions. In the context of this practice, unsafe conditions are hazards caused by or resulting from loss of facade material.1.2 This standard practice does not purport to address the nature of deterioration of various building facade materials nor the performance of their assemblies. It is the responsibility of the owner to retain a qualified professional who can demonstrate expertise in the evaluation of various facade materials and their assemblies.1.3 Investigative techniques discussed may be intrusive, disruptive, or destructive. It is the responsibility of the qualified professional to anticipate, advise on the nature of procedures, and to plan for implementing repair as necessary.1.4 It is the responsibility of the specifying authority to establish the usage of this standard practice and to supplement this practice with additional requirements suitable to its local jurisdiction. It is also the responsibility of the specifying authority to determine compliance with local licensing regulations and customary practices.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Awareness of safety and familiarity with safe procedures are particularly important for above-ground operations on facades and destructive investigative procedures, which typically are associated with the work described.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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