4.1 Use—This guide is intended for use on a voluntary basis by parties who wish to obtain a limited survey of commercial real estate to assess for readily observable moisture affected materials and physical deficiencies conducive to elevated moisture as part of a commercial real estate transaction or commercial property management. This guide is intended to constitute a limited inquiry using representative observations for the purposes of conducting due diligence regarding the actual and potential presence of readily observable moisture affected materials and physical deficiencies conducive to elevated moisture in connection with the subject property. Inquiries that are more and less comprehensive than this guide (including, in some instances, no inquiry) may be appropriate in some circumstances in the opinion of the user (for example, when the presence of moisture affected materials is known to the user). Furthermore, no implication is intended that a person must use this guide in order to be deemed to have conducted appropriate inquiry in a commercially prudent or reasonable manner in a particular transaction. Nevertheless, this guide is intended to reflect a commercially prudent and reasonable inquiry. However, a LMA is not intended to serve as a comprehensive survey for the presence of readily observable moisture affected materials and physical deficiencies conducive to elevated moisture in all or most of the building systems throughout a commercial building.4.2 Clarification of Use: 4.2.1 Specific Point in Time—Because conditions conducive to elevated moisture in a building can vary greatly over time due to changes in weather, interior air handling and conditioning, occupancy, and so forth, a user should only rely on the results presented in the report for the point in time at which the LMA was conducted.4.2.2 Site-Specific—This guide is site-specific in that it relates to assessment of readily observable moisture affected materials and physical deficiencies conducive to elevated moisture within a specific commercial building. Consequently, this guide does not address many additional issues raised in commercial real estate transactions such as purchases of business entities, or interests therein, or of their assets, that may well involve liabilities pertaining to properties previously owned or operated or other on-site or off-site liabilities.4.2.3 Residential Tenants/Purchasers and Others—No implication is intended that it is currently customary practice for residential tenants of multifamily residential buildings, or other residential real estate to conduct a LMA in connection with these transactions. Thus, these transactions are not included in the term commercial real estate transaction, and it is not intended to imply that such persons are obligated to conduct a LMA in connection with these transactions for purposes of appropriate inquiry or for other purposes.4.3 Who May Conduct—The walk-through survey portion of a LMA should be conducted by a field observer qualified as outlined in Section 7.4.4 Additional Services—As set forth in 11.13, additional services may be contracted for between the user and the provider. Such additional services may include moisture metering, sampling of suspect fungal growth, invasive testing, thermographic imaging, environmental site assessments, property condition assessments or other services not included within the scope of this guide, examples of which area identified in Section 12 under Out of Considerations.4.5 Principles—The following principles are an integral part of this guide and are intended to be referred to in resolving ambiguity or exercising such discretion as is accorded the user or provider in conducting a LMA or in judging whether a user or provider has conducted appropriate inquiry or has otherwise conducted an adequate LMA.4.5.1 Uncertainty Not Eliminated—No limited survey of readily observable moisture affected materials and physical deficiencies conducive to elevated moisture can wholly eliminate uncertainty regarding the potential for readily observable moisture affected materials and physical deficiencies conducive to elevated moisture to be present at the subject property. Performance of a LMA pursuant to this guide is intended to reduce, but not eliminate, uncertainty regarding the current readily observable moisture affected materials and physical deficiencies conducive to elevated moisture at a property nor to eliminate the potential for readily observable moisture affected materials and physical deficiencies conducive to elevated moisture to be or to become present. The guide recognizes a provider’s findings may be determined under time constraints, formed without the aid of testing, exploratory probing, the removal of materials, design, or other technically exhaustive means.4.5.2 Not Exhaustive—Appropriate inquiry does not mean an exhaustive assessment of the subject property. There is a point at which the cost of information obtained or the time required to gather it outweighs the usefulness of the information and, in fact, may be a material detriment to the orderly completion of transactions. One of the purposes of this guide is to identify a balance between the competing goals of limiting the costs and time demands inherent in performing a LMA and the reduction of uncertainty about unknown conditions resulting from additional information.4.5.3 Activity Exclusions—Certain activities are generally excluded from or otherwise represent limitations to the scope of a LMA prepared in accordance with this guide. These should not be construed as all-inclusive or implying that any exclusion not specifically identified is a LMA requirement under this guide. Specifically excluded activities include:4.5.3.1 Removing or relocating materials, furniture, storage containers, personal effects, debris materials or finishes; conducting exploratory probing or testing; dismantling or operating equipment or appliances; or disturbing personal items or property which obstructs access or visibility.4.5.3.2 Sampling of any type, including sampling for suspect fungi or other forms of biological growth, or sampling or otherwise measuring moisture or other physical characteristics.4.5.3.3 Entering or accessing areas of the premises deemed to pose a threat of dangerous or adverse conditions with respect to the field observer or to perform any procedure that may damage or impair the physical integrity of the subject property, any building system, or component.4.5.3.4 Providing an environmental site assessment, property condition assessment, or any element of an environmental site assessment or property condition assessment.4.5.4 Hidden Areas—Moisture affected materials may occur in hidden areas such as: within wall cavities, within crawlspaces; above ceiling tiles or beneath flooring materials, and so forth. Possible locations of hidden moisture affected materials can include pipe chases and utility tunnels, porous thermal or acoustic liners inside ductwork, or roof insulation materials above roof decks of ceilings. If the user suspects the presence of hidden moisture affected materials (for example, due to musty smells), the user should communicate this fact to the provider. If the provider suspects the presence of hidden moisture affected materials, the provider should detail such findings in the report. Further investigation of hidden moisture affected materials is beyond the scope of work described in this guide.4.5.5 Representative Observations—The purpose of conducting representative observations is to convey to the user the expected magnitude of commonly encountered or anticipated conditions. Representative observation quantities should be provided in the agreement between user and provider; however, if in the provider’s opinion such representative observations as presented in the agreement are unwarranted as a result of homogeneity of the asset or other reasons deemed appropriate by the provider, a sufficient number of units, areas, systems, buildings, and so forth may be observed so as to achieve a reasonable confidence as to the representative present conditions of such repetitive or similar areas, systems, buildings, and so forth.4.5.5.1 User-Requested Representative Observations—A user may define the representative observations required for a given subject property.4.5.5.2 Extrapolation of Findings—Provider may reasonably extrapolate representative observations and findings to all typical areas or systems of the subject property for the purposes of describing such conditions within the report. The provider’s rationale for the extrapolation of findings should be included in the report.4.5.6 Level of Inquiry Is Variable—Not every commercial real estate transaction will warrant the same level of assessment. Consistent with good commercial practice, the appropriate level of survey will be guided by the type of property subject to assessment, the expertise and risk tolerance of the user, geographic and other environmentally related issues such as local climate, drainage and proximity to surface water, and other information that may be developed during the course of the LMA.4.5.7 Comparison With Subsequent Inquiry—It should not be concluded or assumed that an inquiry was not an appropriate inquiry merely because the inquiry did not identify readily observable moisture affected materials and physical deficiencies conducive to elevated moisture in connection with a commercial building. LMAs should be evaluated based on the reasonableness of judgments made at the time and under the circumstances in which they were made. Subsequent LMAs should not be considered valid standards to judge the appropriateness of any prior assessment based upon hindsight, changed conditions, new information, use of developing technology or analytical techniques, or other factors.4.6 Rules of Engagement—The contractual and legal obligations between a provider and a user (and other parties, if any) are outside the scope of this guide. No specific legal relationship between the provider and the user is necessary for the user to meet the requirements of this guide.1.1 Purpose—The purpose of this guide2 is to define good commercial practice for conducting a limited survey for readily observable moisture affected materials and conditions conducive to elevated moisture in a commercial building related to commercial real estate transaction or commercial real estate management by conducting: a walk-through survey, document reviews, and interviews as outlined within this guide. This guide is intended to provide a practical means for the limited identification of moisture affected materials and physical deficiencies conducive to elevated moisture caused by water infiltration through the building envelope or substructure or generated within the subject building as a result of processes or mechanical systems, excluding de minimis conditions. This guide is to allow a user to assess general moisture concerns, as well as the potential need for further assessment or other actions that may be appropriate that are beyond the scope of this guide. For purposes of this guide, the initialism “LMA” or “Limited Moisture Assessment” is used interchangeably with this guide’s full title.1.2 Purpose Limitations—While a LMA may be used to survey for readily identifiable moisture affected materials and physical deficiencies conducive to elevated moisture, the LMA is not designed to serve as comprehensive survey for the presence of moisture affected materials and physical deficiencies conducive to elevated moisture in all or most areas in a commercial building. It is not intended to reduce or eliminate the risks that elevated moisture may pose to the subject building or its occupants.1.3 Considerations Beyond This —The use of this guide is limited to the scope set forth in this section. Section 12 of this guide identifies, for informational purposes, certain physical conditions (not an all-inclusive list) that may exist at a subject property and certain activities or procedures (not an all-inclusive list) that are beyond the scope of this guide but may warrant consideration by users. The need to investigate any such conditions in the provider’s scope of services should be evaluated based upon, among other factors, the nature of the subject property and the reason for conducting the LMA. The scope of such further investigation or testing services should be agreed upon between the user and the provider as additional services, which are beyond the scope of this guide, prior to initiation of the LMA process. The responsibility to initiate work beyond the scope of this guide lies with the user.1.3.1 Sampling for suspect fungi and other forms of biological growth is a non-scope consideration under this guide.1.3.2 Sampling or otherwise measuring for moisture is a non-scope consideration under this guide.1.4 Organization of the Guide—This guide has 13 sections and two appendices. Section 1 defines the . Section 2 is Referenced Documents. Section 3 is Terminology. Section 4 defines the of this guide. Section 5 describes User Responsibilities. Sections 6 through 11 provide guidelines for the main body of the report, including the scope of the walk-through survey and preparation of the report. Section 12 identifies Out of Considerations. Section 13 lists keywords for Internet reference. Appendix X1 provides the user with a suggested Interview Checklist, and Appendix X2 provides the user with a suggested Field Checklist.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This index test method indicates an unvegetated RECP’s ability to reduce soil erosion caused by shear stress induced by moving water under bench-scale conditions. Only tangential shear is measured in this method. Radial and uplift forces generated by the circular motion of the water are not measured.This test method is bench-scale and therefore, appropriate as an index test for general soil/product composite behavior under hydraulic shear conditions, and for product quality assurance/conformance testing. The results of this test shall not be interpreted as indicative of field performance.1.1 This index test method establishes the guidelines, requirements and procedures for evaluating the ability of unvegetated Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECPs) to protect soil (sand) from hydraulically induced shear stress in a bench-scale apparatus.1.2 This index test method utilizes bench-scale testing procedures and shall not be interpreted as indicative of field performance.1.3 This index test is not intended to replace full-scale simulation or field testing in acquisition of performance values that are required in the design of erosion control measures utilizing unvegetated RECPs.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This guide is intended to be used to determine if there are moisture-related conditions existing in concrete slabs which would adversely impact the successful application and performance of these products.This guide can also be used as an aid in the diagnosis of performance failures in resilient floor covering products.Unless otherwise indicated, these procedures are applicable to slabs on grade, slabs below grade, and slabs above grade (see Terminology F 141).1.1 This guide includes both quantitative and qualitative procedures used to determine the amount of water or water vapor present in or emitting from concrete slabs and criteria for evaluating the moisture-related acceptability of concrete slabs to receive resilient floor coverings and related adhesives.1.2 Although carpet tiles, carpet, wood flooring ceramic tile, stone tile, coatings, films, and paints are not specifically intended to be included in the category of resilient floor coverings, the procedures included in this guide may be useful for evaluating the moisture-related acceptability of concrete slabs for such finishes.1.3 This guide does not cover the adequacy of a concrete floor to perform its structural requirements.1.4 This guide does not include procedures to determine the presence of non-moisture related impediments to the application of finishes.1.5 This guide does not supersede the specific instructions or recommendations of manufacturers for their flooring finishes.1.6 The methods are listed in this guide for reference purposes only. Refer to Practice F 710 and the flooring manufacturer for acceptable quantitative methods. For acceptance, refer to Practice F 710.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This guide consists of symbols and notations pertaining to documenting deficient conditions observed during facade inspections.1.2 The purpose of this guide is to provide a quick shorthand, notation system that will serve as a uniform system for facade inspectors to record their observations on existing elevation drawings or photographs, or both, of existing building facades.1.3 This guide is not intended to be used to record or document a diagnosis for the particular symptom.1.4 Notations are listed in alphabetical order. Compound terms appear as per the first word as spoken.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 During construction of a home, paints are subjected to a wide variety of drying conditions, and this may exhibit differences between the original coat and the touched-up area in appearance after its full cure. Therefore, it it essential for the paint to be able to perform under a wide variety of drying conditions. A paint that does this is very advantageous to the contractor.5.2 It is possible for a paint to have excellent color touch-up, but poor sheen touch-up, or vice-versa. The ideal paint will have both excellent color and sheen touch-up under testing conditions.5.3 Color, gloss and base choice can have a major impact on touch-up of the paint.1.1 This practice determines the ability of a paint to be recoated or “touched up” in small areas. Variations in color, gloss, and sheen that result in a different appearance from the original paint can be evaluated visually.1.2 This practice describes evaluation of touch-up characteristics in a laboratory-scale controlled environment as opposed to a full-scale field environment.1.3 Evaluation of touch-up properties under constant drying conditions is described. Environmental conditions can be adjusted to incorporate high or low temperature drying , or both. The changes in application temperature can lead to larger differences in touch-up than applying both coats under the same environmental conditions.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 To provide a standardized test method that can be used for a valid comparison of luminance time curves, color changes and cosmetic changes between lamps of various designs, fabrication techniques, and sources.1.1 This test method establishes the procedures for determining the visible performance change, which is defined by luminance, color and cosmetic appearance of an electroluminescent lamp during operation over an extended time.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 This test method characterizes a metallic material’s resistance to stable crack extension in terms of crack-tip-opening angle (CTOA), ψ and/or crack-opening displacement (COD), δ5 under the laboratory or application environment of interest. This method applies specifically to fatigue pre-cracked specimens that exhibit low constraint and that are tested under slowly increasing displacement.5.2 When conducting fracture tests, the user must consider the influence that the loading rate and laboratory environment may have on the fracture parameters. The user should perform a literature review to determine if loading rate effects have been observed previously in the material at the specific temperature and environment being tested. The user should document specific information pertaining to their material, loading rates, temperature, and environment (relative humidity) for each test.5.3 The results of this characterization include the determination of a critical, lower-limiting value, of CTOA (ψc) or a resistance curve of δ5, a measure of crack-opening displacement against crack extension, or both.5.4 The test specimens are the compact, C(T), and middle-crack-tension, M(T), specimens.5.5 Materials that can be evaluated by this standard are not limited by strength, thickness, or toughness, if the crack-size-to-thickness (a/B) ratio or ligament-to-thickness (b/B) ratio are equal to or greater than 4, which ensures relatively low and similar global crack-front constraint for both the C(T) and M(T) specimens (2, 3).5.6 The values of CTOA and COD (δ5) determined by this test method may serve the following purposes:5.6.1 In research and development, CTOA (ψc) or COD (δ5), or both, testing can show the effects of certain parameters on the resistance to stable crack extension of metallic materials significant to service performance. These parameters include, but are not limited to, material thickness, material composition, thermo-mechanical processing, welding, and thermal stress relief.5.6.2 For specifications of acceptance and manufacturing quality control of base materials.5.6.3 For inspection and flaw assessment criteria, when used in conjunction with fracture mechanics analyses. Awareness of differences that may exist between laboratory test and field conditions is required to make proper flaw assessment.5.6.4 The critical CTOA (ψc) has been used with the elastic-plastic finite-element method to accurately predict structural response and force carrying capacity of simple and complex cracked structural components, see Appendix X1.5.6.5 The δ5 parameter has been related to the J-integral by means of the Engineering Treatment Model (ETM) (10) and provides an engineering approach to predict the structural response and force carrying capacity of cracked structural components.5.6.6 The K-R curve method (Practice E561) is similar to the δ5-resistance curve, in that, the concept has been applied to both C(T) and M(T) specimens (under low-constraint conditions) and the K-R curve concept has been used successfully in industry (11). However, the δ5 parameter has been related to the J-integral and the parameter incorporates the material non-linear effects in its measurement. Comparisons have also been made among various fracture criteria on fracture of C(T), M(T) and a structurally configured crack configuration (12) that were made of several different materials (two aluminum alloys and a very ductile steel), and the K-R curve concept was found to have limited application, in comparison to the critical CTOAc (ψc) concept.1.1 This standard covers the determination of the resistance to stable crack extension in metallic materials in terms of the critical crack-tip-opening angle (CTOA), ψc and/or the crack-opening displacement (COD), δ5 resistance curve (1).2 This method applies specifically to fatigue pre-cracked specimens that exhibit low constraint (crack-size-to-thickness and un-cracked ligament-to-thickness ratios greater than or equal to 4) and that are tested under slowly increasing remote applied displacement. The test specimens are the compact, C(T), and middle-crack-tension, M(T), specimens. The fracture resistance determined in accordance with this standard is measured as ψc (critical CTOA value) and/or δ5 (critical COD resistance curve) as a function of crack extension. Both fracture resistance parameters are characterized using either a single-specimen or multiple-specimen procedures. These fracture quantities are determined under the opening mode (Mode I) of loading. Influences of environment and rapid loading rates are not covered in this standard, but the user must be aware of the effects that the loading rate and laboratory environment may have on the fracture behavior of the material.1.2 Materials that are evaluated by this standard are not limited by strength, thickness, or toughness, if the crack-size-to-thickness (a/B) ratio and the ligament-to-thickness (b/B) ratio are greater than or equal to 4, which ensures relatively low and similar global crack-front constraint for both the C(T) and M(T) specimens (2, 3).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 ASTM thermal test method descriptions are complex because of added apparatus details necessary to ensure accurate results. As a result, many users find it difficult to locate the data reduction details necessary to reduce the data obtained from these tests. This practice is designed to be referenced in the thermal test methods, thus allowing those test methods to concentrate on experimental details rather than data reduction.4.2 This practice is intended to provide the user with a uniform procedure for calculating the thermal transmission properties of a material or system from standard test methods used to determine heat flux and surface temperatures. This practice is intended to eliminate the need for similar calculation sections in the ASTM Test Methods (C177, C335, C518, C1033, C1114, C1199, and C1363) by permitting use of these standard calculation forms by reference.4.3 This practice provides the method for developing the thermal conductivity as a function of temperature for a specimen from data taken at small or large temperature differences. This relationship can be used to characterize material for comparison to material specifications and for use in calculations programs such as Practice C680.4.4 Two general solutions to the problem of establishing thermal transmission properties for application to end-use conditions are outlined in Practice C1058. (Practice C1058 should be reviewed prior to use of this practice.) One is to measure each product at each end-use condition. This solution is rather straightforward, but burdensome, and needs no other elaboration. The second is to measure each product over the entire temperature range of application conditions and to use these data to establish the thermal transmission property dependencies at the various end-use conditions. One advantage of the second approach is that once these dependencies have been established, they serve as the basis for estimating the performance for a given product at other conditions. Warning— The use of a thermal conductivity curve developed in Section 6 must be limited to a temperature range that does not extend beyond the range of highest and lowest test surface temperatures in the test data set used to generate the curve.1.1 This practice provides the user with a uniform procedure for calculating the thermal transmission properties of a material or system from data generated by steady state, one dimensional test methods used to determine heat flux and surface temperatures. This practice is intended to eliminate the need for similar calculation sections in Test Methods C177, C335, C518, C1033, C1114 and C1363 and Practices C1043 and C1044 by permitting use of these standard calculation forms by reference.1.2 The thermal transmission properties described include: thermal conductance, thermal resistance, apparent thermal conductivity, apparent thermal resistivity, surface conductance, surface resistance, and overall thermal resistance or transmittance.1.3 This practice provides the method for developing the apparent thermal conductivity as a function of temperature relationship for a specimen from data generated by standard test methods at small or large temperature differences. This relationship can be used to characterize material for comparison to material specifications and for use in calculation programs such as Practice C680.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This practice includes a discussion of the definitions and underlying assumptions for the calculation of thermal transmission properties. Tests to detect deviations from these assumptions are described. This practice also considers the complicating effects of uncertainties due to the measurement processes and material variability. See Section 7.1.6 This practice is not intended to cover all possible aspects of thermal properties data base development. For new materials, the user should investigate the variations in thermal properties seen in similar materials. The information contained in Section 7, the Appendix and the technical papers listed in the References section of this practice may be helpful in determining whether the material under study has thermal properties that can be described by equations using this practice. Some examples where this method has limited application include: (1) the onset of convection in insulation as described in Reference (1); (2) while a phase change is taking place in one of the insulation components causing an unsteady-state condition; and (3) the influence of heat flow direction and temperature difference changes for reflective insulations.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Non-isothermal stress relaxation, also known as temperature scanning stress relaxation, performed at a specific heating rate, delivers a set of parameters useful to specify the properties of thermo-plastic elastomers. It can also characterize the deterioration of the cross-linked rubber network in a reasonable testing time of a few hours.5.2 Stress relaxation tests are typically performed as time-dependent experiments at constant strain and temperature. It is known that temperature has a strong influence on the relaxation time of rubber. When evaluating ageing behavior such as deterioration of the network, a reliable test using isothermal stress relaxation requires extremely long testing times, for example, days or weeks depending on the application.1.1 This test method is used to determine the non-isothermal stress relaxation, also known as temperature scanning stress relaxation (TSSR). Stress relaxation is a characteristic behavior of rubber materials.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Most heated apparatus in industrial, commercial, and residential service are insulated, unless thermal insulation interferes with their function; for example, it is inappropriate to insulate the bottom surface of a flatiron. However, surface temperatures of insulated equipment and appliances are potentially high enough to cause burns from contact exposure under certain conditions.5.2 This guide has been developed to standardize the determination of acceptable surface operating conditions for heated systems. Current practice for this determination is widely varied. The intent of this guide is to tie together the existing practices into a consensus standard based upon scientific understanding of the thermal physics involved. Flexibility is retained within this guide for the designer, regulator, or consumer to establish specific burn hazard criteria. Most generally, the regulated criterion will be the length of time of contact exposure.5.3 It is beyond the scope of this guide to establish appropriate contact times and acceptable levels of injury for particular situations, or determine what surface temperature is “safe.” Clearly, quite different criteria are justified for cases as diverse as those involving infants and domestic appliances, and experienced adults and industrial equipment. In the first case, no more than first degree burns in 60 s might be desirable. In the second case, second degree burns in 5 s might be acceptable.NOTE 2: An overview of the medical research leading to the development of this guide was presented at the ASTM Conference on Thermal Insulation, Materials and Systems on Dec. 7, 1984 (14).5.4 This guide is meant to serve only as an estimation of the exposure to which an average individual might be subjected. Unusual conditions of exposure, physical health variations, or nonstandard ambients all serve to modify the results.5.5 This guide is limited to contact exposure to heated surfaces only. It is noted that conditions of personal exposure to periods of high ambient temperature or high radiant fluxes potentially cause human injury with no direct contact.5.6 This guide is not intended to cover hazards for cold temperature exposure, that is, refrigeration or cryogenic applications.5.7 The procedure found in this guide has been described in the literature as applicable to all heated surfaces. For extremely high-temperature metallic surfaces (>70°C), damage occurs almost instantaneously upon contact.1.1 This guide covers a process for the determination of acceptable surface operating conditions for heated systems. The human burn hazard is defined, and methods are presented for use in the design or evaluation of heated systems to prevent serious injury from contact with the exposed surfaces.1.2 The maximum acceptable temperature for a particular surface is derived from an estimate of the possible or probable contact time, the surface system configuration, and the level of injury deemed acceptable for a particular situation.1.3 For design purposes, the probable contact time for industrial situations has been established at 5 s. For consumer products, a longer (60-s) contact time has been proposed by Wu (1)2 and others to reflect the slower reaction times for children, the elderly, or the infirm.1.4 The maximum level of injury recommended here is that causing first degree burns on the average subject. This type of injury is reversible and causes no permanent tissue damage. For cases where more severe conditions are mandated (by space, economic, exposure probability, or other outside considerations), this guide is used to establish a second, less desirable injury level (second degree burns), where some permanent tissue damage is permitted. At no time, however, are conditions that produce third degree burns recommended.1.5 This guide addresses the skin contact temperature determination for passive heated surfaces only. The guidelines contained herein are not applicable to chemical, electrical, or other similar hazards that provide a heat generation source at the location of contact.1.6 A bibliography of human burn evaluation studies and surface hazard measurement is provided in the list of references at the end of this guide (1-16).1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide establishes test conditions that will provide a measured oil recovery rate and efficiency for a skimmer operating in drift ice.4.2 End users need a procedure to quantify optimum performance data for planning and selection of equipment.4.3 The procedure in this guide will assist in verifying and accurately reporting skimmer system performance.4.4 Tests will be conducted under well documented conditions and provide repeatable results. Other detailed testing and collection of skimmer performance data are covered under existing standards (see Guide F631 and Test Method F2709).1.1 This guide defines a procedure and measurement criteria to quantify the recovery rate and efficiency of a stationary skimmer system in drift ice conditions.1.2 The suggested procedure and test parameters are intended to provide conditions typical of relatively sparse drift ice and relatively dense drift ice coverage.1.3 It is accepted that the recovery rate as determined by this guide will not likely be achievable under actual conditions of a spill. The procedure in this guide does not account for such issues as changing recovery conditions, number of daylight hours, operator downtime, less than ideal control of skimmer settings, and inclement weather.1.4 The procedure in this guide involves the use of specific test oils that may be considered hazardous materials. It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to procure and abide by necessary permits and regulations for the use and disposal of test oil.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 MSW composting is considered an important component in the overall solid waste management strategy. The volume reduction achieved by composting, combined with the production of a usable end product (for example, compost as a soil amendment), has resulted in municipalities analyzing and selecting source-separated organic MSW composting as an alternative to landfill disposal of biodegradable organic materials. This standard provides a method to analyze and determine the effect of materials on the compost process and the performance, utility, and feasibility of the composting process as a method for managing organic solid waste material.5 Using this method, key parameters of process performance, including theoretical oxygen uptake (ThOU) and theoretical carbon dioxide production (ThCO2P) are determined.5.2 This test method provides a simulation of the overall compost process while maintaining reproducibility. Exposing the test material with several other types of organic materials that are typically in MSW provides an environment which provides the key characteristics of the composting process, including direct measurement of organism respiration.1.1 This test method covers the biodegradation properties of a material by reproducibly exposing materials to conditions typical of source-separated organic municipal solid waste (MSW) composting. A material is composted under controlled conditions using a synthetic compost matrix and determining the acclimation time, cumulative oxygen uptake, cumulative carbon dioxide production, and percent of theoretical biodegradation over the period of the test. This test method does not establish the suitability of the composted product for any use.1.2 This test is performed at mesophilic temperatures. Some municipal compost operations reach thermophilic temperatures during operation. Thermophilic temperatures can affect the biodegradation of some materials. This test is not intended to replicate conditions within municipal compost operations that reach thermophilic temperatures.1.3 The values stated in both inch-pound and SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the material performance after exposure to a standardized set of severe environmental conditions. It is understood that these performance values are dependent upon these standardized exposure periods and environmental concentrations. Other values are possible if the exposure period or severe environmental concentration, or both, is changed.5.2 This test method is intended to be used where the material is exposed to the specific extreme environmental condition in its intended field of application.5.3 The user shall establish which properties are relevant to the application at hand, in order to determine the properties to be tested.NOTE 2: It is not intended for all properties to be tested in all cases.5.4 This test method is intended to evaluate only the following types of materials, as defined by their physical properties or chemical properties, or both, and used in penetration firestops:5.4.1 Endothermic,5.4.2 Intumescent,5.4.3 Insulative,5.4.4 Ablative, and5.4.5 Subliming.5.5 This test method determines initial physical properties, chemical properties, or both, to allow comparison with physical properties, chemical properties, or both after exposure. The following properties are to be considered, as applicable:5.5.1 Weight loss or gain,5.5.2 Volume expansion,5.5.3 Thermal conductivity,5.5.4 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA),5.5.5 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),5.5.6 Tensile strength and elongation,5.5.7 Visual observations, and5.5.8 Loss on ignition.5.6 This test method uses the following exposures:5.6.1 Elevated temperature,5.6.2 High humidity,5.6.3 Carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide with moisture present,5.6.4 Water immersion,5.6.5 Temperature cycling,5.6.6 Wet-freeze-dry cycling, and5.6.7 Weathering.5.7 This test method does not provide any information regarding the actual fire performance of the firestop before or after the exposure tests.5.8 This test method will provide a comparison between formula and processing changes in materials.5.9 This test method only provides for a comparison of the tested material before and after a standardized exposure process.5.10 This test method shall be used as one element in evaluating materials or selecting firestop material(s) for a specific application. Other factors shall be considered, such as its fire performance as tested in accordance with Test Methods E814 or E119, flame spread as tested in accordance with Test Method E84, durability, and its compatibility with its adjacent materials.1.1 This test method evaluates a change in physical properties, chemical properties, or both, of firestop materials after a standardized environmental exposure. This test method does not evaluate the fire performance of the firestop materials.1.2 This test method establishes indicators that will aid in determining the use of the tested material in buildings.1.3 This test method evaluates the properties of component products used within a firestop system, and does not evaluate the properties of assembled firestop systems.NOTE 1: This test method does not preclude the possibility of exposing complete firestop systems to one or more severe environmental exposures and then exposing the complete firestop system to a fire test.1.4 This test method is intended to be a screening method in the evaluation of the relative behavior of a specific material before and after a standardized set of severe exposure criteria. Individual tests are not intended to be the only determining factor in evaluating or selecting a firestop material because each test has limitations.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 Each Facility Rating Scale (see Figs. 1-4) in this classification provides a means to estimate the level of serviceability of a building or facility for one topic of serviceability and to compare that level against the level of any other building or facility.4.2 This classification can be used for comparing how well different buildings or facilities meet a particular requirement for serviceability. It is applicable despite differences such as location, structure, mechanical systems, age, and building shape.4.3 This classification can be used to estimate the amount of variance of serviceability from target or from requirement, for a single office facility, or within a group of office facilities.4.4 This classification can be used to estimate the following:4.4.1 Serviceability of an existing facility for uses other than its present use.4.4.2 Serviceability (potential) of a facility that has been planned but not yet built.4.4.3 Serviceability (potential) of a facility for which remodeling has been planned.4.5 Use of this classification does not result in building evaluation or diagnosis. Building evaluation or diagnosis generally requires a special expertise in building engineering or technology and the use of instruments, tools, or measurements.4.6 This classification applies only to facilities that are building constructions, or parts thereof. (While this classification may be useful in rating the serviceability of facilities that are not building constructions, such facilities are outside the scope of this classification.)4.7 This classification is not intended for, and is not suitable for, use for regulatory purposes, nor for fire hazard assessment nor for fire risk assessment.1.1 This classification covers pairs of scales for classifying an aspect of the serviceability of an office facility, that is, the capability of an office facility to meet certain possible requirements to be able to do normal office tasks outside scheduled hours.1.2 Within that aspect of serviceability, each pair of scales, shown in Figs. 1-4, are for classifying one topic of serviceability. Each paragraph in an Occupant Requirement Scale (see Figs. 1-4) summarizes one level of serviceability on that topic, which occupants might require. The matching entry in the Facility Rating Scale (see Figs. 1-4) is a translation of the requirement into a description of certain features of a facility which, taken in combination, indicate that the facility is likely to meet that level of required serviceability.FIG. 1 Scale A.10.1 for Operation Outside Normal HoursFIG. 1 Scale A.10.1 for Operation Outside Normal Hours (continued)FIG. 2 Scale A.10.2 for Support After HoursFIG. 2 Scale A.10.2 for Support After Hours (continued)FIG. 3 Scale A.10.3 for Temporary Loss of External ServicesFIG. 3 Scale A.10.3 for Temporary Loss of External Services (continued)FIG. 4 Scale A.10.4 for Continuity of Work (During Breakdowns)FIG. 4 Scale A.10.4 for Continuity of Work (During Breakdowns) (continued)1.3 The entries in the Facility Rating Scale (see Figs. 1-4) are indicative and not comprehensive. They are for quick scanning to estimate approximately, quickly, and economically, how well an office facility is likely to meet the needs of one or another type of occupant group over time. The entries are not for measuring, knowing, or evaluating how an office facility is performing.1.4 This classification can be used to estimate the level of serviceability of an existing facility. It can also be used to estimate the serviceability of a facility that has been planned but not yet built, such as one for which single-line drawings and outline specifications have been prepared.1.5 This classification indicates what would cause a facility to be rated at a certain level of serviceability, but does not state how to conduct a serviceability rating nor how to assign a serviceability score. That information is found in Practice E1334. The scales in this classification are complimentary to and compatible with Practice E1334. Each requires the other.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车