1.1 This specification establishes design, performance, documentation, and labeling requirements and provides test methods for protective clothing used in preventing exposure to liquid chemotherapy and other liquid hazardous drugs.1.1.1 The principal requirement of this specification is permeation resistance testing of the protective clothing barrier material and seams to a specified battery of seven chemotherapy drugs. Two levels of protective clothing barrier material and seam performance are established for complying with Part A labeling requirements specific to these seven liquid chemotherapy drugs.1.1.1.1 Broad chemotherapy drug protection is based on the protective clothing barrier material and seams demonstrating breakthrough detection times of 30 min or more for the seven specified chemotherapy drugs.1.1.1.2 Selective chemotherapy drug protection is based on the protective clothing barrier material and seams demonstrating breakthrough detection times of 30 min or more for at least five of the seven specified chemotherapy drugs.1.1.2 It is also possible to report permeation resistance test results for additional liquid chemotherapy and other liquid hazardous drugs of interest as determined by the manufacturer or end user organization using the same breakthrough detection criteria for individual drugs for complying with the Part B labeling requirements.1.1.3 Protective clothing meeting this specification is also required to meet minimum flammability requirements, and if used as a medical device, biocompatibility (if used for breached skin contact), and demonstrate sterility assurance, if sterilized prior to use.1.1.4 Physical properties that indicate the strength, durability, and breathability of the protective clothing are optionally reported.1.1.5 Additional requirements are established for the label and user information to be provided for protective clothing meeting this specification.1.1.6 This specification also requires products intended to be used as medical devices such as surgical gowns and isolation gowns to meet the respective requirements of AAMI PB70, Specification F2407/F2407M, and Specification F3352/F3352M, as applicable.1.2 This specification does not address all conditions of exposure for individuals who wear protective clothing in the manufacture, transport, compounding, preparation, and administration of liquid chemotherapy and other hazardous drugs in addition to patient care activities and spills where contaminated items with these drugs are encountered.1.3 This specification does not address chemotherapy drugs or hazardous drugs that may be encountered in the form of a vapor or aerosol and does not provide any criteria for respiratory protection.1.4 This specification does not address the selection, use, or care of protective clothing used for protection against liquid chemotherapy or other liquid hazardous drugs. While this specification does not specifically determine which barrier material to select, the results of the tests described in this specification are useful for selecting barrier materials by comparing the test results among different materials under consideration. See USP 800, Hazardous Drugs—Handling In Healthcare Settings, for specific guidelines on the selection, use, and care of personal protective equipment for protection of healthcare workers against chemotherapy or other hazardous drugs.1.5 This specification is intended to provide the basis for manufacturers or suppliers to make specific claims that protective clothing products provide protection against liquid chemotherapy and other liquid hazardous drugs.1.6 The values stated in SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is intended for the determination of the heat transfer performance value of a material, a combination of materials, or a comparison of different materials used in flame-resistant clothing for workers exposed to combined convective and radiant thermal hazards.5.2 This test method evaluates a material’s unsteady-state heat transfer properties when exposed to a continuous and constant heat source. Air movement at the face of the specimen and around the calorimeter can affect the measured heat transferred due to forced convective heat losses. Minimizing air movement around the specimen and test apparatus will aid in the repeatability of the results.5.3 This test method maintains the specimen in a static, horizontal position and does not involve movement except that resulting from the exposure.5.4 This test method specifies a standardized 84 ± 2 kW/m2 (2 ± 0.05 cal/cm2s) exposure condition. Different exposure conditions have the potential to produce different results. Use of other exposure conditions that are representative of the expected hazard are allowed but shall be reported with the results along with a determination of the exposure energy level stability.5.5 This test method does not predict skin burn injury from the heat exposure.NOTE 4: See Appendix X4 for additional information regarding this test method and predicted skin burn injury.1.1 This test method measures the non-steady state heat transfer through flame-resistant materials for clothing subjected to a continuous, combined convective and radiant heat exposure.1.1.1 This test method is not applicable to materials that are not flame resistant.NOTE 1: The determination of a material’s flame resistance shall be made prior to testing and done according to the applicable performance or specification standard, or both, for the material’s end-use.1.1.2 This test method does not predict a material’s skin burn injury performance from the specified thermal energy exposure. It does not account for the thermal energy contained in the test specimen after the exposure has ceased.NOTE 2: See Appendix X4 for additional information regarding this test method and predicted skin burn injury.1.2 This test method is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound or other units that are commonly used for thermal testing.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This test method is used to measure the heat energy transmission through materials used in protective clothing and gloves that are exposed to a Hot Liquid Splash. This test method is applicable to woven fabrics, knit fabrics, battings, and sheet structures with permeable or impermeable coatings or laminations intended for use as clothing or gloves for protection against brief exposures to hot liquid splash hazards.1.2 This test method is used to measure and describe the properties of materials or assemblies of materials in response to hot liquids under controlled laboratory conditions.1.3 This test method is applicable to materials from which finished protective apparel articles are made.1.4 This test method is limited to the hot liquid temperatures that are 40°C (72°F) below the flash point of the specific hot liquid used for testing.Note 1—Specific thermally stable silicone liquids are available with flash points in the range of 315°C (599°F). When these thermally stable silicone liquids are used, a maximum hot liquid temperature of 260°C (500°F) is achievable. The intent of specifying the maximum temperature at 40°C (72°F) below the liquid flash point is to reduce the hot liquid fire hazard which increases significantly at temperatures equal to or above the flash point of the liquid.1.5 This test method does not measure the flammability of materials, nor is it intended for use in evaluating materials exposed to any other thermal exposure other than hot liquid exposures.1.6 The values as stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.

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5.1 This test method is intended for the determination of the radiant heat performance value of a material, a combination of materials, or a comparison of different materials used in flame resistant clothing for workers exposed to radiant thermal hazards.5.2 This test method evaluates a material’s heat transfer properties when exposed to a heat exposure at a constant value and systematically varied durations. Air movement at the face of the specimen and around the calorimeter can affect the measured heat transferred due to forced convective heat losses. Minimizing air movement around the specimen and test apparatus will aid in the repeatability of the results.5.3 This test method accounts for the thermal energy contained in the exposed test specimen after the radiant heat exposure has ceased. Higher values of Radiant Heat Performance rating determined in this test associate to higher values of radiant energy protection against a predicted skin burn injury.5.4 This test method maintains the specimen in a static, vertical position and does not involve movement except that resulting from the exposure procedure.5.5 This test method specifies two standard sets of exposure conditions, 21 kW/m2 (0.5 cal/cm2s) and 84 kW/m2 (2.0 cal/cm2s). Either can be used.5.5.1 If a different set of exposure conditions is used, it is likely that different results will be obtained.5.5.2 The optional use of other conditions representative of the expected hazard, in addition to the standard set of exposure conditions, is permitted. However, the exposure conditions used must be reported with the results along with a determination of the exposure energy level stability.1.1 This test method measures thermal protective characteristics of flame resistant textile materials subjected to a standardized radiant heat exposure relative to a predicted second-degree skin burn injury.1.1.1 This test method is not applicable to textile materials that are not flame resistant.NOTE 1: The determination of a textile material’s flame resistance shall be made prior to testing and done according to the applicable performance or specification standard, or both, for the textile material’s end-use.1.1.2 This test method accounts for the thermal energy contained in an exposed test specimen after the standardized radiant heat exposure has ceased.1.2 This test method is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound or other units that are commonly used for thermal testing.1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 This test method is intended for the determination of a thermal performance estimate value of a material, a combination of materials, or a comparison of different materials used in flame-resistant clothing for workers exposed to combined convective and radiant thermal hazards.5.2 This test method evaluates a material’s heat transfer properties when exposed to a heat exposure at a constant value and specific duration. Air movement at the face of the specimen and around the calorimeter can affect the measured heat transferred due to forced convective heat losses. Minimizing air movement around the specimen and test apparatus will aid in the repeatability of the results.5.3 This test method accounts for the thermal energy stored in the exposed test specimen after the heat exposure has ceased. Higher values of thermal performance estimate ratings determined in this test associate to higher values of thermal (convective and radiative) energy protection against a predicted skin burn injury.5.4 This test method maintains the specimen in a static, horizontal position and does not involve movement except that resulting from the exposure.5.5 This test method specifies a standardized 84 ± 2 kW/m2 (2 ± 0.05 cal/cm2·s) exposure condition. Different exposure conditions have the potential to produce different results. Other exposure conditions representative of the expected hazard are allowed but shall be reported with the results along with a determination of the exposure energy level stability.5.6 This test method contains optional provisions for conducting certification testing against a prescribed thermal performance estimate value.1.1 This test method measures the non-steady state heat transfer through flame-resistant materials for clothing subjected to a combined convective and radiant heat exposure.1.1.1 This test method is not applicable to materials that are not flame resistant.NOTE 1: The determination of a material’s flame resistance shall be made prior to testing and done in accordance with the applicable performance or specification standard, or both, for the material’s end use.1.1.2 This test method accounts for the thermal energy contained in an exposed test specimen after the standardized combined convective and radiant heat exposure has ceased and is used to estimate performance to a predicted second-degree skin burn injury.1.2 This test method is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound or other units that are commonly used for thermal testing.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This performance specification covers the design characteristics and associated test methods that relate specifically to the flame resistance of textile materials used in the fabrication of basic protection level occupational apparel worn by electrical workers who are exposed to momentary electric arc and related thermal hazards such as exposure to open flame and radiant heat. When evaluated in accordance with the test procedures enlisted herein, knit fabrics and woven fabrics of different fabric weights shall conform to individually specified values of the following properties: colorfastness such as laundering shade change, dry-cleaning shade change, and dimensional change; initial flammability characteristics and flammability characteristics after 25 washes/dry-cleaning such as char length and afterflame time; and arc test rating. Knit fabrics shall additionally be tested and adhere accordingly to bursting strength characteristics. Conversely, woven fabrics shall also be tested and adhere accordingly to breaking load, tear resistance, and seam slippage characteristics.1.1 This performance specification identifies minimum performance requirements to determine the (a) arc rating of fabrics, (b) flame resistance of fabrics and subassemblies, (c) mechanical durability of the fabrics and subassemblies, (d) the minimum garment construction and performance requirements, and (e) the garment labeling requirements for the completed protective clothing worn by workers exposed to flames and electric arcs.1.1.1 The minimum requirements for garment labeling are intended to provide end users with adequate information to select garments with the appropriate arc rating.1.1.2 End users are required to perform an assessment to determine the level of hazard and the required arc rating of the protective clothing for their individual hazards.1.1.2.1 The end user risk assessments are outside the scope of this standard.1.2 This performance specification does not address coated or laminated protective clothing commonly used for rainwear applications in an arc hazard environment. Performance requirements related to this category of protective clothing are detailed in Specification F1891.1.3 This performance specification does not address hand protection. Performance and test requirements related to hand protection are detailed in OSHA 1910.138, Specification D120, and Test Method F2675/F2675M.1.4 The care and maintenance requirements for laundering electric arc flash protective clothing are outside the scope of this standard. Refer to Guides F1449 or F2757 related to industrial or home laundering.1.5 This standard should be used to evaluate and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions. It should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.5.1 The results of this evaluation may be used as elements of a fire-risk assessment that takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this performance specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method was modeled after a procedure commonly known as the Elbow Lean Test.8 The Elbow Lean Test involves the application of synthetic blood to an ink pad, placement of sample fabric over the blood-soaked pad, placement of a blotter over the sample fabric, and applying elbow or fingertip pressure on top of the blotter. The blotter is then examined for staining as evidence of blood penetration. This test method provides similar procedures which standardize the test equipment and application of pressure through an adopted methodology.5.2 This test method is intended to simulate actual use conditions wherein areas of the healthcare worker's protective clothing are soaked with blood and compressed between the patient's body and that of the healthcare worker, or similarly between the healthcare worker and instruments. In both cases, unconfined blood can move away from the pressure point taking the path of least resistance rather than being contained as in Test Methods F1670/F1670M and F1671/F1671M.5.3 This test method uses predominately mechanical pressure as opposed to contained, hydrostatic pressure to demonstrate liquid penetration resistance (1, 2) . It simulates a single insult in which the outer surfaces of a protective clothing item are compressed at a steady rate by the wearer's body against a wet surface. This steady rate of compression represents one potential use scenario. Other scenarios may result in a wide variety of pressure ramp rates and profiles that are not simulated by the test apparatus.5.4 Because this test method provides quantitative results, it is useful for discriminating differences in the liquid barrier performance of protective clothing materials. This test method can be used for measuring differences in the penetration pressure for protective clothing materials which do not pass Test Method F1670/F1670M.5.5 This test method is normally used to evaluate specimens from individual finished items of protective clothing and individual samples of materials that are candidates for items of protective clothing.5.5.1 Finished items of protective clothing include gloves, arm shields, aprons, gowns, hoods, and boots.5.5.2 The phrase ‘specimens from finished items’ encompasses seamed and other discontinuous regions, as well as the usual continuous regions of protective clothing items.5.6 Medical protective clothing materials are intended to be a barrier to blood, body fluids, and other potentially infectious materials. Many factors can affect the wetting and penetration characteristics of body fluids, such as surface tension, viscosity, and polarity of the fluid, as well as the structure and relative hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity of the materials. The synthetic blood solution may exhibit different wetting behavior on fabrics or films with identical structures but different chemical compositions. The surface tension range for blood and body fluids (excluding saliva) is approximately 0.042 to 0.060 N/m (3). To help simulate the wetting characteristics of blood and body fluids, the surface tension of the synthetic blood is adjusted to approximate the lower end of this surface tension range. The resulting surface tension of the synthetic blood is 0.042 ± 0.002 N/m.5.7 The synthetic blood mixture is prepared with a red dye to aid in visual detection and a thickening agent to simulate the flow characteristics of blood. The synthetic blood may not duplicate the polarity, and thus wetting behavior and subsequent penetration, of real blood and other body fluids through protective clothing materials.5.8 It is known that body fluids penetrating protective clothing materials are likely to carry microbiological contaminants; however, visual detection methods are not sensitive enough to detect minute amounts of liquid containing microorganisms (4-6). No viral resistance claims can be made based on this test method, as materials can pass this test method and fail Test Method F1671/F1671M.5.9 Part of the protocol for exposing the protective clothing material specimens to synthetic blood involves applying mechanical pressure up to 345 kPa (50 psig). This mechanical pressure has been documented to discriminate protective clothing material performance and correlate with visual penetration results that are obtained with one type of human factors validation, the Elbow Lean Test.1 The Elbow Lean Test does not simulate all of the possible types of clinical exposure, as there is one contact with liquid under high mechanical pressure for a short duration. Some studies suggest that mechanical pressures exceeding 345 kPa (50 psig) can occur during clinical use (7, 8) .NOTE 1: The mechanical pressure tester can be adjusted to evaluate materials at higher pressures.5.10 Testing prior to degradation by physical, chemical, and thermal stresses which could negatively impact the performance of the protective barrier could lead to a false sense of security. Consider tests which assess the impact of storage conditions and shelf life for disposable products, and the effects of laundering and sterilization for reusable products. The integrity of the protective clothing can also be compromised during use by such effects as flexing and abrasion (9) . It is also possible that pre-wetting by contaminants such as alcohol and perspiration can compromise the integrity of the protective clothing. Furthermore, high relative humidity may also affect the resistance of materials used in protective clothing to penetration by blood and other body fluids. If these conditions are of concern, evaluate the performance of protective clothing for synthetic blood penetration following an appropriate pretreatment technique representative of the expected conditions of use.5.11 This test method involves a quantitative determination of a protective clothing penetration resistance to synthetic blood under specific test conditions. It can also be used as a qualitative method for comparing the penetration resistance characteristics of similar materials and as a material quality control or assurance procedure.5.12 If this test method is used for quality control, perform proper statistical design and analysis of larger data sets where more than three specimens are tested. This type of analysis includes, but is not limited to, reporting the number of individual specimens tested and the average penetration pressure of specimens with a standard deviation. Data reported in this way helps establish confidence limits concerning product performance. Examples of acceptable sampling plans are found in references such as MIL-STD-105, ANSI/ASQC Z1.4, and ISO 2859-1.5.13 In the case of a dispute arising from differences in reported results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of the product of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using a non-parametric test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.1.1 This test method is used to evaluate the resistance of materials used in protective clothing to synthetic blood under the conditions of liquid contact and increasing direct mechanical pressure. The penetration resistance of protective clothing is based on visual detection of synthetic blood penetration at a specific applied mechanical pressure.1.2 This test method does not apply to all forms or conditions of blood-borne pathogen exposure. Users of the test method must review modes for work/clothing exposure and assess the appropriateness of this test method for their specific application.1.3 This test method addresses only the performance of materials or certain material constructions (for example, seams) used in protective clothing. This test method does not address the design, overall construction, components, or interfaces of garments, or other factors which may affect the overall protection offered by the protective clothing.1.4 The values in SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Firefighters are routinely exposed to radiant heat in the course of their fireground activities. In some cases, firefighters have reported burn injuries under clothing where there is no evidence of damage to the exterior or interior layers of the firefighter protective clothing.5 Low levels of transmitted radiant energy alone, or a combination of the transmitted radiant energy and stored energy released through compression, can be sufficient to cause these types of injuries. This test method was designed to measure both the transmitted and stored energy in firefighter protective clothing material systems under a specific set of laboratory exposure conditions.5.2 The intensity of radiant heat exposure used in this test method was chosen to be an approximate midpoint representative of ordinary fireground conditions as defined for structural firefighting (1, 2).6 The specific radiant heat exposure was selected at 8.5 ± 0.5 kW/m2 (0.20 ± 0.012 cal/cm2-s), since this level of radiant heat can be maintained by the test equipment and produces little or no damage to most NFPA 1971-compliant protective clothing systems.5.2.1 Utech (2) defined ordinary fireground conditions as having air temperatures ranging from 60 to 300 °C and having heat flux values ranging from 2.1 to 21.0 kW/m2 (0.05 to 0.5 cal/cm2-s).5.3 Protective clothing systems include the materials used in the composite structure. These include the outer shell, moisture barrier, and thermal barrier. It is possible that they will also include other materials used on firefighter protective clothing such as reinforcement layers, seams, pockets, flaps, hook and loop, straps, or reflective trim.5.4 The transmission and storage of heat energy in firefighter protective clothing is affected by several factors. These include the effects of wear and use conditions of the protective clothing system. In this test method, conditioning procedures are provided for the laundering of composite samples prior to testing, and also composite sample moisture preconditioning. The amount of moisture added during preconditioning typically falls into a worst-case amount in terms of predicted heat transfer, as suggested by Barker (3).5.5 Two different procedures for conducting the test are provided in this test method. Procedure A measures only the transmitted energy that passes through the composite, without compression, during the exposure time. In this approach, the length of the radiant exposure is likely to be sufficient in the prediction of a second-degree burn injury. Procedure B involves using a fixed radiant heat exposure time to determine if a second-degree burn injury will or will not be predicted. If a second-degree burn injury is predicted, the time to a second-degree burn injury is reported. If a second-degree burn injury is not predicted, the result is indicated as “no predicted burn.” This procedure includes recommended fixed radiant exposure times.1.1 This test method uses one of two procedures to measure: (1) heat energy, which can be directly transmitted through the multilayer structure without compressive force, that can result in predicted burn injury, or (2) heat energy directly transmitted through the multilayer structure, followed by applying a compressive force, which rapidly releases stored heat energy in the multilayer structure that can result in a predicted burn injury.1.1.1 This test method is applicable only to protective clothing systems that are suitable for exposure to heat and flames.1.1.2 Flame resistance of the material system shall be determined prior to testing according to the applicable performance or specification standard, or both, for the material’s end use.1.2 This test method establishes procedures for moisture preconditioning of firefighter protective clothing material systems.1.3 The second-degree burn injury prediction used in this standard is based on a limited number of experiments on forearms of human subjects.1.3.1 The length of exposures needed to generate a second-degree burn injury in this test method exceeds the exposure times found in the limited number of experiments on human forearms.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to English units or other units commonly used for thermal testing.1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to radiant heat under controlled laboratory conditions but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary information is found in Section 7.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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2.1 This guide is intended to encourage thorough and consistent documentation of airborne particle penetration testing and its results.2.2 Uniform information and performance data increase the likelihood of selecting proper particle protective clothing by direct comparison of one material with another.2.3 A standard format for test information and data also encourages computer storage of test results for easy retrieval, comparison, and correlations.1.1 This guide provides a format for documenting information and performance data for an airborne particle penetration test.1.2 Documented data and information are grouped into five categories that define important aspects of each test:1.2.1 Description of material tested,1.2.2 Challenge particles,1.2.3 Test method,1.2.4 Test results, and1.2.5 Source of the data.1.3 Use of this guide is facilitated by adherence to procedures outlined in a standard test method.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurements are included in this standard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is normally used to evaluate flat specimens from finished items of protective clothing and from materials that are candidates for items of protective clothing.5.1.1 Finished items of protective clothing include gloves, sleeves, aprons, suits, coveralls, hoods, boots, respirators, and the like.5.1.2 The phrase “specimens from finished items” encompasses seamed or other discontinuous regions as well as the usual continuous regions of protective clothing items.5.1.3 Selected seams for testing are representative of seams used in the principal construction of the protective clothing item and typically include seams of both the base material and where the base material is joined with other types of materials.5.2 The breakthrough detection time, standardized breakthrough time, permeation rate, and cumulative permeation are key measures of the effectiveness of a clothing material as a barrier to the test chemical. Such information is used in the comparison of clothing materials during the process of selecting clothing for protection from hazardous chemicals. Long breakthrough detection times, long standardized breakthrough detection times, low amounts of cumulative permeation, and low permeation rates are characteristics of more effective barrier materials than materials with higher permeation characteristics.NOTE 1: At present, only limited quantitative information exists about acceptable levels of dermal contact with most chemicals. Therefore, the data obtained using this test method cannot be used to infer safe exposure levels.5.2.1 The reporting of a standardized breakthrough time greater than a specific time period means that the test chemical has not permeated the specimen at a rate exceeding 0.1 μg/cm2/min in the designated time. Permeation may or may not have occurred at a lower rate during this time interval.5.2.2 The reporting of cumulative permeation over a specified test period is another means to report barrier performance of protective clothing for resistance to permeation. This measurement quantifies the total amount of chemical that passed through a known area of the material during the specified test period.NOTE 2: It is possible to relate cumulative permeation test results to the total amount of chemical to which an individual wearer may be exposed by accounting for the exposed surface area and the underlying air layer. This information has value when there are known maximum permitted skin exposure doses for specific chemicals.5.3 The sensitivity of the test method in detecting low permeation rates or amounts of the test chemical that permeate is determined by the combination of the analytical technique and collection system selected, and the ratio of material specimen area to collection medium volume or flow rate.5.3.1 The analytical technique employed shall be capable of measuring the concentration of the test chemical in the collection medium at or below 0.05 μg/cm2/min, and at or above the steady-state permeation rate.5.3.2 Often permeation tests will require measurement of the test chemical over several orders of magnitude in concentration, requiring adjustments in either the sample collection volume or concentration/dilution, or the analytical instrument settings over the course of the test.5.3.3 Higher ratios of material specimen area to collection medium volume or flow rate permit earlier detection of breakthrough and detection of lower permeation rates and levels of cumulative permeation because higher concentrations of the test chemical in the collection medium will develop in a given time period, relative to those that would occur at lower ratios.5.4 Comparison of results requires specific information on the test cell, procedures, and analytical techniques. Results obtained from closed-loop and open-loop testing may not be directly comparable.5.4.1 The sensitivity of an open-loop system is characterized by its minimum detectable permeation rate. A method for determining this value is presented in Appendix X1.5.4.2 The sensitivity of a closed-loop system is characterized by its minimum detectable mass permeated.5.5 A group of chemicals for use in permeation testing is given in Guide F1001.5.6 While this method specifies standardized breakthrough time as the time at which the permeation rate reaches 0.1 μg/cm2/min, it is acceptable to continue the testing and also report a normalized breakthrough time at a permeation rate of 1.0 µg/cm2/min.5.7 It is recommended that the test be continued for the measurement of maximum or steady-state permeation rate or for the duration specified for the determination of cumulative permeation.5.7.1 It is permitted to terminate tests early if there is catastrophic permeation of the chemical through the protective clothing material and the rate of permeation could overwhelm the capability of the selected analytical technique.5.8 Guide F1194 provides a recommended approach for reporting permeation test results.1.1 This test method measures the permeation of liquids and gases through protective clothing materials under the condition of continuous contact.1.2 This test method is designed for use when the test chemical is a gas or a liquid, where the liquid is either volatile (that is, having a vapor pressure greater than 1 mm Hg at 25 °C) or soluble in water or another liquid that does not interact with the clothing material.1.3 Values states in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Values given in parentheses are not exact equivalents and are given for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This safety specification is intended to reduce injuries and deaths of children from hazards associated with tipover of clothing storage units, it covers chests, drawer chests, chests of drawers, dressers, and bureaus only. The procedures for stability testing of the drawer are presented in details. During the test, the unit shall not tip over or be supported only by an opened drawer, opened door, or opened or unopened flap.1.1 This safety specification is intended to reduce injuries and deaths of children from hazards associated with tipover of free-standing clothing storage units, including but not limited to chests, chests of drawers, drawer chests, armoires, chifferobes, bureaus, door chests, and dressers, which are 27 in. (686 mm) or greater in height, 30 lb (13.6 kg) or greater in mass, and contain 3.2 ft3 (90.6 dm3) or greater of enclosed storage volume.1.2 This safety specification does not cover shelving units, such as bookcases or entertainment furniture, office furniture, dining room furniture, jewelry armoires, underbed drawer storage units, occasional/accent furniture not intended for bedroom use, laundry storage/sorting units, or built-in units intended to be permanently attached to the building, nor does it cover “Clothing Storage Chests” as defined in Consumer Safety Specification F2598.1.3 This safety specification is intended to cover children up to 72 months. See Note 1.NOTE 1: The majority (approximately 80 %) of deaths relate to children 5 years or younger.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test procedure portion, Section 9, of this safety specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice describes the minimum information to be provided by the manufacturer or seller to the buyer or end user related to the wearing, care, and maintenance of chemical protective clothing. Adherence to this practice allows written information to be provided with the protective clothing to purchasers by means of labels (such as labels complying with Practice F1301), pamphlets, or other documents.4.2 Not every element of this practice may be applicable to all chemical protective clothing components or configurations. It is the manufacturer’s or seller’s responsibility to determine which portions of this practice, and the corresponding requirements, are applicable to their chemical protective clothing products. For informational requirements that are not applicable because of the nature of the product and intended use, the manufacturer or seller is to indicate and describe those portions or requirements that are not applicable.4.3 All information related to wearing, decontamination, care, and maintenance are required to be written in a manner so that the end user can readily understand the details. To emphasize important limitations, bold lettering and explicit warning terminology (for example, signal words such as ‘danger,’ ‘warning,’ and ‘caution’ (described in ANSI Z535.4)) are to be used. Where possible, pictograms and illustrations are required to convey specific instructions. In addition, the use of symbols, such as those provided in the care of textile products in Guide D5489, are appropriate for indicating specific care procedures used in cleaning protective clothing where applicable.1.1 This practice describes the recommended minimum information to be conveyed by the manufacturers or sellers to buyers or end users for the wearing, care, and maintenance of chemical protective clothing.1.1.1 This practice does not cover specific instructions for how to select and when to use protective clothing or design requirements.1.1.2 This practice does not apply to protective clothing that is solely intended for protection against flame and thermal hazards.1.2 Information provided by this practice aids organizations that select and use chemical protective clothing in their implementation of requirements established in Sections 10 and 11 of Practice F1461.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This standard defines the specialized terms used in standards developed by Committee F23 on Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment.1.2 Definitions of Terms, which were drafted for use only in a single standard, are also included for convenient reference. Under ASTM rules they may become full definitions in the future, if they are used in additional standards.1.3 Additional terminology relevant to protective clothing and to the components of protective clothing can be found in Terminologies D123, D1566, and D4805.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This guide is intended to encourage thorough and consistent documentation of permeation testing and its results.3.2 Uniform information and performance data increase the likelihood of selecting proper chemical protective clothing material (CPC) by permitting direct comparisons of one product with another.3.3 A standard format for test information and data also encourages computer storage of test results for easy retrieval, comparison, and correlations.1.1 This guide provides a format for documenting information and performance data from a permeation test.1.2 Documented information and data are grouped into five major categories that define important aspects of each test:1.2.1 Protective clothing material,1.2.2 Test method,1.2.3 Challenge chemical,1.2.4 Test results, and1.2.5 Source of the data.1.3 Use of this guide is facilitated by adherence to the procedures outlined in a standard test method.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Writers of PPE specifications produce requirements to mitigate defined personal safety and health hazards.5.2 The users and wearers of PPE expect that these products will perform in conformance with stated specifications to help mitigate personal hazard(s).5.3 Conformity assessment requirements are a means to provide confidence that PPE conform to specifications.5.3.1 Conformity assessment requirements should be defined to address the confidence needed to ensure the PPE will provide protection for the identified hazard. (See Annex A1 for a discussion on how standards should address hazards and risks through performance and other requirements that provide adequate protection.)5.3.2 Conformity assessment requirements are a means to manage the risks of nonconforming PPE and can serve as a balance of cost effectiveness and risk of injury or illness of a nonconforming product.5.4 Conformity assessment can include sampling and testing, inspection, supplier’s declaration, certification, surveillance, and quality and environmental system assessment and registration. It can also include accreditation that indicates competence by the provider from a third party.5.4.1 The requirements’ rigor and scheme participant independence of the conformity assessment activities can vary from a supplier declaration of conformity (SDOC), to third-party independent testing, certification, and other conformity assessment requirements.5.5 This guide identifies options for conformity assessment consistent with the U.S. HHS NIOSH National Framework for Personal Protective Equipment Conformity Assessment – Infrastructure as a means to manage the defined hazards and risk to wearers of a nonconforming PPE.5.6 This guide further identifies hazards and risks for which a conformity assessment scheme can be developed.1.1 This guide describes options for conformity assessment (CA) requirements relating to personal protective clothing and equipment (hereafter referred to as “PPE”). This guidance can optionally be used to define conformity assessment requirements in a PPE specification standard or in a companion ASTM conformity assessment Standard Practice document2 associated with the PPE specification standard. It is understood that the former approach is not consistent with ISO Directive, Part 2, Section 6.7.1.2 This guide is not intended to require additional conformity assessment requirements to any PPE specification standard or to the integral components of the PPE.1.3 This guide defines conformity assessment principles and requirement options consistent with U.S. HHS NIOSH National Framework for Personal Protective Equipment Conformity Assessment – Infrastructure as a means to manage the risks to wearers to defined hazards from nonconforming PPE.1.4 This guide identifies potential hazard and risk assessment outcomes for which a conformity assessment scheme (commonly referred to as a “program”) can be developed to manage assessed risks.1.5 It is not the intent of this guide to prescribe any particular model of conformity assessment requirements for PPE or its integral components.1.6 The requirements and activities in a given conformity assessment scheme should be determined by a conformity assessment scheme owner or can be defined by the PPE specification standard writers, and should be based, at a minimum, on the criteria contained in Section 6 of this guide.1.7 This guide is not intended to supersede any federal, state, or local laws or regulations.1.8 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all PPE circumstances. This ASTM guide is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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