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5.1 Some process catalysts used in refining can be poisoned when trace amounts of sulfur bearing materials are contained in the feedstocks. There are also government regulations as to how much sulfur is permitted to be present in commercial transportation fuels. This test method can be used to determine sulfur in process and downstream distribution streams. It can also be used for purposes of screening and quality control of finished hydrocarbon fuel products.1.1 This test method covers the determination of total sulfur in liquid hydrocarbon based fuel with a final boiling point of up to 450 °C. It is applicable to analysis of natural, processed and final product materials containing sulfur in the range of 4.0 mg/kg to 830 mg/kg (see Note 1).NOTE 1: For liquid hydrocarbons containing less than 4.0 mg/kg total sulfur or more than 830 mg/kg total sulfur, Test Method D5453 may be more appropriate.1.2 This test method is applicable for total sulfur determination in liquid hydrocarbons containing less than 0.35 % (m/m) halogen(s).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 4.1, 8.3, and Section 9.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice is useful in identifying the major organic constituents in wastewater for support of effective in-plant or pollution control programs. Currently, the most practical means for tentatively identifying and measuring a range of volatile organic compounds is gas-liquid chromatography. Positive identification requires supplemental testing (for example, multiple columns, speciality detectors, spectroscopy, or a combination of these techniques).1.1 This practice covers general guidance applicable to certain test methods for the qualitative and quantitative determination of specific organic compounds, or classes of compounds, in water by direct aqueous injection gas chromatography (1, 2, 3, 4).21.2 Volatile organic compounds at aqueous concentrations greater than about 1 mg/L can generally be determined by direct aqueous injection gas chromatography.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is suitable for determining the quantity of hydrogen peroxide, organic hydroperoxides, and organic peroxides as total active oxygen in various hydrocarbon streams for both quality control and quality assurance of the product.1.1 This test method covers the determination of trace peroxides in various hydrocarbon streams. A list of typical hydrocarbon streams can be found in Appendix X2.1.2 This test method is applicable to the determination of peroxides in petroleum liquids including, but not limited to, 1,3-butadiene, styrene, methylcyclohexane, and alpha olefins in the range of 0.1 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg active oxygen. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.03 mg/kg for active oxygen and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 0.11 mg/kg active oxygen. The upper limit has been determined by the calibration range.NOTE 1: LOD and LOQ were calculated using data obtained during development of the method.1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This test method covers the general considerations for the qualitative and quantitative determination of volatile amines such as cyclohexylamine, morpholine, and diethylaminoethanol in steam condensates and surface water by gas-liquid chromatography. 1.2 This test method may be applied to water samples containing the amines in concentrations from 2 to 15 mg/L by direct injection of alkaline aqueous samples. Higher concentrations may be determined by appropriate dilution. 1.3 Although this test method is written for flame ionization detector, the basic technology is applicable to any highly sensitive nitrogen-specific detector provided water does not interfere with the measurement. 1.4 The test method may be extended to steam condensates containing low levels of these amines by adopting suitable concentration techniques such as steam distillation to bring the analyte concentration to an accurately quantifiable range. 1.5 The test method is applicable to other chromatographable amines by appropriately varying the chromatographic parameters. This must be validated by the individual analysts. 1.6 This test method has been used successfully with reagent-grade and boiler steam condensate waters. It is the user's responsibility to assure the validity of this test method for any untested matrices. 1.7 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 Gas chromatographic separation of solvents present in whole paints is the preferred first step for identifying and quantitating solvent compositions, using auxiliary procedures and techniques.1.1 This practice describes the techniques used to inject whole paint samples directly into a gas chromatograph to obtain a chromatogram from which the solvent composition may be established.2,31.2 This practice is not designed to be quantitative.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific hazard statement is given in 6.1.

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4.1 Use of 1,1,1-trichloroethane and dichloromethane, which do not measurably contribute to the atmospheric oxidant level, is a way for industry to meet government or other regulations on volatile organic compounds. This test method is designed to determine the content of these halohydrocarbon solvents in paints and coatings. That content can subsequently be used in calculating the volatile organic compound content of a coating.1.1 This test method covers the determination of total amount of dichloromethane or 1,1,1-trichloroethane, or both, in paints and coatings. It has been evaluated for cellulose nitrate, alkyd, vinyl, and styrene-butadiene systems. It has not yet been evaluated for other formulations, but is believed to be applicable. The established working range of this test method is from 31 to 65 % for 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 32 to 78 % for dichloromethane. There is no reason to believe it will not work outside of these ranges. The presence of 1-propanol in paints and coatings requires the use of a different internal standard. (See also Practice E260.)1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.

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5.1 It is well known that plastic test specimens molded under different conditions can have significantly different properties. This practice is designed to minimize those differences by establishing operating protocols without being unnecessarily restrictive.5.2 Always refer to the ASTM material specification or ISO designation for the material for recommended molding conditions. If not available, consult the material supplier.5.3 This practice requires the use of adequate quantities of plastic material to find desirable operating conditions and to make the desired test specimens.1.1 This practice covers the general principles to be followed when injection molding test specimens of thermoplastic molding and extrusion materials. This practice is used to obtain uniformity in methods of describing the various steps of the injection molding process and to set up uniform methods of reporting these conditions. The exact conditions required to prepare suitable specimens will vary for each plastic material. Any requirements or recommendations in the material specification that differ from this standard take precedence over those in this standard. Always consult the referenced material document for specimen preparation. If no referenced document exists, then consult the material supplier for specimen preparation guidance and note such in the test report.1.2 The methodology presented assumes the use of reciprocating screw injection molding machines.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: This practice is equivalent to the following parts of ISO 294: Plastics—Injection Moulding of Test Specimens of Thermoplastic Materials; 294-1: Part 1—General Principles and Multipurpose Test Specimens (ISO Type A Mould) and Bars (ISO Type B Mould); ISO 294-2: Part 2—Small Tensile Bars (ISO Type C Mould); ISO 294-3: Part 3—Plates (ISO Type D Moulds).1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers unfilled, filled, and reinforced styrene acrylonitrile (SAN) materials suitable for injection molding and extrusion. SAN compounds are typically general-purpose materials used in either molding or extrusion processes or applications. There are currently no group, class, or grade distinctions and no basic property table given. The SAN compounds are produced by the polymerization of the monomers acrylonitrile and styrene. The melt-flow rate, Vicat softening point, heat-deflection temperature, tensile strength at yield, flexural modulus, and glass content shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.1.1 This specification covers unfilled, filled, and reinforced styrene acrylonitrile (SAN) materials suitable for injection molding and extrusion.1.2 This classification system and subsequent line callout (specification) are intended to provide a means of calling out plastic materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection can be made by those having expertise in the plastic field only after careful consideration of the design and the performance required of the part, the environment to which it will be exposed, the fabrication process to be employed, the costs involved, and the inherent properties of the material other than those covered by this standard.1.3 The properties included in this standard are those required to identify the compositions covered. Other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications are to be specified using the suffixes specified in Section 5.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for information only.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: This standard and ISO 19064-1 and ISO 4894-2 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content. Although this standard and ISO 19064-1 and ISO 4894-2 differ in approach or detail, data obtained using either are technically equivalent.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 CCl4 and CHCl3 may be present in trace amounts in liquid chlorine. The use of chlorine to purify water would then transfer these compounds to the water. Therefore, when the concentrations of the CCl4 and CHCl3 in the liquid chlorine are known, the maximum amounts contributed to the water by the chlorine can be estimated.1.1 This test method is designed for the determination of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and chloroform (CHCl3) in liquid chlorine. The lower limit of detection is dependent on the sample size and the instrument used; five ppm (w/w) is achievable.1.2 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 7 and in 9.2.3.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Low operating temperature fuel cells such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) require high purity hydrogen for maximum performance. The following are the reported effects (SAE TIR J2719) of the compounds determined by this test method.5.2 Carbon Dioxide (CO2), acts largely as a diluent; however, in the fuel cell environment, CO2 can be transformed into CO.5.3 Water (H2O), is an inert impurity, as it does not affect the function of a fuel cell stack; however, it provides a transport mechanism for water-soluble contaminants, such as Na+ or K+. In addition, it may form ice on valve internal surface at cold weather or react exothermally with metal hydride used as hydrogen fuel storage.5.4 Inert Gases (N2 and Ar), do not normally react with fuel cell components or fuel cell system and are considered diluents. Diluents can decrease fuel cell stack performance.5.5 Oxygen (O2), in low concentrations is considered an inert impurity, as it does not adversely affect the function of a fuel cell stack; however, it is a safety concern for vehicle on board fuel storage as it can react violently with hydrogen to generate water and heat.1.1 This test method describes a procedure primarily for the determination of carbon dioxide, argon, nitrogen, oxygen, and water in high pressure fuel cell grade hydrogen by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) with injection of sample at the same pressure as sample without pressure reduction, which is called “Jet Pulse Injection.” The procedures described in this method were designed to measure carbon dioxide at 0.5 micromole per mole (ppmv), Argon 1 ppmv, nitrogen 5 ppmv, oxygen 2 ppmv, and water 4 ppmv.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 The mention of trade names in standard does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Other manufacturers of equipment or equipment models can be used.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This classification and subsequent line callout (specification) cover styrenic block copolymer thermoplastic elastomer materials for injection molding and extrusion. Copolymers consist of polystyrene segments bound to rubbery segments. The rubbery segments may be saturated or unsaturated. Compounding ingredients may be present as necessary for the application. The compounding ingredients may consist of reinforcements, resins, plasticizers, fillers, stabilizers, and colorants. Recycled styrenic thermoplastic elastomers are not covered in this classification.1.2 The properties included in this classification are those required to identify the compositions covered. There may be other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics that are important to specialized applications. These may be described by using the suffixes specified in Section 5.1.3 The values stated in SI units, as detailed in IEEE/ASTM SI 10, are to be regarded as the standard.Note 1--There is no equivalent ISO standard.

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5.1 Cyanide and hydrogen cyanide are highly toxic. Regulations have been established to require the monitoring of cyanide in industrial and domestic wastes and surface waters.35.2 This test method is applicable for natural waters, industrial wastewaters and effluents.1.1 This test method is used to determine the concentration of total cyanide in an aqueous wastewater or effluent. This test method detects the cyanides that are free (HCN and CN–) and strong-metal-cyanide complexes that dissociate and release free cyanide when refluxed under strongly acidic conditions.1.2 This test method may not be applicable to process solutions from precious metals mining operations.1.3 This procedure is applicable over a range of approximately 2 to 500 μg/L (parts per billion) total cyanide. Higher concentrations can be measured with sample dilution or lower injection volume.1.4 The determinative step of this test method utilizes flow injection with amperometric detection based on Test Method D6888. Prior to analysis, samples must be distilled with a micro-distillation apparatus described in this test method or with a suitable cyanide distillation apparatus specified in Test Methods D2036.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 8.6 and Section 9.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide is intended to be used in the selection and installation of chemical grout to seal leaks in concrete walls, floors, and ceilings. The procedure described in this guide focuses on the injection of through-wall cracks, but may be adapted to cold joints, control joints, voids associated with penetrations, and other voids contributing to water intrusion through concrete elements. This guide is intended to assist the building owner, owner’s representative, architect, engineer, contractor, or authorized inspector, or combinations thereof, during the selection, specification, or installation, or combinations thereof, of chemical grout for waterproofing repair.4.2 Prior to attempting any repair, it is important for all parties to have a clear and mutual understanding of the limitations of the repair and the iterative nature of the process. Injection of chemical grout does not affect the source of a leak. The repair obstructs the infiltration of water at a specific location only. The flow of water will be diverted elsewhere, and it is common for water to subsequently appear at a different location that was previously dry. A successful campaign at a given location can significantly reduce the amount of water infiltration, but may not fully prevent leakage. Given the nature of the materials and application technique, and depending on the conditions, the repairs should be periodically monitored and additional repair installations may be required.4.3 This guide is applicable to installations at below-grade walls and slabs. At above-grade elements, temperature variation on a daily or seasonal basis may lead to significant or more frequent changes, or both, in the width of a crack or joint. The use of injected chemical grout may be appropriate for many above-grade applications, but this guide does not specifically address installation of grout in dynamic cracks or joints.4.4 Cracks in below-grade walls may be a sign of structural distress. Prior to the injection of chemical grout, the overall conditions and context of the damage should be assessed to determine if a non-structural repair is appropriate.4.5 This guide does not address repairs intended to provide a seal against air leakage or air infiltration.4.6 Project-specific or environmental conditions such as existing construction, prior waterproofing installations, access, water volume or flow rate, water chemistry, temperature, humidity, and other factors may warrant the evaluation of curtain grouting as an alternative to crack injection.4.7 Practices F2304, F2414, and F2454 describe materials and procedures related to the use of chemical grout to seal components of sewer systems. While the specific procedures differ from those described in this guide, the standards contain general information on chemical grouting materials and methods that may be of interest to those involved with waterproofing repair of building elements.4.8 This guide does not address the use of particulate grouts or epoxy as an injection material.1.1 This guide describes the selection of materials, installation methods, and inspection required for sealing leaks at cracks in concrete building walls and slabs using chemical grout. The process discussed in this guide is a waterproofing repair in which voids in a concrete element are sealed with a reactive solution, installed by pressurized injection through drilled or surface-mounted ports.1.2 This guide does not address the use of chemical grout for waterproofing by curtain grouting or injection into preplaced permeable waterstop tubes. Injection of masonry elements presents additional factors beyond the scope of this guide. This guide does not address the use of injectable materials for structural repairs or for geotechnical applications such as soil stabilization.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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