定价： 345元 / 折扣价： 294 元

定价： 345元 / 折扣价： 294 元

定价： 260元 / 折扣价： 221 元 加购物车

定价： 260元 / 折扣价： 221 元 加购物车

定价： 156元 / 折扣价： 133 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method provides procedures for obtaining tristimulus values, luminance factors and chromaticity coordinates of fluorescent-retroreflective materials by bispectral colorimetry using a 45:0 or 0:45 optical measuring system.5.2 The CIE 1931 (2°) standard observer is used to calculate the colorimetric properties of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and markings used in daytime high visibility traffic control and personal safety applications because in practice these materials are primarily viewed from a distance where they subtend less than 4° of the visual field.5.3 This test method is applicable to object-color specimens of any gloss level.5.4 Due to the retroreflective properties of these materials the colorimetric data may not be suitable for use in computer colorant formulation.5.5 This test method is suitable for quality control testing of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials.NOTE 1: Separation of the fluorescence and reflectance components from the total colorimetric properties provides useful and meaningful information to evaluate independently the luminescent and diffuse reflective efficiency and consistency of these materials.5.6 This test method is the referee method for determining the conformance of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials to standard daytime colorimetric specifications.1.1 This test method describes the instrumental measurement of the colorimetric properties (CIE tristimulus values, luminance factors, and chromaticity coordinates) of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials when illuminated by daylight.1.2 This test method is generally applicable to any sheeting or marking material having combined fluorescent and retroreflective properties used for daytime high visibility traffic control and personal safety applications.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1. Scope 1.1 General This Standard applies to airborne and liquid effluents associated with the normal operation of CANDU Nuclear Power Plants. It provides guidelines and a methodology for calculating the upper limits (the Derived Release Limits)

定价： 819元 / 折扣价： 697 元

5.1 There are several purposes of this test:5.1.1 For transmission loss: (a) to characterize the sound insulation characteristics of materials in a less expensive and less time consuming approach than Test Method E90 and ISO 140-3 (“reverberant room methods”), (b) to allow small samples tested when larger samples are impossible to construct or to transport, (c) to allow a rapid technique that does not require an experienced professional to run.5.1.2 For transfer matrix: (a) to determine additional acoustic properties of the material; (b) to allow calculation of acoustic properties of built-up or composite materials by the combination of their individual transfer matrices.5.2 There are significant differences between this method and that of the more traditional reverberant room method. Specifically, in this approach the sound impinges on the specimen in a perpendicular direction (“normal incidence”) only, compared to the random incidence of traditional methods. Additionally, revereration room methods specify certain minimum sizes for test specimens which may not be practical for all materials. At present the correlation, if any, between the two methods is not known. Even though this method may not replicate the reverberant room methods for measuring the transmission loss of materials, it can provide comparison data for small specimens, something that cannot be done in the reverberant room method. Normal incidence transmission loss may also be useful in certain situations where the material is placed within a small acoustical cavity close to a sound source, for example, a closely-fitted machine enclosure or portable electronic device.5.3 Transmission loss is not only a property of a material, but is also strongly dependent on boundary conditions inherent in the method and details of the way the material is mounted. This must be considered in the interpretation of the results obtained by this test method.5.4 The quantities are measured as a function of frequency with a resolution determined by the sampling rate, transform size, and other parameters of a digital frequency analysis system. The usable frequency range depends on the diameter of the tube and the spacing between the microphone positions. An extended frequency range may be obtained by using tubes with various diameters and microphone spacings.5.5 The application of materials into acoustical system elements will probably not be similar to this test method and therefore results obtained by this method may not correlate with performance in-situ.1.1 This test method covers the use of a tube, four microphones, and a digital frequency analysis system for the measurement of normal incident transmission loss and other important acoustic properties of materials by determination of the acoustic transfer matrix.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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AbstractThe normal butane thermophysical property tables are for use in the calculation of the pressure-volume-temperature (PVT), thermodynamic, and transport properties of normal butane for process design and operations. The preparation of the tables and supporting work was done by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) under the sponsorship of the Gas Research Institute, the American Gas Association, and the Standard Reference Data Program of NIST. These thermophysical property tables are: thermophysical properties of coexisting gaseous and liquid normal butane and thermophysical properties of normal butane.1.1 The thermophysical property tables for normal butane are for use in the calculation of the pressure-volume-temperature (PVT), thermodynamic, and transport properties of normal butane for process design and operations. Two tables provide properties at the conditions of liquid-vapor equilibrium (saturation properties), one for liquid and one for vapor, at temperatures between 135 K and the critical point, 425.13 K. A third table provides properties at selected T, p points for the equilibrium phase at temperatures between 140 K and 570 K at pressures to 20 MPa. The tables were developed using the National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Database product REFPROP, version 10.0.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

1. Scope 1.1 General This Standard covers once-through high efficiency air-cleaning assemblies for maintaining radioactive particulate and radioiodine releases below licenced limits in nuclear power plants. The Standard identifies and establishes mi

定价： 819元 / 折扣价： 697 元

AbstractThese test methods cover determination of the total normal emittance of surfaces by means of portable, inspection-meter instruments. At least two different types of instruments are commercially available for performing this measurement. Test Method A uses an instrument which measures radiant energy reflected from the specimen and Test Method B utilizes an instrument which measures radiant energy emitted from the specimen. Both test methods are limited in accuracy by the degree to which the emittance properties of calibrating standards are known and by the angular emittance characteristics of the surfaces being measure. Test Method A is normally subject to a small error caused by the difference in wavelength distributions between the radiant energy emitted by the two cavities at different temperatures, and that emitted by a blackbody at the specimen temperature. Test Method B also has nongray errors since the detector is not at absolute zero temperature. Test Method A is subject to small errors that may be introduced if the orientation of the sensing component is changed between calibration and specimen measurements. This type of error results from minor changes in alignment of the optical system. Test Method A is subject to error when curved specular surfaces of less than about a certain radius are measured. These errors can be minimized by using calibrating standards that have the same radius of curvature as the test surface. Test Method A can measure reflectance on specimens that are either opaque or semi-transparent in the wavelength region of interest. However, if emittance is to be derived from the reflectance data on a semi-transparent specimen, a correction must be made for transmittance losses. Test Method B is subject to several possible significant errors. These may be due to variation of the test surface temperature during measurements, differences in temperature between the calibrating standards and the test surfaces, changes in orientation of the sensing component between calibration and measurement, errors due to irradiation of the specimen with thermal radiation by the sensing component, and errors due to specimen curvature. Test Method B is limited to emittance measurements on specimens that are opaque to infrared radiation in the wavelength region of interest. 1.1 These test methods cover determination of the total normal emittance (Note 1) of surfaces by means of portable, as well as desktop, inspection-meter instruments. Note 1: Total normal emittance (εN) is defined as the ratio of the normal radiance of a specimen to that of a blackbody radiator at the same temperature. The equation relating εN to wavelength and spectral normal emittance [εN(λ)] is where: L b(λ, T)   =   Planck's blackbody radiation function = c1λ−5(ec2/λT − 1)−1, c1   =   3.7415 × 10−16W·m 2, c2   =   1.4388 × 10−2 m·K, T   =   absolute temperature, K, λ   =   wavelength, m,   =   σT4, and σ   =   Stefan-Boltzmann constant = 5.66961 × 10 −8 W·m−2·K−4 1.2 These test methods are intended for measurements on large surfaces, or small samples, or both, when rapid measurements must be made and where a nondestructive test is desired. They are particularly useful for production control tests. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

3.1 This test method provides an analysis in weight percent of the normal-propyl bromide concentration of virgin, formulated, or reclaimed normal-propyl bromide: compounds that co-elute with normal-propyl bromide or normal-heptane (internal standard) may interfere with this test method.1.1 This test method provides a basis for the determination of the normal-propyl bromide (weight %) in the presence of stabilizers and impurities, in virgin or reclaimed normal-propyl bromide (nPB). The application range is from 50 wt % to 100 wt %.1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 The significant features are typified by a discussion of the limitations of the technique. With the description and arrangement given in the following portions of this test method, the instrument will record directly the normal spectral emittance of a specimen. However, the following conditions must be met within acceptable tolerance, or corrections must be made for the specified conditions.5.1.1 The effective temperatures of the specimen and blackbody must be within 1 K of each other. Practical limitations arise, however, because the temperature uniformities are often not better than a few kelvins.5.1.2 The optical path length in the two beams must be equal, or, preferably, the instrument should operate in a nonabsorbing atmosphere, in order to eliminate the effects of differential atmospheric absorption in the two beams. Measurements in air are in many cases important, and will not necessarily give the same results as in a vacuum, thus the equality of the optical paths for dual-beam instruments becomes very critical.NOTE 4: Very careful optical alignment of the spectrophotometer is required to minimize differences in absorptance along the two paths of the instrument, and careful adjustment of the chopper timing to reduce “cross-talk” (the overlap of the reference and sample signals) as well as precautions to reduce stray radiation in the spectrophotometer are required to keep the zero line flat. With the best adjustment, the “100 % line” will be flat to within 3 %.5.1.3 Front-surface mirror optics must be used throughout, except for the prism in prism monochromators, and it should be emphasized that equivalent optical elements must be used in the two beams in order to reduce and balance attenuation of the beams by absorption in the optical elements. It is recommended that optical surfaces be free of SiO2 and SiO coatings: MgF2 may be used to stabilize mirror surfaces for extended periods of time. The optical characteristics of these coatings are critical, but can be relaxed if all optical paths are fixed during measurements or the incident angles are not changed between modes of operation (during 0 % line, 100 % line, and sample measurements). It is recommended that all optical elements be adequately filled with energy.5.1.4 The source and field apertures of the two beams must be equal in order to ensure that radiant flux in the two beams compared by the apparatus will pertain to equal areas of the sources and equal solid angles of emission. In some cases it may be desirable to define the solid angle of the source and sample when comparing alternative measurement techniques.5.1.5 The response of the detector-amplifier system must vary linearly with the incident radiant flux, or must be calibrated for linearity, and corrections made for observed deviations from linearity.1.1 This test method describes an accurate technique for measuring the normal spectral emittance of electrically nonconducting materials in the temperature range from 1000 to 1800 K, and at wavelengths from 1 to 35 μm. It is particularly suitable for measuring the normal spectral emittance of materials such as ceramic oxides, which have relatively low thermal conductivity and are translucent to appreciable depths (several millimetres) below the surface, but which become essentially opaque at thicknesses of 10 mm or less.1.2 This test method requires expensive equipment and rather elaborate precautions, but produces data that are accurate to within a few percent. It is particularly suitable for research laboratories, where the highest precision and accuracy are desired, and is not recommended for routine production or acceptance testing. Because of its high accuracy, this test method may be used as a reference method to be applied to production and acceptance testing in case of dispute.1.3 This test method requires the use of a specific specimen size and configuration, and a specific heating and viewing technique. The design details of the critical specimen furnace are presented in Ref (1),2 and the use of a furnace of this design is necessary to comply with this test method. The transfer optics and spectrophotometer are discussed in general terms.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The presence of 4-CBA and p-TOL in PTA used for the production of polyester is undesirable because they can slow down the polymerization process; and 4-CBA is also imparting coloration to the polymer due to thermal instability.5.2 Determining the amount of 4-CBA and p-TOL remaining from the manufacture of PTA is often required. This test method is suitable for setting specifications and for use as an internal quality control where these products are produced or used.5.3 This test method is intended as an alternative to the HPLC method for determination of 4-CBA and p-TOL in PTA. The major benefits of CE are speed, simplicity, reduced reagent consumption and operating costs.1.1 This test method covers the determination of 4-carboxybenzaldehyde (4-CBA) and p-toluic acid (p-TOL) in purified terephthalic acid (PTA) by capillary electrophoresis (CE) with normal voltage mode and UV detection. It is applicable for 4-CBA from 5 to 400 mg/kg and for p-TOL from 10 to 400 mg/kg, respectively.1.2 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers industry standards which have been determined by consensus to demonstrate compliance to the requirements (”the Rules”) for Level 1, 2, 3, 4 Normal Category Aeroplanes. It includes only standards that are considered mature enough for general application to certification projects and have been found acceptable by committee consensus to propose to the civil aviation authorities (CAAs) for acceptance as a Means of Compliance to their Rules. CAAs may accept a specific revision of this specification as an acceptable Means of Compliance (MoC) to their requirements. The applicant must seek individual guidance from their respective CAA concerning the use of this specification and any referenced Specifications, Practices, Test Methods, or Guides to show compliance to the CAA rules. Alternatively, an applicant may propose a MoC other than those included in this specification, but it is their responsibility to obtain acceptance of their proposed MoC from their CAA.This specification covers requirements for flight (e.g., weight/mass and center of gravity, stall speed, takeoff performance, landing); structures (structural design envelope, structural design loads, flight load conditions, aeroelasticity, special factors of safety, emergency conditions); design and construction (flight control systems, landing gear systems, buoyancy for seaplanes and amphibians, occupant physical environment, fire protection); powerplant (powerplant installation, powerplant installation hazard assessment, powerplant installation ice protection, powerplant installation fire protection); equipment (systems and equipment function and safety, external and cockpit lighting, flight in icing conditions); and flight crew interface and other information (flightcrew compartment interface, instrument markings, airplane flight manual, continued airworthiness).1.1 Applicability: 1.1.1 This specification identifies the industry standards that have been determined by consensus to demonstrate compliance to the requirements (“the Rules”) for Normal Category Aeroplanes.1.1.2 Only standards that are considered mature enough for general application to certification projects and have been found acceptable by committee consensus to propose to the CAAs for acceptance as a Means of Compliance to their Rules are included.1.1.3 In the event that a particular CAA’s requirements are not harmonized with the other CAA’s requirements, the standards will be written to include the non-harmonized requirements as well as the harmonized requirements with the applicability defined in the standard.1.1.4 In addition to identifying the standards that have been approved by the F44 Committee, the structure of this specification follows the structure of the existing performance/objective-based rules for Normal Category aeroplanes as closely as practical. However, due to differences employed by the authorities in structuring the rules, some sections of this specification may parallel the structure of a particular authority’s rules, but not all. The intent was to structure this specification in such a way that the users could identify what standards would be applicable to specific rules with the specifications at the highest level and practices and test methods being at the next level down. Guides that support a specification or practice will be at the next level down from what they support.1.2 Civil Aviation Authorities: 1.2.1 CAAs may accept a specific revision of this specification as an acceptable Means of Compliance (MoC) to their requirements. Acceptance and applicability as a MoC to the CAA’s airworthiness rules remains the decision of the respective CAAs. CAAs may accept this specification, with or without limitations as defined in their specification acceptance document. For information on which CAAs have accepted these standards (in whole or in part) as an acceptable MoC to their Rules, refer to the ASTM F44 webpage (www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm) which includes CAA website links.1.3 Applicant Responsibility: 1.3.1 The applicant must seek individual guidance from their respective CAA concerning the use of this specification and any referenced Specifications, Practices, Test Methods, or Guides to show compliance to the CAA rules. Alternatively, an applicant may propose a MoC other than those included in this specification but it is their responsibility to obtain acceptance of their proposed MoC from their CAA.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车