1.1 This test method, known as the guarded hot box method, covers the measurement of the steady-state thermal transfer properties of panels. In distinction to Test Method C177, which is primarily applicable to homogeneous samples, the guarded hot box method provides for the evaluation of thermal performance of building assemblies. This test method is suitable for building construction assemblies, building panels, and other applications of nono-homogeneous specimens at similar temperature ranges. It may also be used for homogeneous specimens. 1.2 This test method may be applied to any building construction for which it is possible to build a reasonably representative specimen of size appropriate for the apparatus. Note 1-A calibrated hot box, Test Method C976, may also be used for the described measurements and may prove more satisfactory for testing assemblies under dynamic conditions (nonsteady-state) and to evaluate the effects of water migration and air infiltration. The choice between the calibrated or the guarded hot box should be made only after careful consideration of the contemplated use. 1.3 In applying this test method, the general principles outlined must be followed; however, the details of the apparatus and procedures may be varied as needed. 1.3.1 The intent of this test method is to give the essential principles and the general arrangement of the apparatus. Any test using this apparatus must follow those principles. The details of the apparatus and the suggested procedures that follow are given not as mandatory requirements but as examples of this test method and precautions that have been found useful to satisfy the essential principles. 1.3.2 Persons applying this test method shall be trained in the methods of temperature measurement, shall possess a knowledge of the theory of heat flow, and shall understand the general requirements of testing practice. 1.3.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 2-While various units may be found for thermal properties, the International System of units is used exclusively in this test method. For conversion factors to inch-pound and kilogram-calorie systems, see Table 1.

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5.1 Asphalt prisms compacted with the shear box compactor can be used to obtain specimens for further testing, including bulk specific gravity following Test Methods D6752/D6752M and D2726/D2726M; dynamic modulus following AASHTO T 342; dynamic modulus, flow number, and flow time following AASHTO T 378; and fatigue performance characteristics following AASHTO T 321.5.2 Specimens to perform other standard tests could also be obtained, as long as their volume is contained within the volume of a prism having maximum width, length, and height (W × L × H) of 150 mm, 450 mm, and 185 mm, respectively. The maximum prism height depends on the mix type, the target air voids, and the equipment limitations.NOTE 1: The aggregate orientation in the samples produced by this method may be different from samples produced by other laboratory compaction methods. This should be considered when comparing mechanical test results from different compaction methods.NOTE 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors. Following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.1.1 This practice covers the fabrication of prismatic specimens of asphalt mixture using the shear box compactor (SBC). Compacted specimens are suitable for volumetric and physical property testing. This standard practice should not be used for acceptance or rejection of a material or for purchasing purposes.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard with exception of degrees (°) where angle is specified.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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The instrument may be used on a variety of geometries of aluminum alloy test pieces, providing the surface being tested has proper support for the instrument.This test method is intended for quality assurance and production control purposes. This test method is not intended to be an independent material-acceptance test.The thickness of the test piece shall be such that a mark or bulge is not produced on the reverse side of the test piece and the test piece does not deflect during the test.Calibration of the instrument through the use of reference blocks is required for true comparative hardness values.1.1 This test method covers indentation hardness testing of aluminum alloys using a Newage, portable, non-caliper-type, hardness instrument which provides readout values numerically equivalent to Rockwell B-scale as determined by Test Methods E 18.Note 1This is a comparative Rockwell B test and does not provide an actual Rockwell B test value. HRBN, the values obtained from the Newage instrument, are numerically equivalent to Rockwell B values, but do not represent an actual Rockwell B test in accordance with Test Methods E 18.1.2 This test method measures indentation hardness of heat-treatable aluminum alloys having a hardness from 30 to 100 HRBN, a thickness greater than 1.50 mm (0.060 in.), and pieces too large to be tested by a caliper type instrument.Note 2This test method covers two instruments (one analog and one digital) which operate differently. Refer to the manufacturer's instruction for proper operation.1.3 The flat surface size of the area being tested must be compatible with the instrument support area and the material must not deflect during the test.1.4 The values stated in SI units are the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

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1.1 This method employs a testing machine (Fig. 1) that generates a precisely controlled gyratory kneading process which is used to prepare and test specimens of bituminous paving mixtures. This method is intended for use in bituminous mixtures design and control testing as well as accelerated traffic simulation. The objective is to compact to the ultimate in place density under the anticipated vertical stress while monitoring the process in terms of unit mass, and shearing resistance including the plastic properties. Particular attention is given to the development of the plastic properties associated with the compaction phenomenon. The maximum permissible bitumen content is indicated directly by the first evidence of a progressive increase in shear strain (as indicated by a progressive increase in the gyratory angle) accompanied by a progressive reduction in shear strength (as indicated by a progressive reduction in roller pressure.) The procedures described here are for mix design and plant control as well as accelerated traffic simulation.1.2 This test method covers two separate modes of operation of the Gyratory Testing Machine (GTM), namely: (1) GTM oil-filled roller mode; and (2) GTM air-filled roller mode. With the air filled roller, the GTM machine angle varies according to the resistance encountered during the gyratory kneading process. Thus the GTM using the air-filled roller is considered a better mechanical analog of the interaction between pneumatic tire and pavement structure.1.3 This test method is for use with mixtures containing asphalt cement, asphalt binder cutback asphalt, asphalt emulsion. Test molds are available in 4- in. (101.6 mm), 6-in. ( 152.4 mm), and 8-in. (203.2 mm)diameters with corresponding height of 8-in (203.2 mm), 10-in.(254.0 mm), and 12-in. (304.8 mm) respectively. These molds can accommodate maximum particle sizes of 1 in. (25.4 mm) 1.5-in. (38.1 mm) and 2.0-in. (50.8 mm) respectively.1.4 Units—The values stated in inch pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.6 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.FIG. 1 Largest Model of Gyratory Testing Machine

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5.1 This test method is applicable for qualitatively evaluating coated and uncoated monolithic polycarbonate sheet material, for monitoring process control, for screening studies, and as an aid in the prediction of hardware performance when exposed to impact service conditions.5.2 A limitation of Type A specimen testing is that a thick sheet may not fail since the available impact energy is limited by the maximum drop height and falling weight capacity of the test apparatus. Use Specimen Type A for material less than 12.7 mm (0.50 in.) thick.5.3 Within the range of drop heights of this system, tests employing different velocities are not expected to produce different results. However, for a given series of tests, the drop height should be held constant so that velocity of impact (strain rate) will not be a variable.5.4 As the polycarbonate specimen undergoes large plastic deformation under impact, the down (opposite impact) side is under tensile loading and most influential in initiating failure. For that reason, polycarbonate sheet coated on one side should be tested with the coated side down.5.5 Direct comparison of specimen Type A and specimen Type B test results should not be attempted. For test programs that will require the comparison of interlaboratory test results the specimen type and the approximate drop height must be specified.5.6 Monolithic polycarbonate sheet is notch sensitive. Data obtained from other test methods, particularly notched Izod/Charpy test results, and extremely high- or low-strain rate test results, should not be compared directly to data obtained from this method. It is noted that Type A specimens, free of flaws, have not experienced the characteristic ductile-to-brittle transition between thin, less than 3.18 mm (1/8 in.), and thick, greater than 7.94 mm (5/16 in.), sheet as reflected by other test methods.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the energy required to initiate failure in monolithic polycarbonate sheet material under specified conditions of impact using a free falling weight.1.2 Two specimen types are defined as follows:1.2.1 Type A consists of a flat plate test specimen and employs a clamped ring support.1.2.2 Type B consists of a simply supported three-point loaded beam specimen (Fig. 1) for use with material which can not be failed using the Type A specimen. For a maximum drop height of 6.096 m (20 ft) and a maximum drop weight of 22.68 kg (50 lb), virgin polycarbonate greater than 12.70 mm (1/2 in.) thick will require use of the Type B specimen.NOTE 1: See also ASTM Methods: D1709, D2444 and D3029.FIG. 1 Type B Specimen Geometry and Loading1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3.1 Exception—The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statement, See Section 7.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Sodars have found wide applications for the remote measurement of wind and turbulence profiles in the atmosphere, particularly in the gap between meteorological towers and the lower range gates of wind profiling radars. The sodar’s far field acoustic power is also used for refractive index calculations and to estimate atmospheric stability, heat flux, and mixed layer depth (1-5).3 Sodars are useful for these purposes because of strong interaction between sound waves and the atmosphere’s thermal and velocity micro-structure that produce acoustic returns with substantial signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). The returned echoes are Doppler-shifted in frequency. This frequency shift, proportional to the radial velocity of the scattering surface, provides the basis for wind measurement. Advantages offered by sodar wind sounding technology include reasonably low procurement, operating, and maintenance costs, no emissions of eye-damaging light beams or electromagnetic radiation requiring frequency clearances, and adjustable frequencies and pulse lengths that can be used to optimize data quality at desired ranges and range resolutions. When properly sited and used with adequate sampling methods, sodars can provide continuous wind and turbulence profile information at height ranges from a few tens of meters to over a kilometer for typical averaging periods of 1 to 60 minutes.1.1 This guide describes the application of acoustic remote sensing for measuring atmospheric wind and turbulence profiles. It includes a summary of the fundamentals of atmospheric sound detection and ranging (sodar), a description of the methodology and equipment used for sodar applications, factors to consider during site selection and equipment installation, and recommended procedures for acquiring valid and relevant data.1.2 This guide applies principally to pulsed monostatic sodar techniques as applied to wind and turbulence measurement in the open atmosphere, although many of the definitions and principles are also applicable to bistatic configurations. This guide is not directly applicable to radio-acoustic sounding systems (RASS), or tomographic methods.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this guide.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method covers the measurement of heat flux and associated test conditions for flat specimens. The guarded-hot-plate apparatus is generally used to measure steady-state heat flux through materials having a “low” thermal conductivity and commonly denoted as “thermal insulators.” Acceptable measurement accuracy requires a specimen geometry with a large ratio of area to thickness.5.2 Two specimens are selected with their thickness, areas, and densities as identical as possible, and one specimen is placed on each side of the guarded-hot-plate. The faces of the specimens opposite the guarded-hot-plate and primary guard are placed in contact with the surfaces of the cold surface assemblies.5.3 Steady-state heat transmission through thermal insulators is not easily measured, even at room temperature. This is due to the fact heat transmission through a specimen occurs by any or all of three separate modes of heat transfer (radiation, conduction, and convection). It is possible that any inhomogeneity or anisotropy in the specimen will require special experimental precautions to measure that flow of heat. In some cases it is possible that hours or even days will be required to achieve the thermal steady-state. No guarding system can be constructed to force the metered heat to pass only through the test area of insulation specimen being measured. It is possible that moisture content within the material will cause transient behavior. It is also possible that and physical or chemical change in the material with time or environmental condition will permanently alter the specimen.5.4 Application of this test method on different test insulations requires that the designer make choices in the design selection of materials of construction and measurement and control systems. Thus it is possible that there will be different designs for the guarded-hot-plate apparatus when used at ambient versus cryogenic or high temperatures. Test thickness, temperature range, temperature difference range, ambient conditions and other system parameters must also be selected during the design phase. Annex A1 is referenced to the user, which addresses such issues as limitations of the apparatus, thickness measurement considerations and measurement uncertainties, all of which must be considered in the design and operation of the apparatus.5.5 Apparatus constructed and operated in accordance with this test method should be capable of accurate measurements for its design range of application. Since this test method is applicable to a wide range of specimen characteristics, test conditions, and apparatus design, it is impractical to give an all-inclusive statement of precision and bias for the test method. Analysis of the specific apparatus used is required to specify a precision and bias for the reported results. For this reason, conformance with the test method requires that the user must estimate and report the uncertainty of the results under the reported test conditions.5.6 Qualification of a new apparatus. When a new or modified design is developed, tests shall be conducted on at least two materials of known thermal stability and having verified or calibrated properties traceable to a national standards laboratory. Tests shall be conducted for at least two sets of temperature conditions that cover the operating range for the apparatus. If the differences between the test results and the national standards laboratory characterization are determined to be significant, then the source of the error shall, if possible, be identified. Only after successful comparison with the certified samples, can the apparatus claim conformance with this test method. It is recommended that checks be continued on a periodic basis to confirm continued conformance of the apparatus.5.7 The thermal transmission properties of a specimen of material have the potential to be affected due to the following factors: (a) composition of the material (b) moisture or other environmental conditions (c) time or temperature exposure (d) thickness (e) temperature difference across the specimen (f) mean temperature. It must be recognized, therefore, that the selection of a representative value of thermal transmission properties for a material must be based upon a consideration of these factors and an adequate amount of test information.5.8 Since both heat flux and its uncertainty may be dependent upon environmental and apparatus test conditions, as well as intrinsic characteristics of the specimen, the report for this test method shall include a thorough description of the specimen and of the test conditions.5.9 The results of comparative test methods such as Test Method C518 depend on the quality of the heat flux reference standards. The apparatus in this test method is one of the absolute methods used for generation of the reference standards. The accuracy of any comparative method can be no better than that of the referenced procedure. While it is possible that the precision of a comparative method such as Test Method C518 will be comparable with that of this test method, Test Method C518 cannot be more accurate. In cases of dispute, this test method is the recommended procedure.1.1 This test method establishes the criteria for the laboratory measurement of the steady-state heat flux through flat, homogeneous specimen(s) when their surfaces are in contact with solid, parallel boundaries held at constant temperatures using the guarded-hot-plate apparatus.1.2 The test apparatus designed for this purpose is known as a guarded-hot-plate apparatus and is a primary (or absolute) method. This test method is comparable, but not identical, to ISO 8302.1.3 This test method sets forth the general design requirements necessary to construct and operate a satisfactory guarded-hot-plate apparatus. It covers a wide variety of apparatus constructions, test conditions, and operating conditions. Detailed designs conforming to this test method are not given but must be developed within the constraints of the general requirements. Examples of analysis tools, concepts and procedures used in the design, construction, calibration and operation of a guarded-hot-plate apparatus are given in Refs (1-41).21.4 This test method encompasses both the single-sided and the double-sided modes of measurement. Both distributed and line source guarded heating plate designs are permitted. The user should consult the standard practices on the single-sided mode of operation, Practice C1044, and on the line source apparatus, Practice C1043, for further details on these heater designs.1.5 The guarded-hot-plate apparatus can be operated with either vertical or horizontal heat flow. The user is cautioned however, since the test results from the two orientations may be different if convective heat flow occurs within the specimens.1.6 Although no definitive upper limit can be given for the magnitude of specimen conductance that is measurable on a guarded-hot-plate, for practical reasons the specimen conductance should be less than 16 W/(m2K).1.7 This test method is applicable to the measurement of a wide variety of specimens, ranging from opaque solids to porous or transparent materials, and a wide range of environmental conditions including measurements conducted at extremes of temperature and with various gases and pressures.1.8 Inhomogeneities normal to the heat flux direction, such as layered structures, can be successfully evaluated using this test method. However, testing specimens with inhomogeneities in the heat flux direction, such as an insulation system with thermal bridges, can yield results that are location specific and shall not be attempted with this type of apparatus. See Test Method C1363 for guidance in testing these systems.1.9 Calculations of thermal transmission properties based upon measurements using this method shall be performed in conformance with Practice C1045.1.10 In order to ensure the level of precision and accuracy expected, persons applying this standard must possess a knowledge of the requirements of thermal measurements and testing practice and of the practical application of heat transfer theory relating to thermal insulation materials and systems. Detailed operating procedures, including design schematics and electrical drawings, should be available for each apparatus to ensure that tests are in accordance with this test method. In addition, automated data collecting and handling systems connected to the apparatus must be verified as to their accuracy. This can be done by calibration and inputting data sets, which have known results associated with them, into computer programs.1.11 It is not practical for a test method of this type to establish details of design and construction and the procedures to cover all contingencies that might offer difficulties to a person without technical knowledge concerning theory of heat flow, temperature measurements and general testing practices. The user may also find it necessary, when repairing or modifying the apparatus, to become a designer or builder, or both, on whom the demands for fundamental understanding and careful experimental technique are even greater. Standardization of this test method is not intended to restrict in any way the future development of new or improved apparatus or procedures.1.12 This test method does not specify all details necessary for the operation of the apparatus. Decisions on sampling, specimen selection, preconditioning, specimen mounting and positioning, the choice of test conditions, and the evaluation of test data shall follow applicable ASTM Test Methods, Guides, Practices or Product Specifications or governmental regulations. If no applicable standard exists, sound engineering judgment that reflects accepted heat transfer principles must be used and documented.1.13 This test method allows a wide range of apparatus design and design accuracy to be used in order to satisfy the requirements of specific measurement problems. Compliance with this test method requires a statement of the uncertainty of each reported variable in the report. A discussion of the significant error factors involved is included.1.14 Major sections within this test method are arranged as follows:Section Section 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4 5Apparatus 6Specimen Preparation and Conditioning 7Procedure 8Calculation of Results 9Report 10Precision and Bias 11Keywords 12Figures  General Arrangement of the Mechanical Components of the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus Fig. 1Illustration of Heat Flow in the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus Fig.2Example Report Form Fig. 3Annexes  Importance of Thickness A1.1Measuring Thickness A1.2Limitations Due to Apparatus A1.3Limitations Due to Temperature A1.4Limitations Due to Specimen A1.5Random and Systematic Error Components A1.6Error Components for Variables A1.7Thermal Conductance or Thermal Resistance Error Analysis A1.8Thermal Conductivity or Thermal Resistivity Error Analysis A1.9Uncertainty Verification A1.101.15 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.16 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Note 22.1.17 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Mechanical properties of PEEK polymers, such as stiffness or yield strength, are influenced by the level of crystallinity.5 The reported crystallinity index determined by this test method has been correlated with percent crystallinity in PEEK polymers by wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) experiments.2, 34.2 This test method may be useful for both process development, process control, product development, and research.1.1 This test method describes the collection of absorption spectra of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) polymer in filled and unfilled grades, as supplied by a vendor, and the subsequent calculation of the percent crystallinity. The material is evaluated by infrared spectroscopy. The intensity (height) of the absorbance peaks is related to the amount of crystalline regions present in the material.1.2 This test method can be used for PEEK consolidated forms, such as injection molded parts, as long as the samples are optically flat and smooth.1.3 The applicability of the infrared method to industrial and medical grade PEEK materials has been demonstrated by scientific studies.2, 3 Percentage of crystallinity is related to R-FTIR measurement by calibration through wide-angle x-ray scattering (WAXS) crystallinity measurements.2, 3 It is anticipated that this test method, involving the peak heights near 1305 cm-1 and 1280 cm-1, will be evaluated in an Interlaboratory Study (ILS) conducted according to Test Method E691.1.4 This test method does not suggest a desired range of crystallinity for specific applications.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Standard value relative humidity environments are important for conditioning materials in shelf-life studies or in the testing of mechanical properties such as dimensional stability and strength. Relative humidity is also an important operating variable for the calibration of many species of measuring instruments.1.1 This practice describes one method for generating constant relative humidity (rh) environments in relatively small containers.1.2 This practice is applicable for obtaining constant relative humidities ranging from dryness to near saturation at temperatures spanning from 0 °C to 50 °C.1.3 This practice is applicable for closed systems such as environmental conditioning containers and for the calibration of hygrometers.1.4 This practice is not recommended for the generation of continuous (flowing) streams of constant humidity unless precautionary criteria are followed to ensure source stability. (See Section 9.)1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 Warning—Saturated salt solutions are extremely corrosive, and care should be taken in their preparation and handling. There is also the possibility of corrosive vapors in the atmospheres over the saturated salt solutions.21.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific safety precautionary information see 1.6 and 10.1.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 The results of the deformation and cohesion tests can be used for specification purposes or for mix design purposes, or both. For example, these values can be used for specification compliance testing of aggregate properties. They can also be used for specification compliance testing of the mix. The cohesion test is sometimes used for fine mixes such as sand mixes wherein cohesion, or tensile strength, is of major or primary importance. The cohesion test is also sometimes used for the design of cold mixes containing emulsified asphalt.NOTE 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of (1) the resistance to deformation of compacted asphalt mixtures by measuring the lateral pressure developed when applying a vertical load by means of the Hveem stabilometer and (2) the cohesion of compacted asphalt mixtures by measuring the force required to break or bend the sample as a cantilever beam by means of the Hveem cohesiometer.21.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard, with the exception that the steel shot flow rate for the cohesiometer is expressed in g/min units. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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3.1 This practice can be used to prepare cylindrical specimens of bituminous mix for subsequent testing. The procedure incorporates the use of the California Kneading Compactor in an attempt to duplicate the kneading action that is provided by the equipment now being used for the compaction of asphalt concrete pavement.Note 1—The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of the standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.1.1 The practice covers the preparation of test specimens of bituminous paving mixtures by means of a mechanical compactor that imparts a kneading action to the test specimens by a series of individual impressions made with a ram.1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 This test method is used to prepare specimens for determination of the bulk specific gravity of a cured compacted specimen. It covers modifications to Test Method D6925 for preparation of CMA by means of the SGC.4.2 This test method is useful for monitoring the density of the specimen during the compaction process. It is suitable for laboratory design and field control of CMA.4.3 Local end-use specifications should be developed to establish conformance to the job and user requirements.1.1 This test method concerns the preparation and compaction of cylindrical specimens of dense-graded cold mix asphalt (CMA) using the Superpave gyratory compactor (SGC).1.2 This test method is applicable for road mixes or plant mixes prepared at ambient temperatures.1.3 This test method also refers to the determination of the bulk specific gravity of the compacted CMA.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 A precision and bias statement for this test method has not been developed at this time. Therefore, this test method should not be used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 This test method is used to prepare specimens for determining the volumetric and physical properties of compacted asphalt mix.4.2 This test method is useful for monitoring the density of test specimens during the compaction process. This test method is suited for the laboratory design, field control of asphalt mix, forensics, imaging, and visualization of compacted asphalt mix.NOTE 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers the compaction of an asphalt mix into cylindrical specimens using the Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC). This standard also refers to the determination of the relative density of the compacted specimens at any point in the compaction process. Compacted specimens are suitable for volumetric, physical property, and mechanical testing. Smaller specimens may be cut from the compacted cylindrical specimen for specific test specimen geometry requirements. The compaction procedures apply to Laboratory Mixed Laboratory Compacted (LMLC) and Plant Mixed Laboratory Compacted (PMLC) asphalt mix.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in degrees for the angle of gyration, gyrations per minute, and hardness are mathematical conversions from the SI units and are provided for information regarding the commonly used units of degree, rotations per minute, and Rockwell hardness, respectfully.1.3 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This test method provides a means of deriving the apparent bending modulus of a material by measuring force and angle of bend of a cantilever beam. The mathematical derivation assumes small deflections and purely elastic behavior. Under actual test conditions, the deformation has both elastic and plastic components. This test method does not distinguish or separate these, and hence a true elastic modulus is not calculable. Instead, an apparent value is obtained and is defined as the apparent bending modulus of the material. The tangent modulus obtained by Test Methods D790 is preferred, when the material can be tested by the Test Methods D790 test procedure.Because of deviations from purely elastic behavior, changes in span length, width, and depth of the specimen will affect the value of the apparent bending modulus obtained; therefore, values obtained from specimens of different dimensions are not necessarily comparable.Rate of loading is controlled only to the extent that the rate of angular change of the rotating jaw is fixed at 58 to 66°/min. Actual rate of stressing will be affected by span length, width, depth of the specimen, and weight of the pendulum.For many materials, there are specifications that require the use of this test method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material specification before using this test method. Table 1 of Classification System D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.Note 2—A discussion of the theory of obtaining a purely elastic bending modulus, using a cantilever beam testing apparatus, can be found in Appendix X1. The results obtained under actual test conditions will be the apparent bending modulus.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the apparent bending modulus of plastics by means of a cantilever beam. It is well suited for determining relative flexibility of materials over a wide range. It is particularly useful for materials too flexible to be tested by Test Methods D790.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.

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The specimens are compacted to simulate the density, aggregate degradation, and structural characteristics possible in the actual road surface when proper construction procedure is used in the placement of the material. The specimens may be used to determine stability, density, strength, water susceptibility, etc., of bituminous mixtures by specified test methods.1.1 This practice covers the preparation of 4-in. (101.6 mm) diameter test specimens of bituminous mixtures containing −7/8-in. (–22.4-mm) aggregate.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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