The test methods in this standard may be used to measure the concentrations of 99Tc, 230Th, and 234U in soil samples. The test methods are applicable to soils that have been contaminated by nuclear-related activities such as uranium ore processing and uranium enrichment. The FI concentration step reduces detection limits by approximately a factor of ten compared to ICP-MS with conventional sample introduction. Approximate IDLs are listed in Table 1.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring 99Tc and a procedure for measuring 230Th and 234U in soils. It is applicable to background soils and soils that have been contaminated by nuclear processes. It is intended as an alternative to radiochemical methods because it is faster, requires less labor, and produces less waste than many radiochemical methods.1.2 Samples are dried, ground, dissolved by fusion, and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). A sequential flow injection (FI) technique is used to provide lower detection limits than those obtained with direct aspiration into an ICP-MS, and, in the case of 99Tc, provides separation from interferences.1.3 The 230Th and 234U procedure also would work for 232Th, 235U, and 238U, but the FI preconcentration usually is not required to measure these isotopes at the concentrations typically found in soils.1.4 This test method is guided by quality control procedures derived from U.S. EPA procedures for inorganic analysis reported in SW-846 and the Contract Laboratory Program Statement of Work. The required level of quality control may vary between laboratories and projects. Laboratory statistical quality control procedures are required to ensure that this test method is reliable.1.5 Becquerel (Bq) is the acceptable metric unit for radionuclide activity. However, picocurie (pCi) frequently is the unit used to express regulatory limits for radioactivity. The values stated in either of these units shall be regarded as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.1.6 Refer to Practice C 998 for information on soil sample collection.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This specification is intended to provide a callout system for thermoplastic polyester (TPES) injection and extrusion materials, both virgin and recycled, based on ISO test methods. However, the proportions of recycled material used, and the nature and amount of any contaminant, as well as the selection of materials cannot be covered practically in this specification. Materials are classified into groups according to their composition, and are further subdivided into classes and grades as specified. Individual groups shall be identified in accordance to performance properties as to tensile strength, tensile modulus, Charpy impact strength, deflection temperature, melt flow rate, and density.1.1 This classification system covers thermoplastic polyester materials suitable for molding or extrusion.1.2 This classification system allows for the use of recycled thermoplastic polyester materials provided that the requirements as stated in this classification system and subsequent line callout (specification) are met. The proportions of recycled material used, as well as the nature and amount of any contaminant, however, cannot be covered practically in this specification.1.3 The properties included in this standard are those required to identify the compositions covered. Other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications are to be specified by using the suffixes as given in Section 5.1.4 This classification system and subsequent line callout (specification) are intended to provide a means of calling out plastic materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection can be made by those having expertise in the plastic field only after careful consideration of the design and performance required of the part, the environment to which it will be exposed, the fabrication process to be used, the costs involved, and the inherent properties of the material other than those covered by this specification.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 The following hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: This standard and ISO 7792-1:2012 and ISO 7792-2:2012 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.

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5.1 Cyanide and hydrogen cyanide are highly toxic. Regulations have been established to require the monitoring of cyanide in industrial and domestic wastes and surface waters.45.2 It is useful to determine the aquatic free cyanide to establish an index of toxicity when a wastewater is introduced into the natural environment at a given pH and temperature.5.3 This test method is applicable for natural water, saline waters, and wastewater effluent.5.4 Free cyanide measured using this test method is applicable for implementation of the International Cyanide Code Guidance in accordance with Guide D7728.1.1 This test method is used to establish the concentration of free cyanide in an aqueous wastewater, effluent and in-stream free cyanide concentrations after mixing treated water with receiving water. The test conditions of this test method are used to measure free cyanide (HCN and CN–) and cyanide bound in the metal-cyanide complexes that are easily dissociated into free cyanide ions at the pH of 6. Free cyanide is determined at pH 6 at room temperature. The aquatic free cyanide can be determined by matching the pH to the water in the receiving environment in the range of pH 6 to 8. The extent of HCN formation is less dependent on temperature than the pH; however, the temperature can be regulated if deemed necessary for aquatic free cyanide to further simulate the actual aquatic environment.1.2 The free cyanide test method is based on the same instrumentation and technology that is described in Test Method D6888, but employs milder conditions (pH 6–8 buffer versus HCl or H2SO4 in the reagent stream), and does not utilize ligand displacement reagents.1.3 The aquatic free cyanide measured by this procedure should be similar to actual levels of HCN in the original aquatic environment. This in turn may give a reliable index of toxicity to aquatic organisms.1.4 This procedure is applicable over a range of approximately 5 to 500 μg/L (parts per billion) free cyanide. Sample dilution may increase cyanide recoveries depending on the cyanide speciation; therefore, it is not recommended to dilute samples. Higher concentrations can be analyzed by increasing the range of calibration standards or with a lower injection volume. In accordance with Guide E1763 and Practice D6512 the lower scope limit was determined to be 9 μg/L for chlorinated gold leaching barren effluent water and the IQE10 % is 12 µg/L in the gold processing detoxified reverse osmosis permeate waste water sample matrix.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This test method is not recommended for samples that contain reduced sulfur compounds such as sulfides.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 8.6 and Section 9.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Cyanide and hydrogen cyanide are highly toxic. Regulations have been established to require the monitoring of cyanide in industrial and domestic wastewaters and surface waters.45.2 This test method is applicable for natural water, saline waters, and wastewater effluent.5.3 This test method may be used for process control in wastewater treatment facilities.5.4 The spot test outlined in Test Methods D2036, Annex A1, can be used to detect cyanide and thiocyanate in water or wastewater, and to approximate its concentration.1.1 This test method is used for determining total cyanide in drinking and surface waters, as well as domestic and industrial wastes. Cyanide ion (CN–), hydrogen cyanide in water (HCN(aq)), and the cyano-complexes of zinc, copper, cadmium, mercury, nickel, silver, and iron may be determined by this test method. Cyanide ions from Au(I), Co(III), Pd(II), and Ru(II) complexes are only partially determined.1.2 The method detection limit (MDL) is 1.0 μg/L cyanide and the minimum level (ML) is 3 μg/L. The applicable range of the method is 3 to 500 μg/L cyanide using a 200-μL sample loop. Extend the range to analyze higher concentrations by sample dilution or changing the sample loop volume.1.3 This test method can be used by analysts experienced with equipment using segmented flow analysis (SFA) and flow injection analysis (FIA) or working under the close supervision of such qualified persons.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 8.5 and Section 9.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Withdrawal or injection well test field procedures are used with appropriate analytical procedures in appropriate hydrogeological sites to determine transmissivity and storage coefficient of aquifers and hydraulic conductivity of confining beds.5.2 Practice D3740 provides evaluation factors for the activities in this test method.NOTE 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.5.3 This test method may be limited due to the correspondence between the field situation determined by this test method and the simplifying assumptions of the analytical Test Methods D4105/D4105M or D4106 and D4043.1.1 This test method covers the field procedure for selecting well locations, controlling change (discharge or injection) rates, and measuring water levels used to analyze the hydraulic properties of an aquifer or aquifers and adjacent confining beds.1.2 This test method is used in conjunction with an analytical procedure such as Test Methods D4105/D4105M or D4106 to evaluate the data and determine aquifer properties.1.3 The appropriate field and analytical procedures are selected as described in Guide D4043.1.4 Limitations—The limitations of this test method are primarily related to the correspondence between the field situation determined by this test method and the simplifying assumptions of the analytical Test Methods D4105/D4105M or D4106 and D4043.1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design.1.7 This test method offers a set of instructions for performing one or more operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all aspects of this standard may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a projects many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This classification system covers nylon injection and extrusion materials. Nylon materials are classified into groups according to their composition. Groups are further classified into classes and grades. Grades are identified by a single letter that indicates the reinforcement or filler used and two digits, in multiples of 5, which indicate the nominal quantity in weight percent. Specific requirements for variations of nylon materials shall be shown by a six-character designator. Suffixes shall be used for those properties not covered by basic requirements. Specific suffix requirements shall always take precedence over basic requirements. Tensile strength, flexural strength, Izod impact resistance, deflection temperature, and density shall be done on test pieces based on injection molded ISO 3167 type multipurpose test specimens. Conditioning, preparation, testing, inspection, packaging, and marking shall be in conformance to the requirements in this standard classification system.1.1 This classification system covers nylon materials suitable for injection molding and extrusion. Some of these compositions are also suitable for compression molding and application from solution.1.2 The properties included in this classification system are those required to identify the compositions covered. There may be other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications. These may be specified by using the suffixes as given in Section 5.1.3 This classification system and subsequent line call-out (specification) are intended to provide a means of calling out plastic materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection should be made by those having expertise in the plastic field after careful consideration of the design and the performance required of the part, the environment to which it will be exposed, the fabrication process to be employed, the costs involved, and the inherent properties of the material other than those covered by this classification system.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this classification system. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.NOTE 2: This classification system is being revised to include international 4-mm specimens and test procedures as the standard for compliance. The 3.2-mm specimens; test methods; and Tables PA, A, and B are included in Appendix X3 as a reference for those wishing to use them. It is recommended that the material manufacturer be consulted on all call-outs against this classification system.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Test Method—The constant pressure injection test method is used to determine the transmissivity and storativity of low-permeability formations surrounding packed-off intervals. Advantages of the method are: (1) it avoids the effect of well-bore storage, (2) it may be employed over a wide range of rock mass permeabilities, and (3) it is considerably shorter in duration than the conventional pump and slug tests used in more permeable rocks.5.2 Analysis—The transient water flow rate data obtained using the suggested test method are evaluated by the curve-matching technique described by Jacob and Lohman (1)4 and extended to analysis of single fractures by Doe et al. (2). If the water flow rate attains steady state, it may be used to calculate the transmissivity of the test interval (3).NOTE 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.NOTE 3: The function of wells in any unconfined setting in a fractured terrain might make the determination of k problematic because the wells might only intersect tributary or subsidiary channels or conduits. The problems determining the k of a channel or conduit notwithstanding, the partial penetration of tributary channels may make determination of a meaningful number difficult. If plots of k in carbonates and other fractured settings are made and compared, they may show no indication that there are conduits or channels present, except when with the lowest probability one maybe intersected by a borehole and can be verified, such problems are described by Worthington (4) and Smart, 1999 (5). Additional guidance can be found in Guide D5717.1.1 This test method covers a field procedure for determining the transmissivity and storativity of geological formations having permeabilities lower than 10−3 μm2 (1 millidarcy) using constant head injection.1.2 The transmissivity and storativity values determined by this test method provide a good approximation of the capacity of the zone of interest to transmit water, if the test intervals are representative of the entire zone and the surrounding rock is fully water-saturated.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.NOTE 1: Unit Conversions—The permeability of a formation is often expressed in terms of the unit darcy (non-SI). A porous medium has a permeability of 1 Darcy when a fluid of viscosity 1 cp (1 mPa·s) flows through it at a rate of 1 cm3/s (10–6 m3/s)/1 cm2 (10–4 m2) cross-sectional area at a pressure differential of 1 atm (101.4 kPa)/1 cm (10 mm) of length. One Darcy corresponds to 0.987 μm2. For water as the flowing fluid at 20°C, a hydraulic conductivity of 9.66 μm/s corresponds to a permeability of 1 Darcy. Permeabilities may also be expressed as millidarcy (md), which is not an SI unit.1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This classification system covers reinforced and filled poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) materials suitable for injection molding and extrusion. This classification system is not intended for the selection of materials, but only as a means to call out plastic materials to be used for the manufacture of parts. The physical properties of the materials must meet the required tensile strength, flexural modulus, Izod impact strength, flexural strength, and density.1.1 This classification system covers reinforced and filled poly(phenylene sulfide) materials suitable for injection molding and extrusion.1.2 This classification system is not intended for the selection of materials, but only as a means to call out plastic materials to be used for the manufacture of parts. The selection of these materials shall be made by personnel with expertise in the plastics field where the environment, inherent properties of the materials, performance of the parts, part design, manufacturing process, and economics are considered.1.3 The properties included in this classification system are those required to identify the compositions covered. If necessary, other requirements identifying particular characteristics important to specific applications shall be designated by using the suffixes given in Section 5 or Classification System D4000.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.NOTE 2: ASTM Standard D6358 provides a classification system for the same materials covered in this standard, along with additional PPS materials, with the major difference being its use of ISO test methods, versus the use of ASTM test methods in this standard. The user of this standard is encouraged to evaluate switching to the use of Standard D6358 as it is more up to date with current practices.1.5 This precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portion of this classification system, Section 12. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 In order to calculate volatile organic content (VOC) in waterborne paints, it is necessary to know the water content. This gas chromatographic test method provides a relatively simple and direct way to determine water content.1.1 This test method is for the determination of the total water content of waterborne paints. It has been evaluated for latex systems (styrene-butadiene, poly(vinylacetate)-acrylic, acrylic), epoxy acrylic resin systems and acrylic systems. The established working range of this test method is from 15 % to 90 %. There is no reason to believe that it will not work outside of this range.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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