1.1 This provisional test method covers the determination of maximum specific gravity of loose bituminous mixtures, as defined in Terminology E 1547, by the vacuum sealing method.1.2 This method can be used with 100 and 150 mm diameter compacted bituminous laboratory and field specimens.1.3 The bulk specific gravity of the compacted bituminous mixtures may be used in calculating the unit weight of the mixture.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.Note 1—Provisional standards require only subcommittee consensus and are published for a limited time of two years. The provisional process was used because of the immediate need for this method to be used in testing pavement mixtures with open graded design, mixtures that readily absorb water and mixtures that allow water to rapidly penetrate and drain out.

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4.1 The practice described classifies soils from any geographic location into groups (including group indexes) based on the results of prescribed laboratory tests to determine the particle-size characteristics, liquid limit, and plasticity index.4.2 The assigning of a group symbol and group index can be used to aid in the evaluation of the significant properties of the soil for highway and airfield purposes.4.3 The various groupings of this classification system correlate in a general way with the engineering behavior of soils. Also, in a general way, the engineering behavior of a soil varies inversely with its group index. Therefore, this practice provides a useful first step in any field or laboratory investigation for geotechnical engineering purposes.NOTE 3: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent upon the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluation some of those factors.1.1 This practice covers a procedure for classifying mineral and organomineral soils into seven groups based on laboratory determination of particle-size distribution, liquid limit, and plasticity index. It may be used when a precise engineering classification is required, especially for highway construction purposes. Evaluation of soils within each group is made by means of a group index, which is a value calculated from an empirical formula.NOTE 1: The group classification, including the group index, should be useful in determining the relative quality of the soil material for use in earthwork structures, particularly embankments, subgrades, subbases, and bases. However, for the detailed design of important structures, additional data concerning strength or performance characteristics of the soil under field conditions will usually be required.1.2 Units—The sieve designations are identified using the “standard” system in accordance with Specification E11, such as 75-mm and 75-μm, followed by the “alternative” system of 3-in. and No. 200, respectively.1.3  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This practice cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This practice is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this practice be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

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1.1 This provisional test method covers the determination of maximum specific gravity of and density of uncompacted bituminous paving mixtures at 25°C (77°F).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The other units given may be approximate and are given to help the user interpret units on available standard equipment used with this provisional test method.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1—Provisional standards require only subcommittee consensus and are published for a limited time of two years. The provisional process was used because agencies and private organizations have an immediate need for a method that will save time and accurately reduce water absorption by absorptive mixes, eliminating the need for post vacuum "dry back" correction and stripping. This method provides a quick way to test loose bitminous mixtures for maximum specific gravity.

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4.1 This practice is designed for researchers, applicators, and end users of pesticides where one or more ingredients are being mixed into an aqueous spray system. The practice is useful in determining physical compatibility of aqueous spray mixtures of pesticides and/or fertilizers.4.2 The practice is not designed to determine physical compatibility of non-aqueous based spray mixtures.4.3 The results or the testing should be used to determine the compatibility of the mixture ingredients in dynamic applications. Interpolation of static results to the expectations of the results of this test is not encouraged.1.1 This practice describes the method for the evaluation of the physical compatibility and stability of pesticide tank mixtures diluted for aqueous application. This practice may also be adapted to use with liquid fertilizers in replacement of the water diluent.1.2 Tank mix compatibility can be affected by many variables. Care should be taken to duplicate test conditions. This practice addresses the standard variables such as time, temperature, water hardness, method of agitation, and degree of agitation.1.3 Compatibility is complex and can be affected by other variables such as order of addition, pH of the dilution water, pumping shear, etc. Under the parameters of this practice, the results will define whether the pesticide mixture is or is not compatible in the laboratory. Compatibility or incompatibility should be confirmed under field spray conditions.1.4 Proper safety and hygiene precautions must be taken when working with pesticide formulations to prevent skin or eye contact, vapor inhalation, and environmental contamination.1.5 Read and follow all handling instructions for the specific formulation and conduct the test in accordance with good laboratory practice.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 The test method described is useful as a rapid, nondestructive technique for determining the in-place density or relative compaction of compacted bituminous mixtures.3.2 The test method can be used to establish the proper rolling effort and pattern to achieve the required density.3.3 The non-destructive nature of the test allows repetitive measurements to be made at a single test location between roller passes or at multiple locations across the mat to monitor changes in density.3.4 The density results obtained by this test method are relative. Device calibration (correlation with other test methods] is required to convert the results obtained using this method to actual density. Section 6 of this test method describes a method that has proven to be acceptable for correlation.NOTE 1: The personnel and equipment used in performing this test can be evaluated in accordance with Specification D3666.NOTE 2: Research and evaluation of devices used in this test method has been conducted. Reference is made to “Evaluation of Non-Nuclear Gauges to Measure Density of Hot-Mixed Asphalt Pavements,” a pooled fund study, Pedro Romero, Ph.D., P.E., July 2002.1.1 This test method covers the procedures for determining the in-place density and relative compaction of bituminous concrete pavement paving mixtures by an electromagnetic surface contact device by measuring changes in the electromagnetic field resulting from the compaction process.1.2 The equipment referenced in this method is a surface contact device, which must accommodate surface moisture and temperature variation in the range typically encountered in paving applications. This can be accomplished by design parameters that reduce the device’s sensitivity to surface moisture and temperature variation or by measurements and algorithms to account for surface moisture and temperature variance in the rolling pattern.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices prior to use.

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The component distribution of hydrocarbon liquid mixtures is often required as a specification analysis for these materials. Wide use of these hydrocarbon mixtures as chemical feedstocks or as fuel require precise compositional data to ensure uniform quality of the reaction product. In addition, custody transfer of these products is often made on the basis of component analyses of liquid mixtures.The component distribution data of hydrocarbon mixtures can be used to calculate physical properties, such as specific gravity, vapor pressure, molecular weight, and other important properties. Precision and accuracy of compositional data are extremely important when these data are used to calculate physical properties of these products.Note 3—Specifications for some hydrocarbon liquid mixtures, such as LPG, may be based on composition measured by Test Method . Nitrogen and carbon dioxide determinations are not within the scope of Test Method .1.1 This test method covers the analysis of demethanized liquid hydrocarbon streams containing nitrogen/air and carbon dioxide, and purity products, such as an ethane/propane mix that fall within the compositional ranges listed in Table 1. This test method is limited to mixtures containing less than 5 mol % of heptanes and heavier fractions.1.2 The heptanes and heavier fractions, when present in the sample, are analyzed by either (1) reverse flow of carrier gas after n-hexane and peak grouping or (2) precut column to elute heptanes and heavier first as a single peak. For purity mixes without heptanes and heavier, no reverse of carrier flow is required. (CautionIn the case of samples with a relatively large C6+ or C7+ fraction and where precise results are important, it is desirable to determine the molecular weight (or other pertinent physical properties) of these fractions. Since this test method makes no provision for determining physical properties, the physical properties needed can be determined by an extended analysis or agreed to by the contracting parties.)1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.Note 1—Annex A2 states values in manometric units, which are to be regarded as the standard in that section. Approximate SI units (from conversion) are given in parentheses.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This standard is used to extract and recover asphalt binder from an asphalt mixture sample. The recovered mixture components (asphalt binder and aggregates) can then be subjected to further physical tests.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the extraction and recovery of asphalt binder from asphalt mixtures-both HMA (hot mix asphalt) and RAP (reclaimed/recycled asphalt pavement)—having a minimal effect on the physical properties of the asphalt binder recovered. It is primarily intended for use when the physical properties of the recovered asphalt are to be determined. It can also be used to determine the quantity of asphalt binder in the HMA or RAP. Recovered aggregate may be used for sieve analysis. This may also be accomplished through Test Methods D 2172.1.2 The values stated in SI units are regarded as the standard. Values in parentheses are for informational use.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1—It is suggested that agency and personnel performing this test meet the requirements of Specification D 3666.

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4.1 Mixtures of flammable liquids and nonflammable liquids, such as an alcohol and water mixture, are classified by the U. S. Government by the definition of flammable liquid based on a closed-cup flash point method. Thus, mixtures may be classed as flammable even though they do not sustain burning. This test method determines the ability of a liquid mixture to sustain burning and, when used with a closed-cup flash point method, indicates the flammability characteristics of the mixture.1.1 This test method2 describes a procedure for determining the sustained burning characteristics of mixtures of flammable and nonflammable liquids and to mixtures containing liquids with widely different flash points.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard should be used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire-hazard or fire-risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of the test may be used as elements of a fire-hazard assessment or a fire-risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard or fire risk of a particular end use.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This provisional test method covers a procedure for the extraction and recovery of asphalt binder from asphalt mixtures-both HMA (hot mix asphalt) and RAP (reclaimed/recycled asphalt pavement)-having a minimal effect on the physical properties of the asphalt binder recovered. It is intended for use when the physical properties of the recovered asphalt are to be determined. It can also be used to determine the quantity of asphalt binder in the HMA or RAP. Recovered aggregate may be used for sieve analysis.1.2 The values stated in SI units are regarded as the standard. Values in parentheses are for informational use.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1—Provisional standards require only subcommittee consensus and are published for a limited time of two years. This standard is being developed as a provisional standard because this method of extraction and recovery has been shown to produce more repeatable results than other methods of extraction and recovery that were tested. The subcommittee wishes to approve the method so that additional laboratories may use it to assist with the development of precision and bias statements.

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5.1 This test method measures the ability of a grout mixture to retain its mixing water.5.2 It is used for qualifying grout fluidifiers to be used in the production of PA concrete.5.3 It may be used to compare the effects of various admixtures or materials combinations on the water retentivity properties of any cement-water grout.1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the water retentivity of freshly mixed hydraulic cement grout mixtures for preplaced-aggregate (PA) concrete.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to exposed skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The amount of asphalt absorbed by the aggregate contributes little or nothing to the durability of an asphalt pavement in service other than possibly providing greater resistance to stripping in the presence of water.5.2 Percent asphalt absorption can be an indicator of changes that may occur in plant mix production during construction.5.3 The calculated percent asphalt absorption can be used for calculating percent air voids during asphalt mixture design.1.1 This practice covers equations for calculating percent asphalt absorption by the aggregate in an asphalt mixture, expressed as percent of the oven-dry mass of the aggregate in the asphalt mixture. This calculation is based on measured values for components and properties of an oven-dry asphalt mixture.1.2 This practice does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Resilient modulus can be used in the evaluation of materials quality and as input for pavement design, evaluation, and analysis. With this method, the effects of temperature and load on resilient modulus can also be investigated. This modulus test can be run on pavement cores because of specimen orientation.NOTE 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers procedures for preparing and testing laboratory-fabricated or field-recovered cores of asphalt mixtures to determine resilient modulus values using a repeated-load indirect tension test.1.2 The values stated in SI units are regarded as the standard. Values in parentheses are for informational use.1.3 A precision and bias statement for this standard has not been developed at this time. Therefore, this standard should not be used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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High water concentrations can have a detrimental effect on many uses of aromatic hydrocarbons, their mixtures and related compounds. Water can inhibit desired reactions when aromatic hydrocarbons, their mixtures and related compounds are used in formulations and chemical processes. Water can cause corrosion problems and detrimental effects during the manufacture and processing of aromatic hydrocarbons, their mixtures and related compounds.1.1 This test method describes the use of the Coulometric Karl Fischer (KF) titration for the determination of water in aromatic hydrocarbons and their mixtures, derivatives and related chemicals. 1.2 This test method is applicable to samples with water concentrations from 10 to 400 mg/kg. 1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E 29. 1.4 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The preferred units are milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg). 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement see Section 8.

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4.1 The test method described is useful as a rapid, nondestructive technique for determining the in-place density of compacted asphalt mixtures.4.2 With proper calibration and confirmation testing, the test method is suitable for quality control and acceptance testing of compacted asphalt mixtures.4.3 The test method can be used to establish the proper rolling effort and pattern to achieve the required density.4.4 The nondestructive nature of the test allows repetitive measurements to be made at a single test location between roller passes and to monitor changes in density.4.5 The density results obtained by this test method are relative. Correlation with other test methods such as D1188/D1188M, D2726/D2726M, or D6752/D6752M is required to convert the results obtained using this method to actual density. It is recommended that at least seven core densities and seven nuclear densities be used to establish a conversion factor. A new factor must be established at any time a change is made in the paving mixture or in the construction process.NOTE 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.1.1 This test method describes a test procedure for determining the density of asphalt mixtures by the attenuation of gamma radiation, where the source and detector(s) remain on the surface (backscatter method) or the source or detector is placed at a known depth up to 300 mm [12 in.] while the detector or source remains on the surface (direct transmission method).1.2 The density, in mass per unit volume of the material under test, is determined by comparing the detected rate of gamma emissions with previously established calibration data.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.5 For limitations, see Section 5 on Interferences.1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. It is the recommendation of Committee D04 that the following note be added to the end of the section of all applicable standards. Applicable standards are those in which measurement or calibration are made, sample are procured, or products are selected. The subcommittee shall determine the appropriateness of adding the note throughout the consensus process.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The laboratory fatigue life determined by this standard for beam specimens has been used to estimate the fatigue life of asphalt mixture pavement layers under repeated traffic loading. Although the field performance of asphalt mixtures is impacted by many factors (traffic variation, loading rate, and wander; climate variation; rest periods between loads; aging; etc.), it has been more accurately predicted when laboratory properties are known along with an estimate of the strain level induced at the layer depth by the traffic wheel load traveling over the pavement.NOTE 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.1.1 This test method provides a procedure for determining a fatigue curve that is developed using three or more strain levels. The resulting data can be used in the fatigue models for mechanistic-empirical pavement design (that is, Pavement ME). Failure points are determined for estimating the fatigue life of 380 mm long by 50 mm thick by 63 mm in breadth (width) asphalt mixture beam (rectangular prism) specimens sawed from laboratory or field-compacted asphalt mixture, which are subjected to repeated flexural bending.1.2 The largest nominal maximum aggregate size (NMAS) recommended for beams 50 mm thick is 19 mm. Beams made with an NMAS greater than 19 mm might significantly interfere with the material response, thereby affecting the repeatability of the test.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard, with the exception of degrees (°) where angle is specified in accordance with IEEE/ASTM SI 10.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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