定价： 910元 / 折扣价： 774 元

4.1 The Webster hardness gage is portable and therefore useful for in situ determination of the hardness of fabricated parts and individual test specimens for production control purposes. It is not as sensitive as Rockwell or Brinell hardness machines; see 10.2.4.2 This test method should be used only as cited in applicable material specifications.1.1 This test method covers the determination of indentation hardness of aluminum alloys with a Webster hardness gage, Model B.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.NOTE 1: Two other models, A and B-75, are in use, but are not covered in this test method. Model A does not provide numerical values of hardness and Model B-75 covers only a part of the range of interest for aluminum alloys.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 The Barcol Impressor is portable and therefore useful for in situ determination of the hardness of fabricated parts and individual test specimens for production control purposes.4.2 This test method should be used only as cited in applicable material specifications.1.1 This test method covers the determination of indentation hardness of aluminum alloys using a Barcol Impressor.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.2.1 Some Barcol Impressors are for use on plastics and are not included in this test method and should not be used for aluminum alloys.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 The results obtained by this test method are simply a measure of the indentation into the sealant material of the indentor under load; they are not generally considered a measure of abrasion or wear resistance of the sealant.1.1 This test method describes a laboratory procedure for determining indentation hardness of joint sealing compounds (single- and multicomponent) intended for use in building construction.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not aware of any comparable standards published by other organizations.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

3.1 Measurement of dry film thickness of organic coatings by physically cutting through the film and optically observing and measuring the thickness offers the advantage of direct measurement as compared with nondestructive means.3.2 Constituent coating layers of an overall thickness of a coating system can usually be measured individually by this test method, provide adhesion between each layer is sufficient. (However, this can be difficult in cases where the primer, topcoat, or multiple coating layers have the same, or very similar, appearance.)FIG. 1 Typical Crater Formed by Boring DeviceNOTE 1: The drawing is not to scale. It is for illustration purposes only.NOTE 2: θ  = 5.710593°  Tan θ = A/B = 0.1   A = 0.1B1.1 This test method covers the measurement of dry film thickness (DFT) of coating films by microscopic observation of a precision-cut, shallow-angle crater bored into the coating film. This crater reveals cross sectional layers appearing as rings, whose width is proportional to the depth of the coating layer(s) and allows for direct calculation of dry film thickness.1.1.1 The Apparatus, Procedure, and Precision and Bias discussions include Method A and Method B. Method A involves the use of an optical measurement apparatus which is no longer commercially available, but remains a valid method of dry film measurement. Method B is a software driven measurement procedure that supersedes Method A.1.2 The substrate may be any rigid, metallic material, such as cold-rolled steel, hot-dipped galvanized steel, aluminum, etc. The substrate must be planar with the exception of substrates exhibiting “coil set,” which may be held level by the use of the clamping tool on the drilling device.NOTE 1: Variations in the surface profile of the substrate may result in misrepresentative organic coating thickness readings. This condition may exist over substrates such as hot-dipped, coated steel sheet. This is true of all “precision cut” methods that are used to determine dry film thickness of organic coatings. This is why several measurements across the strip may be useful if substrate surface profile is suspect.1.3 The range of thickness measurement is 0 to 3.5 mils (0 to 89 μm).NOTE 2: For DFT measurements of films greater than 3.5 mils (89μm), but less than 63 mils (1600 μm), a 45° borer may be used in accordance with this test method, with the exception of 6.8, where the micrometer reading would provide a direct read-out, and division by ten would be unnecessary per 4.3.1 Method A.1.4 Measurements may be made on coil-coated sheet, certain formed products, or on test panels.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Foil in thickness of about 0.002 in. (0.05 mm) and heavier is virtually free of pinholes. With decrease in thickness, the number of pinholes may increase.5.2 This method is provided to develop and maintain uniformity in the methods of evaluating pinholes in aluminum foil. The pinhole data provides assessments of process capability and quality levels of the foil as well.1.1 This method covers the identification and counting of pinholes, including roll holes, in plain foil using a light table, and inspector with normal 20/20 or corrected 20/20 vision, and a darkened inspection area.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 Sonic anemometer/thermometers are used to measure turbulent components of the atmosphere except in confined areas and very close to the ground. These practices apply to the use of these instruments for field measurement of the wind, sonic temperature, and atmospheric turbulence components. The quasi-instantaneous velocity component measurements are averaged over user-selected sampling times to define mean along-axis wind components, mean wind speed and direction, and the variances or covariances, or both, of individual components or component combinations. Covariances are used for eddy correlation studies and for computation of boundary layer heat and momentum fluxes. The sonic anemometer/thermometer provides the data required to characterize the state of the turbulent atmospheric boundary layer.5.2 The sonic anemometer/thermometer array shall have a sufficiently high structural rigidity and a sufficiently low coefficient of thermal expansion to maintain an internal alignment to within ±0.1°. System electronics must remain stable over its operating temperature range; the time counter oscillator instability must not exceed 0.01 % of frequency. Consult with the sensor manufacturer for an internal alignment verification procedure.5.3 The calculations and transformations provided in these practices apply to orthogonal arrays. References are also provided for common types of non-orthogonal arrays.1.1 These practices cover procedures for measuring one-, two-, or three-dimensional vector wind components and sonic temperature by means of commercially available sonic anemometer/thermometers that employ the inverse time measurement technique. These practices apply to the measurement of wind velocity components over horizontal terrain using instruments mounted on stationary towers. These practices also apply to speed of sound measurements that are converted to sonic temperatures but do not apply to the measurement of temperature using ancillary temperature devices.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The Barcol Impressor is portable and therefore suitable for testing the hardness of fabricated parts and individual test specimens for production control purposes.5.2 Before proceeding with this test method, reference shall be made to the specification of the material being tested. Table 1 of Classification System D4000 lists the ASTM material standards that currently exist. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters or combination thereof covered in the relevant ASTM material specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no relevant ASTM material specifications, then the default conditions apply.1.1 This test method covers the determination of indentation hardness of both reinforced and nonreinforced rigid plastics using a Barcol Impressor, Model No. 934-1 and Model No. 935.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This test method is useful for measuring the wall thickness of plastic vessels and other plastic structures where the geometry of the equipment does not permit direct measurement by conventional methods, such as micrometers, calipers, and rulers. This test method is not limited to plastics and can be used for all nonmagnetic materials. It provides for a rapid and accurate thickness measurement, without the need for drilling and repair of holes.Accuracies are not affected by density variations, permitting the measurement of composites made up of a variety of materials of varying densities. By placement of the magnetic source on the mold surface, thickness measurements can be made during and after fabrication of plastic products to verify thickness and adherence to specifications.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of thickness of any nonmagnetic material by means of a digital magnetic intensity instrument.Note 1The instrument on which this test method is based is no longer sold or serviced.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.2 There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 The crystallinity of UHMWPE will influence its mechanical properties, such as creep and stiffness. The reported crystallinity will depend on the integration range used to determine the heat of fusion, and the theoretical heat of fusion of 100 % crystalline polyethylene used to calculate the percent crystallinity in an unknown specimen. Differential scanning calorimetry is an effective means of accurately measuring both heat of fusion and melting temperature.5.2 This test method is useful for both process control and research.1.1 This test method discusses the measurement of the heat of fusion and the melting point of ultra-high-molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), and the subsequent calculation of the percentage of crystallinity.1.2 This test method can be used for UHMWPE in powder form, consolidated form, finished product, or a used product. It can also be used for irradiated or chemically-crosslinked UHMWPE.1.3 This test method does not suggest a desired range of crystallinity or melting points for specific applications.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

3.1 The general approach to this practice is to serve as an “overlay” of requirements to the ASTM F3411-22a Standard Specification for Remote ID and Tracking by identifying mandatory portions, substituting values as needed, overriding items that may be optional, and providing additional requirements that are beyond the scope of Specification F3411, yet are necessary to provide proper guidance to meet the requirements set forth in Part 89.3.2 Furthermore, this practice provides additional details on minimal testing requirements for those submitting a DOC based on this MOC.1.1 This practice provides a Means of Compliance (MOC) that gives sufficient clarity to the Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) or Broadcast Module manufacturers to produce a compliant Remote ID (RID) System (RIDS) such that submitting a Declaration of Compliance2 (DOC) to this MOC will satisfy the requirements of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) 14 CFR Part 89 (Part 89) rule.3 This practice also explains what to expect from aircraft operating in compliance to this MOC.1.2 The FAA provided three options to comply with the Remote ID regulations: Standard Remote ID UAS, Remote ID Broadcast Modules, and FAA-recognized identification areas (FRIAs). The scope of this MOC is to cover both Standard RID and RID Broadcast Modules.1.3 The FRIA portion of the rule is out of scope since it provides a means to avoid the technical RID requirements by operating within administrative boundaries.1.4 Both SI and non-SI units are used in this document. Since this is an aviation standard and it addresses FAA rules, some units are used in preference of being consistent with industry and regulatory norms.1.5 Table of Contents:Title Section 1Referenced Documents 2 3Subset of Options in the F3411 Specification Considered 4Requirements and Exceptions from the F3411 Specification 5Alternative Applications of Specification F3411 to Meet Part 89    Requirements 6MOC Requirements Not Covered by the Practice 7Test Methods 8Precision and Bias 9Satisfaction of Rule Requirements 10Keywords 11ANNEX A1—Simulation Option for Accuracy Testing Annex A1APPENDIX X1—External Device for GCS Location Source Rationale Appendix X1APPENDIX X2—Power Level Rationale Appendix X21.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 The impact strength of PVC profiles relates to suitability for service and to quality of processing. Impact tests are used for quality-control purposes and as an indication that products can withstand handling during assembling, installation, or in service.5.2 Results obtained by use of this test method are used in two ways:5.2.1 As the basis for establishing impact-test requirements in product standards, and5.2.2 To measure the effect of changes in materials or processing.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the energy required to crack or break rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) profile under specified conditions of impact by means of a falling weight.1.2 This test method is used either by itself or in conjunction with other methods for measuring PVC product toughness.1.3 Because of the wide variety of profile sizes and shapes and the wide variety of manufacturing procedures and field abuse, this test method does not correlate universally with all types of abuse. Therefore, correlations must be established as needed.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 Controlled relative humidity environments are important for conditioning materials for shelf-life studies or for investigating the change in physical or dielectric properties after exposure.4.2 The use of aqueous-glycerin solutions reduces the possibility of contamination of the materials or corrosion of electrode systems which would be more likely to result from saturated salt or acid water solutions.4.3 Applicable material specifications shall state the exposure conditions, including time, temperature and relative humidity that a material is to be subjected to before subsequent testing. Typical conditions are given in Practice D618 or D6054.1.1 This practice describes a method for obtaining constant relative humidity ranging from 30 to 98 % at temperatures ranging from 0 to 70°C in relatively small containers by means of an aqueous glycerin solution.1.2 This practice is applicable for closed systems such as environmental conditioning containers.1.3 This practice is not recommended for the generation of continuous (flowing) streams of constant humidity unless precautionary criteria are followed to ensure source stability.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

1.1 This test method, known as the calibrated hot box method, provides for the laboratory measurement of heat transfer through a specimen under controlled air temperature, air velocity, and radiation conditions established in a metering chamber on one side and in a climatic chamber on the other side. It is primarily intended for measurements under steady-state conditions and at temperatures typical of normal building applications. Heat transfer through the specimen is determined from net measured heat input to the metering chamber, corrected for the estimated loss through the chamber walls and estimated loss flanking the specimen at its perimeter, both estimates being based upon calibrations using specimens of known thermal properties. Heat loss through the metering chamber walls is limited by highly insulated walls, and, when necessary, by control of the surrounding ambient temperature, or by use of a partial guard. In the normal configuration, the metered area of the specimen is surrounded by perimeter insulation rather than by additional specimen area as is used in the guarded hot box Test Method C236. 1.2 The calibrated hot box method is specially suited for large nonhomogeneous specimens such as building structures and composite assemblies of building elements. It can be used for measurements of individual building elements such as windows and doors. Recommended practices for measurement of window and door thermal performance are being developed in Committees C-16 and E-6. The calibrated hot box method may also be used to investigate the effect of structural members, piping, electrical outlets, or construction defects, such as insulation voids, on the performance of a building section. The calibrated hot box may also be used for nonhomogeneous specimens not necessarily related to buildings, or for homogeneous specimens. Examples of the design, construction, calibration, operation, and use of calibrated hot boxes are given in the References (1-13). Note 1-The guarded hot box method, Test Method C236, is an alternative for such measurements. 1.2.1 Since a full specimen is normally tested in the calibrated hot box, it is unnecessary and improper to install internal convection barriers in excess of those normally a part of the specimen. Such barriers would be required for a vertical specimen with internal cavities extending above or below the metered area. 1.3 When constructed to measure heat transfer in the horizontal direction, the calibrated hot box can be used for testing walls and other vertical structures and is commonly called a wall test apparatus. When constructed to measure heat transfer in the vertical direction it can be used for testing roof, ceiling, floor, and other horizontal structures and is commonly called a floor/ceiling test apparatus. Other orientations are allowable, and the same apparatus may be used for both vertical and horizontal testing if it can be rotated or reassembled in either orientation. 1.4 This method is established for steady-state tests; however, the apparatus may be operated under dynamic (nonsteady-state) conditions, either periodic or nonperiodic, in which temperatures are changed during the test as, for example, to follow a diurnal cycle. This standard does not establish procedures or criteria for conducting dynamic tests or for analysis of dynamic data but does require full reporting of test conditions and data analysis. 1.5 This test method provides for forced-air velocity either parallel or perpendicular to the specimen surface. It also allows operation under natural convection conditions. Note 2-For either parallel or perpendicular forced-air velocity conditions, care should be taken to quantify the amount of air leakage between the climatic and metering chambers. This may be done by one of several techniques: ( ) tracer gas methods, or ( ) calibration of the air flow rate as a function of the pressure difference using Test Method E283. For many window or door systems, it may be desirable to minimize the air leakage by sealing the window crack length with tape or caulk. 1.6 This method does not provide for mass transfer of air or moisture through the specimen during measurements of heat transfer. Such measurements, however, are not disallowed and if undertaken, all test conditions must be fully reported. Note 3-Air infiltration or moisture migration can significantly alter net heat transfer. Complicated interactions and dependence upon many variables, coupled with only a limited experience in testing under such conditions, make it inadvisable to attempt standardization at this time. Further considerations for such testing are given in Appendix X1.2. 1.7 This method is primarily intended for use at temperatures typical of normal building applications. The usual consideration is to duplicate naturally occurring outside conditions, which in temperate zones may range from approximately -48°C to 85°C and normal inside residential temperatures of approximately 21°C. Other temperatures for industrial or special uses may be designed and engineered into the test facility. Note 4-Primary units in this method are SI, but both SI and inch-pound units must be used in the report. Table 1 provides conversion factors between inch-pound units and SI. 1.8 When operated under steady-state conditions with temperatures held constant during a test, the results may be expressed as either thermal resistance, R, thermal conductance, C, overall thermal resistance, Ru, or transmittance, U. This test method allows two procedures to be used in the determination of thermal resistance, R. The choice between the two procedures depends, to some extent, upon the uniformity of the specimen and thus upon whether sufficiently uniform surface temperatures exist that they can be measured by temperature sensors and a representative average obtained. For some specimens the choice may be arbitrary and must be made by the user of the method, or by the sponsor of the test, or it may be specified in applicable regulations or specifications. In all cases the procedures used must be fully reported. The two procedures are: 1.8.1 For uniform and nearly uniform specimens, the average surface temperatures may be determined from area-weighted measurements from the temperature sensors installed as directed in 5.7.1. The thermal resistance, R, is then calculated using the measured heat transfer and the difference in the average temperatures of the two surfaces. 1.8.2 For very nonuniform specimens, meaningful average surface temperatures will not exist. In this case the thermal resistance, R, is calculated by subtracting surface resistances for the two surfaces from the measured overall thermal resistance, Ru. These surface resistances shall be determined from tests conducted under similar conditions (Note 5), but using a uniform test specimen of approximately the same thermal resistance. Note 5-Surface resistances have been found to depend significantly on the magnitude of the heat flux as well as the ambient conditions affecting the surface. It is important that the heat flux for the uniform specimen be similar to that through the nonuniform specimen and that air temperature, air velocity, and the temperature of surfaces that exchange radiation with the specimen also be similar. 1.8.3 Generally the overall thermal resistance, Ru, or the thermal transmittance, U, should be determined under the conditions of interest. When this is not possible or when directed by applicable agreements or regulations, the overall resistance, Ru, may be determined from the thermal resistance, R, obtained as directed in 1.8.1 or 1.8.2, by adding standardized surface resistances. One source of standardized resistances is ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals Volume . Note 6-Overall resistances, Ru, obtained from measured resistances, R, by adding standardized surface resistances typical of different conditions may not agree with overall resistances that would be measured directly under those conditions. Discrepancies are especially likely for nonuniform specimens with high conductance surface elements connected to thermal bridges when measured resistances, R, are obtained under still air conditions and the standardized surface resistances are typical of high wind velocities. The user is cautioned to be aware of such possible discrepancies. 1.9 This test method sets forth the general requirements covering a wide variety of apparatus constructions, test conditions, and operating procedures. Detailed directions for these considerations are not given but must be chosen within the constraints of the general requirements. 1.9.1 This test method does not specify all details necessary for the construction and operation of the apparatus. Decisions on details of sampling, specimen selection, preconditioning, specimen mounting and positioning, the choice of test conditions, and the evaluation of test data are left to the judgment of the user or to applicable product specifications or to government or other regulations. 1.10 In order to assure the level of precision and accuracy expected, persons applying this test method need to possess a knowledge of the requirements of thermal measurements and testing practice and of the practical application of heat transfer theory relating to thermal insulation materials and systems. Detailed operating procedures are advisable for each apparatus to ensure that tests are in accordance with this test method. 1.11 It is recommended that the performance of an apparatus be proven by satisfactory measurements on appropriate standard specimens from the national standards laboratory of jurisdiction or, if such standards are not available, by satisfactory comparisons in an interlaboratory round-robin program or by satisfactory comparisons with a proven guarded hot box, Test Method C236. 1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This test method, known as the guarded hot box method, covers the measurement of the steady-state thermal transfer properties of panels. In distinction to Test Method C177, which is primarily applicable to homogeneous samples, the guarded hot box method provides for the evaluation of thermal performance of building assemblies. This test method is suitable for building construction assemblies, building panels, and other applications of nono-homogeneous specimens at similar temperature ranges. It may also be used for homogeneous specimens. 1.2 This test method may be applied to any building construction for which it is possible to build a reasonably representative specimen of size appropriate for the apparatus. Note 1-A calibrated hot box, Test Method C976, may also be used for the described measurements and may prove more satisfactory for testing assemblies under dynamic conditions (nonsteady-state) and to evaluate the effects of water migration and air infiltration. The choice between the calibrated or the guarded hot box should be made only after careful consideration of the contemplated use. 1.3 In applying this test method, the general principles outlined must be followed; however, the details of the apparatus and procedures may be varied as needed. 1.3.1 The intent of this test method is to give the essential principles and the general arrangement of the apparatus. Any test using this apparatus must follow those principles. The details of the apparatus and the suggested procedures that follow are given not as mandatory requirements but as examples of this test method and precautions that have been found useful to satisfy the essential principles. 1.3.2 Persons applying this test method shall be trained in the methods of temperature measurement, shall possess a knowledge of the theory of heat flow, and shall understand the general requirements of testing practice. 1.3.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 2-While various units may be found for thermal properties, the International System of units is used exclusively in this test method. For conversion factors to inch-pound and kilogram-calorie systems, see Table 1.

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