定价： 156元 / 折扣价： 133 元 加购物车

定价： 156元 / 折扣价： 133 元 加购物车

定价： 156元 / 折扣价： 133 元 加购物车

定价： 156元 / 折扣价： 133 元 加购物车

3.1 This guide provides techniques for obtaining representative samples of oil and water mixtures. This information is necessary in the calculation of oil recovery efficiency and oil recovery rates for oil collection devices.3.2 Sampling Stationary Mixtures—When recovered oil/water mixtures are contained within a holding tank and the relative oil content of the recovered fluid is needed, the sampling technique is somewhat dependent on the container. Two techniques are outlined in this guide. If the container has a flat bottom with straight sides perpendicular to the base (or nearly so), either stationary technique can be implemented, with the stratified sampling method preferred. If the container is irregular in either the horizontal or vertical cross section, the mixing method is preferred.3.3 Sampling Flowing Mixtures—To sample flowing mixtures containing both oil and water, turbulence is induced, to create a homogenous mixture while sampling. The oil content in the sample taken from the flowing stream can then be used to quantify the performance-rating criterion (see Procedure Section of Test Method D1796).1.1 This guide is intended for sampling flowing or stationary oil/water mixtures. It is intended for use with oil spill recovery devices either in testing or in documentation of field performance.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is one of a number of tests conducted on heavy hydrocarbon mixtures to characterize these materials for a refiner or a purchaser. It provides an estimate of the yields of fractions of various boiling ranges.5.2 The fractions made by this test method can be used alone or in combination with other fractions to produce samples for analytical studies and quality evaluations.5.3 Residues to be used in the manufacture of asphalt can also be made but may not always be suitable. The long heat soaking that occurs in this test method may alter some of the properties.NOTE 1: While the practice of reblending distillates with residue can be done to produce a lighter residue, it is not recommended because it produces blends with irregular properties.5.4 Details of cutpoints must be mutually agreed upon before the test begins.5.5 This is a complex procedure involving many interacting variables. It is most important that at the time of first use of a new apparatus, its components be checked as detailed in Annex A1 and Annex A2 and that the location of the vapor temperature sensor be verified as detailed in 6.5.3 and Fig. 1.1.1 This test method covers the procedure for distillation of heavy hydrocarbon mixtures having initial boiling points greater than 150 °C (300 °F), such as heavy crude oils, petroleum distillates, residues, and synthetic mixtures. It employs a potstill with a low pressure drop entrainment separator operated under total takeoff conditions. Distillation conditions and equipment performance criteria are specified and typical apparatus is illustrated.1.2 This test method details the procedures for the production of distillate fractions of standardized quality in the gas oil and lubricating oil range as well as the production of standard residue. In addition, it provides for the determination of standard distillation curves to the highest atmospheric equivalent temperature possible by conventional distillation.1.3 The maximum achievable atmospheric equivalent temperature (AET) is dependent upon the heat tolerance of the charge. For most samples, a temperature up to 565 °C (1050 °F) can be attained. This maximum will be significantly lower for heat sensitive samples (for example, heavy residues) and might be somewhat higher for nonheat sensitive samples.1.4 The recommended distillation method for crude oils up to cutpoint 400 °C (752 °F) AET is Test Method D2892. This test method can be used for heavy crude oils with initial boiling points greater than 150 °C (302 °F). However, distillation curves and fraction qualities obtained by these methods are not comparable.1.5 This test method contains the following annexes:1.5.1 Annex A1—Test Method for Determination of Temperature Response Time,1.5.2 Annex A2—Practice for Calibration of Sensors,1.5.3 Annex A3—Test Method for Dehydration of a Wet Sample of Oil,1.5.4 Annex A4—Practice for Conversion of Observed Vapor Temperature to Atmospheric Equivalent Temperature (AET), and1.5.5 Annex A5—Test Method for Determination of Wettage.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warnings, see 6.5.4.2, 6.5.6.3, 6.9.3, 9.5, 9.7, and A2.3.1.3.1.8 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

From these tests the relative expansive potential of soil-lime mixtures containing varying amounts of lime can be evaluated. From such an evaluation, the amount of lime required to reduce expansion to acceptable levels can be determined. The data can then be used for the design and specification requirements for subgrades and structural fills where expansive soils are encountered and it is desired to give a certain degree of expansion-shrinkage control to structure foundations and road subgrades. The tests will also show if the specific soils are amenable to lime stabilization.Note 2—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 These test methods provide procedures for conducting expansion, shrinkage, and uplift pressure tests on compacted soil-lime mixtures and can be used to determine the lime content required to achieve desired control of volume changes caused by increases or decreases of moisture.1.2 The tests can be used to determine (a) the magnitude of volume changes under varying load conditions, (b) the rate of volume change, and (c) the magnitude of pressure change as moisture changes of the soil-lime mixture take place. The permeability of soil-lime mixture can also, if desired, be determined at the various load conditions.Note 1—Changes in field conditions can have major effects on the expansion and shrinkage characteristics of expansive soils. Therefore, to the greatest extent possible, initial and anticipated future field conditions should be duplicated, particularly with respect to moisture and density.1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, D37401.3.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 These test methods provide a means of determining the compatibility of a resin (or vehicle), at low concentrations, in a high boiling ink solvent.5.2 Resin-solvent mixtures that exhibit a high precipitation temperature are less compatible than those exhibiting a low precipitation temperature.5.3 Resin-solvent mixtures that exhibit precipitation temperatures at or close to the cloud point of the pure solvent are considered infinitely compatible or the resin is infinitely soluble in that solvent.1.1 These test methods cover the manual and automatic procedures for testing the compatibility of lithographic ink resins in high boiling ink solvents by precipitation temperature (cloud point) in a range from 35 to 210°C.1.2 The manual procedure in this test method uses laboratory equipment generally available in a normal, well-equipped laboratory. The automated procedure uses a programmable cloud point tester.1.3 This test method is for use with ink resins intended mainly for oil-based offset and letterpress inks. The type of resins are typically, but not limited to C9 aromatic hydrocarbon resins, modified dicyclopentadiene resins, rosin pentaerythritol or glycerol esters, phenolic modified rosin esters, maleic anhydride modified-rosin esters, and naturally occurring resins such as gilsonite.1.4 A resin solution or ink vehicle could also be used in this test instead of the resin.1.5 The typical high boiling solvents to be used are C12 to C16 petroleum distillates.1.6 To avoid fire or injury, this test method should not be used with low flash point solvents such as toluene or xylene. The minimum flash point of the solvents used should be 60°C as determined by Test Method D56.NOTE 1: Users of this test method should be aware that the flash point of many solvents used for this test (as defined in Test Methods D56 and D1310) is exceeded in the heating cycle of this test method. Safety precautions should be taken since there is the potential for vapor ignition. The method outlined should be done in a shielded exhaust hood, where there is access to a fire extinguisher if needed.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The hydrocarbon component distribution of liquefied petroleum gases and propene mixtures is often required for end-use sale of this material. Applications such as chemical feed stocks or fuel require precise compositional data to ensure uniform quality. Trace amounts of some hydrocarbon impurities in these materials can have adverse effects on their use and processing.5.2 The component distribution data of liquefied petroleum gases and propene mixtures can be used to calculate physical properties such as relative density, vapor pressure, and motor octane (see Practice D2598). Precision and accuracy of compositional data are extremely important when these data are used to calculate various properties of these petroleum products.1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of individual hydrocarbons in liquefied petroleum (LP) gases and mixtures of propane and propene, excluding high-purity propene in the range of C1 to C5. Component concentrations are determined in the range of 0.01 % to 100 % by volume.1.2 This test method does not fully determine hydrocarbons heavier than C5 and non-hydrocarbon materials, and additional tests may be necessary to fully characterize an LPG sample.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4.1 The user is advised to obtain LPG safety training for the safe operation of this test method procedure and related activities.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is intended to provide a rapid means of determining the relative ability of a liquid agricultural spray mixture to spread on a test substrate.5.2 This test method was validated using Parafilm M3 as a test substrate. It is the user's responsibility for determining the validity of this test method for alternative test surfaces. While it may be generally agreed upon that there is no perfect model for the variety of surfaces for which spreading information would be useful, this test method does not limit users to any one surface. Further consideration must also be given to the potential effect that the liquid droplet may have on the chemical composition and morphology of the test surface. While this does not restrict the test method, an understanding of this potential can help in the interpretation of test data.5.3 This test method will determine the relative spread of radii of water, fertilizers, oils, and mixtures of these carriers with surfactants. It is the user's responsibility to determine the validity of the test method with alternative liquids.5.4 This test method will determine the relative spread radii of droplets over 30 s, 60 s, and 5 min. It is the user's responsibility to determine the validity of the test method at alternative spreading times.5.5 This test method is appropriate for relative humidities within the range of 40 to 70 %. It is the user's responsibility to determine the validity of the test method at alternate relative humidities.5.6 This test method is appropriate for temperatures within the range of 18 to 22 °C. It is the user's responsibility to determine the validity of the test method at alternate temperatures.5.7 This test method will determine the relative spread radii for droplets of 10 and 20 μL. It is the user's responsibility to determine the validity of the test method at alternate droplet sizes.1.1 This test method covers the visual evaluation of the relative spread radius of liquid spray mixture droplets.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 The total fluorine, chlorine, and sulfur contained in aromatic hydrocarbon matrices can contribute to emissions, be harmful to many catalytic chemical processes, and lead to corrosion. This test method can be used to determine total sulfur and halogens in aromatic hydrocarbons and their mixtures. The results can be used for compliance determinations when acceptable to a regulatory authority using performance based criteria.1.1 This test method covers the individual determination of total fluorine, chlorine, and sulfur in aromatic hydrocarbons and their mixtures. Samples containing 0.10 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg of each element can be analyzed.1.2 This method can be applied to sample concentrations outside the range of the scope by dilution of the sample in an appropriate solvent to bring the total concentrations of fluorine, chlorine, and sulfur within the range covered by the test method. However, it is the responsibility of the analyst to verify the solubility of the sample in the solvent and that the diluted sample results conform to the precision and accuracy of the method.1.2.1 Special considerations must be made in order to attain detection limits below 1.0 mg/kg in a sample. The instrument must be clean and properly maintained to address potential sources of contamination, or carryover, or both. Multiple sequential injections shall be completed until a stable background is attained. A stable background is considered to be achieved when the analysis of a minimum of three consecutive system blanks have area counts equal to or less than 5 % RSD for the anions of interest.1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 9.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 All of these test methods can be used for quantitative determinations of asphalt binder in asphalt mixtures and pavement samples for specification acceptance, service evaluation, control, and research. Each method prescribes the solvent or solvents and any other reagents that can be used in the test method.NOTE 2: Further testing of the asphalt mixture may be performed by using sieve analysis on the extracted aggregate, Test Method D5444, or recovering the extracted asphalt binder from solution by Test Method D1856, Practice D5404/D5404M, or Practice D7906 for asphalt binder property testing. When recovering the asphalt binder for property testing, all mineral matter should be removed from the effluent.NOTE 3: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.1.1 These test methods cover the quantitative determination of asphalt binder content in asphalt mixtures and pavement samples. Aggregate obtained by these methods may be used for sieve analysis using Test Method D5444. This test is not appropriate for testing asphalt mixtures containing coal tar.1.2 Asphalt binder may be recovered using Test Method D1856, Practice D5404/D5404M, or Practice D7906.1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards are given in Section 7.NOTE 1: The results obtained by these test methods may be affected by the age of the material tested, with older samples tending to yield slightly lower asphalt binder content. Best quantitative results are obtained when the test is made on mixtures and pavements shortly after their preparation. It is difficult to remove all the asphalt when some aggregates are used and some chlorides may remain within the mineral matter affecting the measured asphalt content.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This provisional test method covers procedures for determining the relative permeability (also referred to as coefficient of permeability) of water saturated laboratory compacted specimens or field cores of compacted bituminous paving mixtures using a flexible wall permeameter.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 Provisional standards achieve limited consensus through approval of the sponsoring subcommittee.1.4 This standard is being developed as a provisional standard because the subcommittee feels that the issuance and subsequent usage of this standard method will be critical in the refinement of the standard in the future.1.5 This provisional standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

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5.1 This practice provides a standard procedure for selecting proportions for mixtures of grout to be used at fluid consistency in the production of PA concrete meeting applicable criteria for strength, density, and other properties.5.2 This practice is also useful for determining the composition of grout mixed at fluid consistency and meeting specified requirements for filling voids, cavities, and spaces in rock, foundations, and concrete structures.1.1 This practice describes the laboratory procedure for selecting proportions for grout mixtures required in the production of preplaced-aggregate (PA) concrete.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This practice should be used by the developer of standard test methods that employ surrogate calibrations.5.1.1 This practice assists the test method developer in setting and documenting requirements for the spectrometer/spectrophotometers that can perform the test method.5.1.2 This practice assists the test method developer in setting and documenting spectral data collection and computation parameters for the test method.5.1.3 This practice assists the test method developer in selecting among possible multivariate analysis procedures that could be used to establish the surrogate calibration. The practice describes statistical tests that should be performed to ensure that all multivariate analysis procedures that are allowed within the scope of the test method produce statistically indistinguishable results.5.1.4 This practice describes statistical calculations that the test method developer should perform on the calibration and qualification data that should be collected as part of the ILS that establishes the test method precision. These calculations establish the level of performance that spectrometers/spectrophotometers must meet in order to perform the test method.5.2 This practice describes how the person who calibrates a spectrometer/spectrophotometer can test the performance of said spectrometer/spectrophotometer to determine if the performance is adequate to conduct the test method.5.3 This practice describes how the user of a spectrometer/spectrophotometer can qualify the spectrometer/spectrophotometer to conduct the test method.1.1 This practice relates to the multivariate calibration of spectrometers and spectrophotometers used in determining the physical and chemical characteristics of materials. A detailed description of general multivariate analysis is given in Practices E1655. This standard refers only to those instances where surrogate mixtures can be used to establish a suitable calibration matrix. This practice specifies calibration and qualification data set requirements for interlaboratory studies (ILSs), that is, round robins, of standard test methods employing surrogate calibration techniques that do not conform exactly to Practices E1655.NOTE 1: For some multivariate spectroscopic analyses, interferences and matrix effects are sufficiently small that it is possible to calibrate using mixtures that contain substantially fewer chemical components than the samples that will ultimately be analyzed. While these surrogate methods generally make use of the multivariate mathematics described in Practices E1655, they do not conform to procedures described therein, specifically with respect to the handling of outliers.1.2 This practice specifies how the ILS data is treated to establish spectrometer/spectrophotometer performance qualification requirements to be incorporated into standard test methods.NOTE 2: Spectrometer/spectrophotometer qualification procedures are intended to allow the user to determine if the performance of a specific spectrometer/spectrophotometer is adequate to conduct the analysis so as to obtain results consistent with the published test method precision.1.2.1 The spectroscopies used in the surrogate test methods would include but not be limited to mid- and near-infrared, ultraviolet/visible, fluorescence and Raman spectroscopies.1.2.2 The surrogate calibrations covered in this practice are: multilinear regression (MLR), principal components regression (PCR) or partial least squares (PLS) mathematics. These calibration procedures are described in detail in Practices E1655.1.3 For surrogate test methods, this practice recommends limitations that should be placed on calibration options that are allowed in the test method. Specifically, this practice recommends that the test method developer demonstrate that all calibrations that are allowed in the test method produce statistically indistinguishable results.1.4 For surrogate test methods that reference spectrometer/spectrophotometer performance practices, such as Practices E275, E925, E932, E958, E1421, E1683, or E1944; Test Methods E387, E388, or E579; or Guide E1866, this practice recommends that instrument performance data be collected as part of the ILS to establish the relationship between spectrometer/spectrophotometer performance and test method precision.

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