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定价： 819元 / 折扣价： 697 元

定价： 819元 / 折扣价： 697 元

This document specifies the features of laser-based powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M) and provides detailed design recommendations.Some of the fundamental principles are also applicable to other additive manufacturing (AM) processes, provided that due consideration is given to the process-specific features.This document also provides a state of the art review of design guidelines associated with the use of powder bed fusion (PBF) by bringing together relevant knowledge about this process and by extending the scope of ISO/ASTM 52910.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers the standard requirements for laser beam welded, black plain end steel pipe for use in the conveyance of fluids under pressure. Dimensions and weight [mass] per unit length of pipes with designated NPS sizes and specified nominal wall thickness shall be given. Heat and product analysis shall be performed wherein steel shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, sulfur, and phosphorus. The steel shall conform to the required tensile properties such as minimum and maximum yield strength. The following tests shall be conducted, namely: Charpy V-notch test; weld ductility test; and hydrostatic test.1.1 This specification covers laser beam welded, black, plain end steel pipe for use in the conveyance of fluids under pressure. Pipe in sizes NPS 1 to 26, inclusive, with nominal wall thickness 0.750 in. [19.1 mm] or less, as given in Table 1, is included. Pipe having other dimensions, in this size range, may be furnished provided such pipe complies with all other requirements of this specification.1.2 It is intended that the pipe be capable of being circumferentially welded in the field when welding procedures in accordance with the requirements of the applicable pipeline construction code are used.1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or in SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values in each system are not exact equivalents: therefore, each system is to be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.1.4 The following precautionary statement pertains to the test method portion, Section 14, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This document specifies the features of laser-based powder bed fusion of polymers (LB-PBF-P) and provides detailed design recommendations. Some of the fundamental principles are also applicable to other additive manufacturing (AM) processes, provided that due consideration is given to process-specific features. This document also provides a state-of-the-art review of design guidelines associated with the use of powder bed fusion (PBF) by bringing together relevant knowledge about this process and by extending the scope of ISO/ASTM 52910.

定价： 525元 / 折扣价： 447 元 加购物车

1.1 This document provides guidance and recommendations for the qualification of polymeric materials intended for laser-based powder bed fusion of polymers (PBF-LB/P). The parameters and recommendations presented in this document relate mainly to the material polyamide 12 (PA12), but references are also made to polyamide 11 (PA11). The parameters and recommendations set forth herein cannot be applicable to other polymeric materials.1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 562元 / 折扣价： 478 元 加购物车

1.1 This document specifies requirements and test methods for the qualification and re-qualification of laser beam machines for metal powder bed fusion additive manufacturing for aerospace applications.1.2 It can also be used to verify machine features during periodic inspections or following maintenance and repair activities.

定价： 487元 / 折扣价： 414 元 加购物车

1.1 This document specifies requirements for the qualification of operators of laser metal powder bed fusion machines and equipment for additive manufacturing in aerospace applications.1.2 This document is applicable if the operator qualification testing is required by contract or by application standards in the field of aerospace.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 702元 / 折扣价： 597 元 加购物车

5.1 Moisture measurement in natural gas is performed to ensure sufficiently low levels for gas purchase contracts and to prevent corrosion. Moisture may also contribute to the formation of hydrates.5.2 The significance of applying TDLAS for the measurement of moisture in natural gas is TDLAS analyzers may have a very high degree of selectivity and minimal interference in many natural gas streams. Additionally, the sensing components of the analyzer are not wetted by the natural gas, limiting the potential damage from corrosives such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and liquid contaminants such as ethylene glycol or compressor oils. As a result, the TDLAS analyzer is able to detect changes in concentration with relatively rapid response. It should be noted that the mirrors of a TDLAS analyzer may be fouled if large quantities of condensed liquids enter the sample cell. In most cases the mirror can be cleaned without the need for recalibration or realignment.5.3 Primary applications covered in this method are listed in 5.3.1 – 5.3.3. Each application may have differing requirements and methods for gas sampling. Additionally, different natural gas applications may have unique spectroscopic considerations.5.3.1 Raw natural gas is found in production, gathering sites, and inlets to gas-processing plants characterized by potentially high levels of water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and heavy hydrocarbons. Gas-conditioning plants and skids are normally used to remove H2O, CO2, H2S, and other contaminants. Typical moisture concentration after dehydration is roughly 20 to 200 ppmv. Protection from liquid carryover such as heavy hydrocarbons and glycols in the sample lines is necessary to prevent liquid pooling in the cell or the sample components.5.3.2 Underground gas storage facilities are high-pressure caverns used to store large volumes of gas for use during peak demand. Underground storage caverns can reach pressures as high as 275 bar. Multistage and heated regulator systems are usually required to overcome significant temperature drops resulting from gas expansion in the sample.5.3.3 High-quality “sales gas” is found in transportation pipelines, natural gas distribution (utilities), and natural gas power plant inlets. The gas is characterized by a very high percentage of methane (90 to 100 %) with small quantities of other hydrocarbons and trace levels of contaminates.1.1 This test method covers online determination of vapor phase moisture concentration in natural gas using a tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) analyzer also known as a “TDL analyzer.” The particular wavelength for moisture measurement varies by manufacturer; typically between 1000 and 10 000 nm with an individual laser having a tunable range of less than 10 nm.1.2 Process stream pressures can range from 700-mbar to 700-bar gage. TDLAS is performed at pressures near atmospheric (700- to 2000-mbar gage); therefore, pressure reduction is typically required. TDLAS can be performed in vacuum conditions with good results; however, the sample conditioning requirements are different because of higher complexity and a tendency for moisture ingress and are not covered by this test method. Generally speaking, the vent line of a TDL analyzer is tolerant to small pressure changes on the order of 50 to 200 mbar, but it is important to observe the manufacturer’s published inlet pressure and vent pressure constraints. Large spikes or steps in backpressure may affect the analyzer readings.1.3 The typical sample temperature range is -20 to 65 °C in the analyzer cell. While sample system design is not covered by this standard, it is common practice to heat the sample transport line to around 50 °C to avoid concentration changes associated with adsorption and desorption of moisture along the walls of the sample transport line.1.4 The moisture concentration range is 1 to 10 000 parts per million by volume (ppmv). It is unlikely that one spectrometer cell will be used to measure this entire range. For example, a TDL spectrometer may have a maximum measurement of 1 ppmv, 100 ppmv, 1000 ppmv, or 10 000 ppmv with varying degrees of accuracy and different lower detection limits.1.5 TDL absorption spectroscopy measures molar ratios such as ppmv or mole percentage. Volumetric ratios (ppmv and %) are not pressure dependent. Weight-per-volume units such as milligrams of water per standard cubic metre or pounds of water per standard cubic foot can be derived from ppmv at a specific condition such as standard temperature and pressure (STP). Standard conditions may be defined differently for different regions and entities. The dew point can be estimated from ppmv and pressure. Refer to Test Method D1142 and ISO 18453.1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Section 8 on Hazards.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 In many cases, equipment failure modes are identified by wear debris that is not captured in used lubricating oil samples but captured on chip detectors, filters or by other means. Users of this technique include, but are not limited to, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), commercial airlines, civil aerospace operators, maintenance repair and overhaul (MRO) facilities, and military maintenance personnel.1.1 This test method describes a means for quantitative determination of wear debris found in in-service lubricants by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). LIBS is an analytical technology that uses short laser pulses to create micro hot-plasma ablation of a material and then employs spectroscopic tools for analysis.21.2 This method covers the means for alloy classification and sizing of wear debris. Wear debris sources can include, but are not limited to: (1) chip collector and chip detector devices, (2) filters, (3) ferrograms, and (4) loose particles. The 23 tested alloys and metals included in the default material library of the instrument are listed in Table 1.1.3 The method for alloy classification and sizing of wear debris is not limited to the list of alloys in Table 1. The instrument has the capability of including additional alloys and metals as required.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 It is important to recognize that the results obtained by this test method or any other method for particle size determination utilizing different physical principles may disagree. The results are strongly influenced by physical principles employed by each method of particle size analysis. The results of any particle sizing method should be used only in a relative sense and should not be regarded as absolute when comparing results obtained by other methods. Particularly for fine materials (that is, average particle size < 20 μm), significant differences are often observed for laser light scattering instruments of different manufacturers. These differences include lasers of different wavelengths, detector configuration, and the algorithms used to convert scattering to particle size distribution. Therefore, comparison of results from different instruments may be misleading.35.2 Light scattering theories (Fraunhofer Diffraction4 and Mie Scattering5) that are used for determination of particle size have been available for many years. Several manufacturers of testing equipment now have units based on these principles. Although each type of testing equipment utilizes the same basic principles for light scattering as a function of particle size, different assumptions pertinent to application of the theory and different models for converting light measurements to particle size, may lead to different results for each instrument. Furthermore, any particles which are outside the size measurement range of the instrument will be ignored, causing an increase in the reported percentages within the detectable range. A particle size distribution which ends abruptly at the detection limit of the instrument may indicate that particles outside the range are present. Therefore, use of this test method cannot guarantee directly comparable results from different types of instruments.5.3 This test method can be used to determine particle size distributions of catalysts, supports, and catalytic raw materials for specifications, manufacturing control, and research and development work.5.4 For fine materials (that is, average particle size < 20 μm), it is critical that Mie Scattering Theory be applied. This involves entering an “optical model” consisting of the “real” and “imaginary” refractive indices of the solid at the wavelength of the laser. The “imaginary” refractive index is also referred to as the “absorbance,” as it has a value of zero for transparent materials such as glass beads. For common materials and naturally occurring minerals (for example, kaolin), these values are known and published, and usually included in the manufacturer’s instrument manual (for example, as an appendix). For example, kaolinite measured at 589.3 nm has a “real” refractive index of 1.55. The absorbance (imaginary component) for minerals and metal oxides is normally taken as 0.001, 0.01 or 0.1. Many of the published values were measured at 589.3 nm (sodium light) but often values at other wavelengths are also given. Extrapolation, interpolation, or estimation to the wavelength of the laser being used can therefore be made.61.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle size distribution of catalyst, catalyst carrier, and catalytic raw material particles and is one of several found valuable for the measurement of particle size. The range of average particle sizes investigated was from 1 to 300 μm equivalent spherical diameter. The technique is capable of measuring particles above and below this range. The angle and intensity of laser light scattered by the particles are selectively measured to permit calculation of a volume distribution using light-scattering techniques.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification covers additive manufacturing of parts manufactured via laser beam powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) processing of Grade 4340 (UNS G43400) used in transportation applications, including automotive applications. Parts made using this processing method require heat treatment to achieve maximum strength and are typically used in applications that require mechanical properties similar to wrought Grade 4340 (UNS G43400) products. Products built to this specification may require additional post-processing in the form of machining, polishing etc. to meet necessary surface finish and dimensional tolerances.1.2 This specification describes the required facility, training, equipment, and processing requirements necessary to support the production of parts with properties and associated quality metrics outlined in a part classification structure.1.3 This specification is intended for the use of purchasers or producers, or both, of PBF-LB Grade 4340 (UNS G43400) parts for defining the requirements based on classification methodology. These requirements shall be agreed upon by the part supplier and purchaser.1.4 Users are advised to use this specification as a basis for obtaining parts that will meet the minimum acceptance requirements established and revised by consensus of committee members.1.5 User requirements considered more stringent may be met by additional requirements in the purchase order.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车