4.1 The approach presented in this guide is a practical and streamlined process for determining the appropriateness of remediation by natural attenuation and implementing remediation by natural attenuation at a given petroleum release site. This information can be used to evaluate remediation by natural attenuation along with other remedial options for each site.4.2 In general, remediation by natural attenuation may be used in the following instances:4.2.1 As the sole remedial action at sites where immediate threats to human health, safety and the environment do not exist or have been mitigated, and constituents of concern are unlikely to impact a receptor;4.2.2 As a subsequent phase of remediation after another remedial action has sufficiently reduced concentrations/mass in the source area so that plume impacts on receptors are unlikely; or4.2.3 As a part of a multi-component remediation plan.4.3 This guide is intended to be used by environmental consultants, industry, and state and federal regulators involved in response actions at petroleum release sites. Activities described in this guide should be performed by a person appropriately trained to conduct the corrective action process.4.4 The implementation of remediation by natural attenuation requires that the user exercise the same care and professional judgement as with any other remedial alternative by:4.4.1 Ensuring that site characterization activities focus on collecting information required to evaluate and implement remediation by natural attenuation;4.4.2 Evaluating information to understand natural attenuation processes present at the site;4.4.3 Determining whether remediation by natural attenuation is the most appropriate and cost-effective remedial alternative with a reasonable probability of achieving remedial goals; and4.4.4 Monitoring remedial progress.4.5 Application and implementation of remediation by natural attenuation is intended to be compatible with Guide E1739 or other risk-based corrective action programs.4.6 This guide does not address specific technical details of remediation by natural attenuation implementation such as site characterization (see Guide E1912), sampling, data interpretation, or quantifying rates. For additional discussion and guidance concerning these technical issues for remediation by natural attenuation see Appendix X1 through Appendix X7.4.7 This guide does not specifically address considerations and concerns associated with natural attenuation of non-petroleum constituents, such as chlorinated solvents. Care must be taken to ensure that degradation by-products will not cause harm to human health or the environment. In addition, if constituents are present which do not readily attenuate, such as methyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE), remediation by natural attenuation may not be a suitable remedial alternative or may need to be supplemented with other remedial technologies.4.8 This guide is intended to be consistent with Guide E1599 and U.S. EPA guidance for implementation of remediation by natural attenuation (U.S. EPA, 1995, Chapter 9).51.1 This is a guide for determining the appropriateness of remediation by natural attenuation and implementing remediation by natural attenuation at a given petroleum release site, either as a stand alone remedial action or in combination with other remedial actions.1.2 Natural attenuation is a potential remediation alternative for containment and reduction of the mass and concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in the environment to protect human health and the environment. Remediation by natural attenuation depends upon natural processes such as biodegradation, dispersion, dilution, volatilization, hydrolysis, and sorption to attenuate petroleum constituents of concern to achieve remedial goals.NOTE 1: Remedial goals must be established through another process as determined by the appropriate regulatory agency.1.3 In general, remediation by natural attenuation should not be considered a presumptive remedy. A determination of whether remediation by natural attenuation is appropriate for an individual petroleum release site, relative to site-specific remedial goals, requires site characterization, assessment of potential risks, evaluation of the need for source area control, and evaluation of potential effectiveness similar to other remedial action technologies. Application and implementation of remediation by natural attenuation requires demonstration of remedial progress and attainment of remedial goals by use of converging lines of evidence obtained through monitoring and evaluation of resulting data. When properly applied to a site, remediation by natural attenuation is a process for risk management and achieving remedial goals. Monitoring should be conducted until it has been demonstrated that natural attenuation will continue and eventually meet remedial goals.1.3.1 The primary line of evidence for remediation by natural attenuation is provided by observed reductions in plume geometry and observed reductions in concentrations of the constituents of concern at the site.1.3.2 Secondary lines of evidence for remediation by natural attenuation are provided by geochemical indicators of naturally occurring degradation and estimates of attenuation rates.1.3.3 Additional optional lines of evidence can be provided by microbiological information and further analysis of primary and secondary lines of evidence such as through solute transport modeling or estimates of assimilative capacity.1.4 The emphasis in this guide is on the use of remediation by natural attenuation for petroleum hydrocarbon constituents where ground water is impacted. Though soil and ground water impacts are often linked, this guide does not address natural attenuation in soils separate from ground water or in situations where soils containing constituents of concern exist without an associated ground water impact. Even if natural attenuation is selected as the remedial action for ground water, additional remedial action may be necessary to address other completed exposure pathways at the site.1.5 This guide does not address enhanced bioremediation or enhanced attenuation.1.6 Also, while much of what is discussed is relevant to other organic chemicals or constituents of concern, these situations will involve additional considerations not addressed in this guide.1.7 The guide is organized as follows:1.7.1 Section 2 lists referenced documents.1.7.2 Section 3 defines terminology used in this guide.1.7.3 Section 4 describes the significance and use of this guide.1.7.4 Section 5 provides an overview of the use of natural attenuation as a remedial action alternative, including;1.7.4.1 Advantages of remediation by natural attenuation as a remedial alternative;1.7.4.2 Limitations of remediation by natural attenuation as a remedial alternative; and1.7.4.3 Using multiple lines of evidence to demonstrate the appropriateness of remediation by natural remediation.1.7.5 Section 6 describes the decision process for appropriate application and implementation of remediation by natural attenuation including;1.7.5.1 Initial response, site characterization, selection of chemicals of concern, and establishment of remedial goals;1.7.5.2 Evaluation of plume status;1.7.5.3 Collection and evaluation of additional data;1.7.5.4 Comparing remediation by natural attenuation performance to remedial goals;1.7.5.5 Comparing remediation by natural attenuation to other remedial options;1.7.5.6 Implementation of a continued monitoring program;1.7.5.7 Evaluation of progress of remediation by natural attenuation; and1.7.5.8 No further action.1.7.6 Section 7 lists keywords relevant to this guide.1.7.7 Appendix X1 describes natural attenuation processes;1.7.8 Appendix X2 describes site characterization requirements for evaluating remediation by natural attenuation;1.7.9 Appendix X3 describes considerations for designing and implementing monitoring for remediation by natural attenuation;1.7.10 Appendix X4 describes sampling considerations and analytical methods for determining indicator parameters for remediation by natural attenuation;1.7.11 Appendix X5 describes the interpretation of different lines of evidence as indicators of natural attenuation;1.7.12 Appendix X6 describes methods for evaluation and quantification of natural attenuation rates; and1.7.13 Appendix X7 describes example problems illustrating the application and implementation of remediation by natural attenuation.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of any regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 918元 / 折扣价： 781 元 加购物车

AbstractThe specification provides the standard dimensional requirements for obtaining, within practical limits, interchangeability in stopcocks and stoppers for ordinary laboratory and industrial applications. It solely covers ground surfaces dimensional interchangeability, and does not involve design characteristics of the item except where specified. Materials shall be tested and shall conform to the specified values of design, dimension, designation, tolerances, taper, and master gages; as stated in the requirements for Single Straight-Bore Taper-Ground Stopcocks, Single Oblique-Bore Stopcocks, Double Oblique-Bore (Three-Way) Stopcocks, T-Bore and 120-deg Bore Stopcocks, Taper-Ground Flask Stoppers, and Taper-Ground Bottle Stoppers.1.1 The specification provides standard dimensional requirements for obtaining, within practical limits, interchangeability in stopcocks and stoppers for ordinary laboratory and industrial applications. It covers dimensional interchangeability of the ground surfaces only and does not involve design characteristics of the item except where specified.NOTE 1: The dimensions pertaining to stopcocks and stoppers were taken from the Commercial Standard CS 21 of the U.S. Department of Commerce.NOTE 2: Although glass is the most commonly used material for stopcocks and stoppers, other materials may be used as specified. Stopcocks and stoppers constructed from glass should conform to Specifications E438 and E671.1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 This practice is intended to assist engineers, contractors and owner/operators of underground utilities and tunnels with the successful implementation of distributed optical fiber sensing for monitoring ground movements prior to construction for site planning and during utility and tunnel construction and operation and the impact of such ground movements on existing utilities.5.2 Before the installation of distributed optical fiber sensing begins, the contractor shall secure written explicit authorization from the owner/operator of the new tunnel/utility and the existing utilities allowing an evaluation to be conducted for the feasibility of distributed optical fiber sensing for monitoring ground movements for the intended purpose and to have access to certain locations of the structure and the surrounding ground. It may also be necessary for the installer to have written explicit authorization from applicable jurisdictional agencies such as the Department of Transportation, the Army Corps of Engineers, the Department of Environmental Protection and other.5.3 Engineers, contractors, and owners/operators shall also be cognizant of how the use of distributed optical fiber sensing for monitoring ground movements around utilities and tunnels might interfere with the use of certain equipment or tools near the installed optical fiber sensing cable in some special situations. For example, repair activities may have to temporarily remove, relocate, or avoid the optical fiber cable.5.4 Engineers, contractors, and owners/operators should be cognizant of how installation techniques and optical fiber (OF) cable location and protection can affect the performance of DOFSS.1.1 This practice specifically addresses the means and methods for the use of distributed optical fiber sensors for monitoring ground movements during tunnel and utility construction and its impact on existing utilities.1.2 This practice applies to the process of selecting suitable materials, design, installation, data collection, data processing and reporting of results.1.3 This practice applies to all utilities that transport water, sewage, oil, gas, chemicals, electric power, communications and mass media content.1.4 This practice applies to all tunnels that transport and/or store water or sewage.1.5 This practice also applies to tunnels that carry the utilities in (1.3), water for hydropower, traffic, rail, freight, capsule transport, and those used for storage.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers the required properties of only the ground surfaces of interchangeable taper-ground joints used in laboratory and industrial equipment in full-length, medium length, short length, and international length grindings. It includes information on the testing method for the products. After testing, samples should conform to the required quality of surface finish, taper, and leakage for the specific joint size designation.1.1 This specification covers designations, dimensions, and tolerances for only the ground surfaces of interchangeable taper-ground joints for laboratory and industrial equipment in full-length, medium-length, short-length, and international-length (ISO K-6 series) grindings.NOTE 1: The dimensions pertaining to full-length, medium-length, and short-length joints, other than for the tolerance on length of grind, were taken directly from the now obsolete Commercial Standard CS 21.NOTE 2: Tolerances on the diameters of the international-length joints do not agree with those given in ISO Recommendation R 383. These tolerances have been established to agree with those of CS 21 in order to prevent the negative projection (large end of inner joint being smaller than large end of outer joint) permitted by ISO.NOTE 3: Although glass is the most commonly used material for ground joints, other materials may be used as specified. Taper-ground joints constructed from glass should be of suitable chemical and thermal properties in accordance with Specification E438. Joints should be as free as possible of visible defects and conform to Specification E671.1.2 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the Test Method portion, Section 4, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 Pesticide regulations for the minimization of drift during pesticide application often require active ingredient (a.i.) product use under defined droplet size conditions. Spray performance with respect to transport and deposition of droplets and particles at target surfaces and product efficacy for desired applications are also affected by droplet size spectra. The effect of drift reduction adjuvants on droplet size spectra should be understood in this context. The present test method describes standard tests that can be conducted to investigate the performance of pesticide spray drift reduction adjuvants under simulated field use conditions for drift management decisions in the context of the entire spraying process. The measured reduction in driftable fines and shift in spray droplet size distribution can be used to reduce the buffer zones mandated by regulatory agencies.1.1 This test method is used to characterize the performance of pesticide spray drift reduction adjuvants with respect to spray droplet size spectra, volume of fines, and other use parameters under simulated field ground application conditions. This test method does not include any procedures to evaluate if pump shear degrades the performance of the spray drift reduction adjuvant.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.NOTE 1: This method uses industry-standard units. The following conversions to SI units are provided for convenience: 1 mph = 1.61 kph; 1 in = 2.54 cm; 1 gal/acre = 9.36 L/hectare.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers standard dimensional requirements for obtaining interchangeable spherical ground joints. This specification does not include physical, chemical, and design characteristics of material used. Dimensional requirements include socket member design, ball member design, size designation, dimensions, and interchangeability. Ground joints shall be tested for ball and socket dimensions and leakage. Leak rate shall be calculated based on change in differential pressure, evacuated volume and time of test.1.1 This specification covers standard dimensional requirements for obtaining, within practical limits, interchangeability in spherical ground joints for ordinary laboratory and industrial applications. It covers dimensional interchangeability of the ground surfaces only and does not involve design characteristics of the item except where specified, nor does it involve physical or chemical characteristics of the material used.NOTE 1: The dimensions pertaining to spherical ground joints were taken from the Commercial Standard CS 21–58 of the U.S. Department of Commerce.NOTE 2: Although glass is the most commonly used material for ground joints, other materials may be used as specified. Spherical joints constructed from glass shall conform to Specifications E438 and E671.1.2 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the Test Method portion, Section 4, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 Purging is done for a variety of reasons and the purging method may depend on the hydrogeologic setting, condition of the well, or the contaminants of interest and well production rates. well hydrological conditions, condition of the well, or the contaminants of interest, and well production rates. This guide presents an approach for selecting an appropriate purging method if purging is to be performed., Water above the screened interval or open borehole may not accurately reflect ambient ground water chemistry.NOTE 1: Some sampling methods, such as passive sampling, do not require the practice of purging prior to sample collection (1,2).34.2 There are various methods for purging. Each purging method may have a different volume of influence within the aquifer or screened interval. Therefore, a sample collected after purging by any one method is not necessarily equivalent to samples collected after purging by the other methods. The selection of the appropriate method will be dependent on several factors, which should be defined during the development of the sampling and analysis plan. This guide describes the methods available and defines the circumstances under which each method may be appropriate.1.1 This guide covers methods for purging wells used for ground water quality investigations and monitoring programs. These methods could be used for other types of programs but are not addressed in this guide.1.2 This guide applies only to wells sampled at the wellhead.1.3 This standard describes seven methods (A-G) for the selection of purging methods.Method A—Fixed Volume Purging,Method B—Purging Based on Stabilization of Indicator Parameters,Method C—Purging Based on Stabilization of Target Analytes,Method D—Purging Based on Fixed Volume Combined with Indicator Parameter Stabilization,Method E—Low Flow/Low Volume (Minimal Drawdown) Purging,Method F—Well Evacuation Purging, andMethod G—Use of Packers in Purging.1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this guide means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is part of an overall suite of related test methods that provide repeatable measures of robotic system mobility and remote operator proficiency. The operational endurance of a ground robot significantly impacts the performance of the robot during a variety of tasks. Robot endurance is a complex function of robot design, control scheme design, and energy storage selection. This test method evaluates the endurance of a robot through continuous operation on a complex surface. The continuous pitch/roll ramp terrain chosen for endurance testing specifically challenges robotic system locomotion, suspension systems to maintain traction, rollover tendencies, self-righting in complex terrain (if necessary), chassis shape variability (if available), and remote situational awareness by the operator. As such, it can be used to represent modest outdoor terrain complexity or indoor debris within confined areas. The endurance test standard provides a method in which the operational endurance of a large variety of robot sizes and locomotion system designs may be compared. The test provides both a measure of the endurance of the robot and a measure of the reliability of the robot when operating continuously for extended periods of time on complex terrains.5.2 The scale of the terrain apparatus can vary to provide different constraints depending on the typical obstacle spacing of the intended deployment environment. For example, the terrain with containment walls can be sized to represent repeatable complexity within bus, train, or plane aisles; dwellings with hallways and doorways; relatively open parking lots with spaces between cars; or unobstructed terrains.5.3 The test apparatuses are low cost and easy to fabricate so they can be widely replicated. The procedure is also simple to conduct. This eases comparisons across various testing locations and dates to determine best-in-class systems and operators.5.4 Evaluation—This test method can be used in a controlled environment to measure baseline capabilities. The endurance test apparatus can also be embedded into operational training scenarios to measure degradation due to uncontrolled variables in lighting, weather, radio communications, GPS accuracy, etc.5.5 Procurement—This test method can be used to identify inherent capability trade-offs in systems, make informed purchasing decisions, and verify performance during acceptance testing. This aligns requirement specifications and user expectations with existing capability limits.5.6 Training—This test method can be used to focus operator training as a repeatable practice task or as an embedded task within training scenarios. The resulting measures of remote operator proficiency enable tracking of perishable skills over time, along with comparisons of performance across squads, regions, or national averages.5.7 Innovation—This test method can be used to inspire technical innovation, demonstrate break-through capabilities, and measure the reliability of systems performing specific tasks within an overall mission sequence. Combining or sequencing multiple test methods can guide manufacturers toward implementing the combinations of capabilities necessary to perform essential mission tasks.1.1 This test method is intended for remotely operated ground robots operating in complex, unstructured, and often hazardous environments. It specifies the apparatuses, procedures, and performance metrics necessary to measure the mission endurance of a robot while traversing complex terrains in the form of continuous pitch/roll ramps or other standard terrains in the terrain suite. This test method is one of several ground robot tests that can be used to evaluate overall system capabilities.1.2 The robotic system includes a remote operator in control of all functionality, so an onboard camera and remote operator display are typically required. Assistive features or autonomous behaviors that improve the effectiveness or efficiency of the overall system are encouraged.1.3 Different user communities can set their own thresholds of acceptable performance within this test method for various mission requirements.1.4 Performing Location—This test method may be performed anywhere the specified apparatuses and environmental conditions can be implemented.1.5 Units—The International System of Units (SI Units) and U.S. Customary Units (Imperial Units) are used throughout this document. They are not mathematical conversions. Rather, they are approximate equivalents in each system of units to enable use of readily available materials in different countries. The differences between the stated dimensions in each system of units are insignificant for the purposes of comparing test method results, so each system of units is separately considered standard within this test method.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This guide covers safety and performance guidelines pertaining to in-ground skatepark facilities built primarily out of concrete and other designed materials. Any concrete materials and other designed materials intended to be used in the performance of the sports including skateboarding, inline skating and BMX biking shall be discussed. Other materials present in skatepark facilities include steel reinforcing and synthetic fibers. Physical properties such as concrete finish, surface flatness, and levelness shall be considered. In addition, expansion joints, filled control joints, and tooled control joints shall be discussed. Expansion joints should be placed where they are least likely to interfere with a wheel. Careful consideration to expansion joints location must be given, using the flow of skaters as critical design criteria. Size of control joint is not important. It must be a rigid control joint filler, which must be flush with the skating surface and close the joint completely. Also, joints should be placed where they are least likely to interfere with skate wheels, and a cut control joint is not possible. The placement of concrete on sloped radii or any areas incorporating a change in elevation is critical to the stability of the exposed steel material or concrete coping. The difficulty of achieving proper consolidation around the steel material and their reinforced attachments through the use of standard air removal consolidation techniques can lead to slumping and the creation of an air pocket around the steel material, which may not be visible during construction and may result in concrete failure on the riding surface. Skatepark signage, free standing or fixed fence, shall be provided and shall indicate the following: adult supervision of minors is or is not present; owner-operator emergency telephone numbers; emergency telephone numbers for medical, ambulance, and police; applicable regulations regarding the use of safety gear; presence of inherent risk in the participitation of skatepark activities; and drunk or users under the influence of drugs shall not participate in any skatepark activities.1.1 This guide covers safety and performance guidelines pertaining to in-ground skatepark facilities built primarily out of concrete and other designed materials. This guide pertains to any concrete materials and other designed materials intended to be used in the performance of the sports including skateboarding, inline skating and BMX biking. Items such as fencing, lighting, and operational structures are not intended to be a part of this guide.1.2 Tolerance: General Measures, Tolerances, and Conversions—General dimensional tolerances for this guide (unless otherwise noted) follow. These tolerances still apply to a dimension even when terms like greater than, less than, minimum, or maximum are used.Dimension ToleranceX in. or ft ±0.5 in.X.X in. ±0.05 in.X.XX in. ±0.005 in.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is part of an overall suite of related test methods that provide repeatable measures of human-system interaction capability including robotic system mobility, dexterity, inspection, remote operator proficiency, and situational awareness. In particular, the operator control unit (OCU) design and interface features may impact the operator’s ability to perform movement and inspection tasks with the robot.5.2 The test apparatuses are low cost and easy to fabricate so they can be widely replicated. The procedure is also simple to conduct. This eases comparisons across various testing locations, dates, and times to determine best-in-class systems and operators.5.3 Evaluation—This test method can be used in a controlled environment to measure baseline capabilities. It can also be embedded into operational training scenarios to measure degradation due to uncontrolled variables in lighting, weather, radio communications, GPS accuracy, etc.5.4 Procurement—This test method can be used to identify inherent capability trade-offs in systems, make informed purchasing decisions, and verify performance during acceptance testing. This aligns requirement specifications and user expectations with existing capability limits.5.5 Training—This test method can be used to focus operator training, as a repeatable practice task or as an embedded task within training scenarios. The resulting measures of remote operator proficiency enable tracking of perishable skills over time, along with comparisons of performance across squads, regions, or national averages.5.6 Innovation—This test method can be used to inspire technical innovation, demonstrate break-through capabilities, and measure the reliability of systems performing specific tasks within an overall mission sequence. Combining or sequencing multiple test methods can guide manufacturers toward implementing the combinations of capabilities necessary to perform essential mission tasks.1.1 This test method is intended for remotely operated ground robots operating in complex, unstructured, and often hazardous environments. It specifies the apparatuses, procedures, and performance metrics necessary to measure the capability of a robot to dexterously inspect objects of interest in the environment at various heights, depths, orientations, and confinement. This test method is one of several related dexterity tests that can be used to evaluate overall system capabilities.1.2 The robotic system typically includes a remote operator in control of all functionality, so an onboard camera and remote operator display are typically required. Assistive features or autonomous behaviors may improve the effectiveness or efficiency of the overall system.1.3 Different user communities can set their own thresholds of acceptable performance within this test method for various mission requirements.1.4 Performing Location—This test method may be performed anywhere the specified apparatuses and environmental conditions can be implemented.1.5 Units—The International System of Units (SI Units) and U.S. Customary Units (Imperial Units) are used throughout this test method. They are not mathematical conversions. Rather, they are approximate equivalents in each system of units to enable use of readily available materials in different countries. The differences between the stated dimensions in each system of units are insignificant for the purposes of comparing test method results, so each system of units is separately considered standard within this test method.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车