定价： 345元 / 折扣价： 294 元

定价： 345元 / 折扣价： 294 元

定价： 481元 / 折扣价： 409 元

定价： 260元 / 折扣价： 221 元 加购物车

定价： 260元 / 折扣价： 221 元 加购物车

5.1 The freezing point of an aviation fuel is the lowest temperature at which the fuel remains free of solid hydrocarbon crystals. These crystals can restrict the flow of fuel through the fuel system of the aircraft. The temperature of the fuel in the aircraft tank normally decreases during flight depending on aircraft speed, altitude, and flight duration. The freezing point of the fuel must always be lower than the minimum operational fuel temperature.5.2 Petroleum blending operations require precise measurement of the freezing point.5.3 This test method produces results which have been found to be equivalent to Test Method D2386 and expresses results to the nearest 0.1 °C, with improved precision over Test Method D2386. This test method also eliminates most of the operator time and judgment required by Test Method D2386.5.4 When specification requires Test Method D2386, do not substitute this test method or any other test method.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature below which solid hydrocarbon crystals form in aviation turbine fuels.1.2 This test method is designed to cover the temperature range of −80 °C to 20 °C; however, 2003 Joint ASTM/IP Interlaboratory Cooperative Test Program mentioned in 12.4 has only demonstrated the test method with fuels having freezing points in the range of −42 °C to −60 °C.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.1, 7.3, and 7.5.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method is well suited for measuring the viscosity of glasses in ranges higher than those covered by parallel plate (see Test Method C1351M) and rotational viscometry (see Practice C965) methods. This test method is useful for providing information related to the behavior of glass after it has been formed into an object of commerce and in research and development.1.1 This test method covers the determination of glass viscosity from approximately 108 Pa·s to approximately 1013 Pa·s by measuring the rate of viscous bending of a simply loaded glass beam.2 Due to the thermal history of the glass, the viscosity may not represent conditions of thermal equilibrium at the high end of the measured viscosity range. Measurements carried out over extended periods of time at any temperature or thermal preconditioning will minimize these effects by allowing the glass to approach equilibrium structural conditions. Conversely, the method also may be used in experimental programs that focus on nonequilibrium conditions.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This practice has been developed to simulate the stress encountered by terminal point-of-use filters under a range of real-world use conditions with emphasis on thermal and pressure swings. Two parts, A and B, are intended to account for more frequent, less extreme use conditions and less frequent, more extreme use conditions, respectively. The purpose of pre-stressing the filters before testing by Test Method F838 is to demonstrate the ability of the filters to retain bacteria as determined by Test Method F838 after exposure to a series of temperature and pressure swings representative of those that may be encountered under actual use conditions.5.2 This practice is not intended to account for effects on filter performance attributable to differences in the quality of the water being filtered that may be encountered under actual use conditions.5.3 This practice is not intended to simulate the very extreme stress associated with systemic remedial procedures, such as thermal or chemical shock, sometimes implemented in premise plumbing systems.1.1 This practice covers terminal point-of-use (POU) filters intended for intermittent use on showers, faucets, and other water use end-point devices that deliver hot and cold potable water.1.2 This practice does not cover in-line filters.1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This practice is for use by design engineers, specifiers, regulatory agencies, owners, installers, and inspection organizations who are involved in the rehabilitation of pipes through the use of a Mechanical Trenchless Point Repair Sleeve with a Locking Gear Mechanism for Pipes of Varying Inner Diameter and Offset Joints within a damaged existing pipe.4.2 This practice applies to the following types of defects in pipe that can be repaired: longitudinal, radial and circumferential cracks, fragmentation, leaking joints, displacement or joint misalignment, closing or sealing unused laterals, corrosion, spalling, wear, leaks in the barrel of the pipe, deformation in the pipe and root penetration. There are no limitations on the diameters of the laterals that can be sealed. The degree of deformation that can be repaired is dependent on the minimum and maximum diameters for which the sleeve is applicable as listed in the tables of dimensions shown in Appendix X1 but shall never exceed 5 %.4.3 This practice applies to pipes made of vitrified clay, concrete, reinforced concrete, plastics, glass reinforced plastics, cast iron, ductile iron and steel for both pressure and non-pressure applications.4.4 In this practice, no issues of snagging waste or build-up of sludge or sediment have been recorded to date; the performance of this sleeve, however, depends on many factors; therefore, past operational records may not include all possible future conditions under which the user may install these sleeves.4.5 The suitability of the technology covered in this practice for a particular application shall be jointly decided by the authority, the engineer and the installer.1.1 This practice establishes minimum requirements for good practices for the materials and installation of mechanical trenchless repair sleeve with a locking gear mechanism for pipes of varying inner diameter and offset joints in the range of 6 in. to 72 in. (150 mm to 1800 mm).1.2 This practice applies to storm, potable water, wastewater and industrial pipes, conduits and drainage culverts.1.3 When the specified materials are used in manufacturing the sleeve and installed in accordance with this practice, the sleeve shall extend over a predetermined length of the host pipe as a continuous, tight fitting, corrosion resistant and verifiable non-leaking pipe repaired using one or more pieces of the repair sleeve mechanism. The maximum internal pressure this sleeve can carry depends on the diameter and the wall thickness, ranging from 10 to 15 bars; the external pressure shall not exceed 1.5 bars.1.4 All materials in contact with potable water shall be certified to meet NSF/ANSI 61/372.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Particular attention is drawn to those safety regulations and requirements involving entering into and working in confined spaces.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is used to determine the flexural strength of soil-cement. Flexural strength is significant in pavement design and can be used to determine the thickness of pavement layers.NOTE 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flexural strength of soil-cement by the use of a simple beam with third-point loading.NOTE 1: For methods of molding soil-cement specimens, see Practice D1632.1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. The SI units are presented in brackets.1.2.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inchpound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are involved.1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in the standard are regarded as industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method provides a relatively simple and reliable microscopical means of measuring the phase abundance of portland cement clinker (Note 1). Microscopical point counting provides a direct measure of the clinker phase composition in contrast to the calculated Bogue phase composition (Note 2).NOTE 1: This test method utilizes a reflected light microscope. Related methods such as transmitted light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and automated imaging techniques may also be used for clinker analysis but are not presently included in this test method.NOTE 2: This test method allows direct determination of the proportion of each individual phase in portland cement clinker. This test method is intended to provide an alternative to the indirect estimation of phase proportion using the equations in Specification C150/C150M (footnote C in Table 1 and footnote B in Table 2).5.2 This test method assumes the operator is qualified to operate a reflected light microscope and the required accessories, is able to correctly prepare polished sections and use necessary etchants, and is able to correctly identify the constituent phases.5.3 This test method may be used as part of a quality control program in cement manufacturing as well as a troubleshooting tool. Microscopic characterization of clinker phases may also aid in correlating cement properties and cement performance in concrete, to the extent that properties and performance are a function of phase composition.1.1 This test method covers a systematic procedure for measuring the percentage volume of the phases in portland cement clinker by microscopy.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test is intended to assess the mechanical integrity, failure modes, and practical adhesion strength of a specific hard ceramic coating on a given metal or ceramic substrate. The test method does not measure the fundamental “adhesion strength” of the bond between the coating and the substrate. Rather, the test method gives a quantitative engineering measurement of the practical (extrinsic) adhesion strength and damage resistance of the coating-substrate system as a function of applied normal force. The adhesion strength and damage modes depend on the complex interaction of the coating-substrate properties (hardness, fracture strength, modulus of elasticity, damage mechanisms, microstructure, flaw population, surface roughness, and so forth) and the test parameters (stylus properties and geometry, loading rate, displacement rate, and so forth).5.2 The test method as described herein is not appropriate for polymer coatings, ductile metal coatings, very thin (<0.1 μm) ceramic coatings, or very thick (>30 μm) ceramic coatings.NOTE 2: Under narrow circumstances, the test may be used for ceramic coatings on polymer substrates with due consideration of the differences in elastic modulus, ductility, and strength between the two types of materials. Commonly, the low comparative modulus of the polymer substrate means that the ceramic coating will generally tend to fail in bending (through-thickness adhesive failure) before cohesive failure in the coating itself.5.3 The quantitative coating adhesion scratch test is a simple, practical, and rapid test. However, reliable and reproducible test results require careful control of the test system configuration and testing parameters, detailed analysis of the coating damage features, and appropriate characterization of the properties and morphology of the coating and the substrate of the test specimens.5.4 The coating adhesion test has direct application across the full range of coating development, engineering, and production efforts. Measurements of the damage mechanisms in a coating as a function of applied normal forces are useful to understand material-process-property relations; quantify and qualify the mechanical response of coating-substrate systems; assess coating durability; measure production quality; and support failure analysis.5.5 This test method is applicable to a wide range of hard ceramic coating compositions (carbides, nitrides, oxides, diamond, and diamond-like carbon) applied by physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, and direct oxidation methods to metal and ceramic substrates.5.6 Ceramic coatings can be crystalline or amorphous, but commonly have high relative density with limited porosity (<5 %). Porous coatings can be tested, but the effects of porosity on the damage mechanisms in the coating must be carefully considered.5.7 The test method, as defined with the 200 μm radius Rockwell diamond stylus, is commonly used for ceramic coating thicknesses in the range of 0.10 to 30 μm. Thinner coatings may require a smaller diameter stylus and lower normal forces for reliable results. Thicker coatings may require larger diameter stylus and higher normal forces. Any variations in stylus size and geometry and designated normal force ranges shall be reported.5.8 Specimens commonly have a flat planar surface for testing, but cylinder geometries can also be tested if they are properly fixtured and aligned and the scratch direction is along the long axis of the specimen. The physical size of the test specimen is determined primarily by the capabilities and limits of the test equipment stage and fixturing.5.9 The test is commonly conducted under unlubricated conditions and at room temperature. However, it is feasible and possible to modify the test equipment and test conditions to conduct the test with lubrication or at elevated temperatures.5.10 Coated specimens can be tested after high temperature, oxidative, or corrosive exposure to assess the retained properties and durability (short-term and long-term) of the coating. Any specimen conditioning or environmental exposure shall be fully documented in the test report, describing in detail the exposure conditions (temperature, atmosphere, pressures, chemistry, humidity, and so forth), the length of time, and resulting changes in coating morphology, composition, and microstructure.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the practical adhesion strength and mechanical failure modes of hard (Vickers Hardness HV = 5 GPa or higher), thin (≤30 μm) ceramic coatings on metal and ceramic substrates at ambient temperatures. These ceramic coatings are commonly used for wear/abrasion resistance, oxidation protection, and functional (optical, magnetic, electronic, biological) performance improvement.1.2 In the test method, a diamond stylus of defined geometry (Rockwell C, a conical diamond indenter with an included angle of 120° and a spherical tip radius of 200 μm) is drawn across the flat surface of a coated test specimen at a constant speed and a defined normal force (constant or progressively increasing) for a defined distance. The damage along the scratch track is microscopically assessed as a function of the applied force. Specific levels of progressive damage are associated with increasing normal stylus forces. The force level(s) which produce a specific type/level of damage in the coating are defined as a critical scratch load(s). The test method also describes the use of tangential force and acoustic emission signals as secondary test data to identify different coating damage levels.1.3 Applicability to Coatings—This test method is applicable to a wide range of hard ceramic coating compositions: carbides, nitrides, oxides, diamond, and diamond-like carbon on ceramic and metal substrates. The test method, as defined with the 200 μm radius diamond stylus, is commonly used for coating thicknesses in the range of 0.1 to 30 μm. Test specimens generally have a planar surface for testing, but cylinder geometries can also be tested with an appropriate fixture.1.4 Principal Limitations: 1.4.1 The test method does not measure the fundamental adhesion strength of the bond between the coating and the substrate. Rather, the test method gives an engineering measurement of the practical (extrinsic) adhesion strength of a coating-substrate system, which depends on the complex interaction of the test parameters (stylus properties and geometry, loading rate, displacement rate, and so forth) and the coating-substrate properties (hardness, fracture strength, modulus of elasticity, damage mechanisms, microstructure, flaw population, surface roughness, and so forth).1.4.2 The defined test method is not directly applicable to metal or polymeric coatings which fail in a ductile, plastic manner, because plastic deformation mechanisms are very different than the brittle damage modes and features observed in hard ceramic coatings. The test method may be applicable to hard metal coatings which fail in a brittle mode with appropriate changes in test parameters and damage analysis procedures and criteria.1.4.3 The test method, as defined with the Rockwell C diamond stylus and specific normal force and rate parameters, is not recommended for very thin (<0.1 μm) or thicker coatings (>30 μm). Such coatings may require different stylus geometries, loading rates, and ranges of applied normal force for usable, accurate, repeatable results.1.4.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Test data values in SI units (newtons (N) for force and millimetres (mm) for displacement) are to be considered as standard and are in accordance with IEEE/ASTM SI 10.1.5 Organization—The test method is organized into the following sections:  Section 1 Purpose and Description 1.1 Applicability 1.3 Principal Limitations 1.4 Organization 1.5Referenced Documents 2 ASTM Standards 2.1 Other Standards and References 2.2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4 5Test Methodology and Experimental Control 6 Test Overview 6.1 Test Modes 6.2 Primary and Supplementary Measurements 6.3 Critical Scratch Load Damage Criteria and Scratch Atlas 6.4 Experimental Factors and Variables 6.5Interferences 7 Material and Specimen Related 7.2 Test Method Related 7.3Apparatus 8 General Description 8.1 Stylus and Stylus Mounting 8.2 Mechanical Stage and Displacement Control 8.3 Test Frame and Force Application System 8.4 Force and Displacement Sensors 8.5 Optical Analysis and Measurement 8.6 Data Acquisition and Recording 8.7 Acoustic Emission (Optional) 8.8 Coating Adhesion Reference Specimens (Optional) 8.9 Coating Surface Profilometry (Optional) 8.10 Data Analysis and Output Software (Optional) 8.11Test Specimens 9 Specimen Requirements 9.1 Specimen Characterization 9.2 Specimen Size 9.3 Specimen Flatness and Level 9.4 Polishing (Optional) 9.5 Specimen Exposure Conditioning (Optional) 9.6 Specimen Cleaning 9.7 Specimen Handling and Storage 9.8Calibration 10 System Calibration 10.1 Reference Specimens 10.2Test Procedure 11 Calibration 11.1 Test Mode Selection 11.2 Test Planning 11.3 Stylus Inspection and Cleaning 11.4 Environmental Conditions 11.5 System Setup and Check 11.6 Test Specimen Mounting 11.7 Conducting the Test 11.8 Specimen Count 11.9 Invalid and Censored Data 11.10 Scratch Damage Assessment 11.11Calculations 12Report 13 Test Identification 13.2 Specimen Information 13.3 Test Equipment and Procedure Information 13.4 Test Data and Statistics 13.5Precision and Bias 14Keywords 15Rockwell Diamond Indenter Specifications Annex A1Alignment and Calibration Annex A2Repeatability and Reproducibility Studies Annex A3Coating Damage Criteria and Scratch Atlas Appendix X1Experimental Variables in Scratch Adhesion Testing Appendix X2Bibliography  1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

5.1 The uniaxial compression test (see Test Method D7012) is used to determine compressive strength of rock specimens. However, it is a time-consuming and expensive test that requires significant specimen preparation and the results may not be available for a long time after the samples are collected. When extensive testing and/or timely information is needed for preliminary and reconnaissance information, alternative tests such as the point load test can be used to reduce the time and cost of compressive strength tests, when used in the field. Such data can be used to make timely and more informed decisions during the exploration phases and more efficient and cost effective selection of samples for more precise and expensive laboratory tests.5.2 The point load strength test is used as an index test for strength classification of rock materials. The test results should not be used for design or analytical purposes.5.3 This test method is performed to determine the point load strength index of rock specimens and, if required, the point load strength anisotropy index.5.4 Rock specimens in the form of either core (the diametral and axial tests), cut blocks (the block test), or irregular lumps (the irregular lump test) are tested by application of concentrated load through a pair of truncated, conical platens. Little or no specimen preparation is needed and can therefore be tested shortly after being obtained and any influence of moisture condition on the test data minimized. However, the results can be highly influenced by how the specimen is treated from the time it is obtained until the time it is tested. Therefore, it may be necessary to handle specimens in accordance with Practice D5079 and to document moisture conditions in some manner in the data collection.NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent upon the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing and sampling. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers the guidelines, requirements, and procedures for determining the point load strength index of rock. This is an index test and is intended to be used to classify rock strength.1.2 Specimens in the form of rock cores, blocks, or irregular lumps with a test diameter from 30 to 85 mm can be tested by this test method.1.3 This test method can be performed in either the field or laboratory. The test is typically used in the field because the testing machine is portable, little or minimal specimen preparation is required, and specimens can be tested within a short time frame of being collected.1.4 This test method applies to medium strength rock (compressive strength over 15 MPa).1.5 This test method does not cover which type of specimen should be tested or whether anisotropic factors should be considered. The specifics of the point load test program need to be developed prior to testing and possibly even before sampling. Such specifics would be dependent on the intended use of the data, as well as possible budgetary constraints and possible other factors, which are outside the scope of this test method.1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design1.7 The values stated in the SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

1. Scope This International Standard specifies a method and the device for use in determining the position of the seat index point (SIP) for any kind of seat designed for earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165, and tractors and machinery for agr

定价： 319元 / 折扣价： 272 元

1.1 This test method covers the spectrographic determination of boron in carbon and low-alloy steel for boron in the concentration range from 0.001 to 0.01%.Note 1--The concentration range of the element listed has been established through cooperative testing of reference materials. The scope is underwritten by available spectrochemical reference materials.1.2 This test method is applicable for the analysis of carbon and low-alloy steel samples, chill-cast, rolled, or forged, of miscellaneous sizes and shapes on which a flat surface at least 12.7 mm in diameter can be prepared, and which are sufficiently massive to prevent overheating during the discharge. Thin samples less than 3.2 mm but greater than 0.79 mm thick, may be analyzed if these samples are soldered to steel plate having a thickness of at least 3.2 mm.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元