5.1 Used Industrial Oil—The detection of large particles are important inputs for used industrial lubricant condition mornitoring. For wear metals, these particles, in size, are represented by those between 20 μm and 50 μm in engine oil, 80 μm or greater in gear-box oil. In desert or windy areas, large sand and dust particles can enter in-service lubricant. The concentrations contributed from large particles can be more sensitive to serious or catastrophic failure of industrial equipment than those from 10 μm or less. In spectroscopic analysis, excluding large particles significantly under-reports the concentrations of wear and contamination elements. The corresponding results may not represent the actual state of in-service lubricant. Because this test method posts less limitation on the size of wear metal particles while still reporting normal fine wear particles, it provides a means to assess wear and contamination elements in a comprehensive range of the size of particulates and raises the fidelity of spectroscopic analysis of in-service lubricant.5.2 Non-suspendable Particles in Used Industrial Oil—The increase of non-suspendable particles suggests excessive wear or poor sealing of machinery, or both. Large amounts of such particulate in industrial oil bulk itself are harmful to moving parts of machinery. This test method provides another means to identify the presence or absence of the non-suspendable particles for machinery condition monitoring.1.1 This test method covers the determination of wear metals and contaminants in used industrial oils by sweeping flat electrode atomic emission spectroscopy (SFE-AES).21.2 Industrial oil includes lubricant oil, gear box oil, hydraulic fluid, compressor oil, turbine oil, synthetic oils, and other petroleum oils.1.3 Method working range for every element is evaluated by equations in 15.2.1 and tabulated in Table 6.1.4 Though this technique is designed to analyze non-suspended particles in lubricant samples, the precision statements published here were established solely from homogeneous oil samples per Practice D6300 requirements. Non-suspended particles, which are inhomogeneous by nature, were not sampled and evaluated for deriving precision statements for this test method (see Annex A1).1.5 This test method provides a quick indication for abnormal wear and the presence of contamination in new or used industrial oils by immediately reporting:1.5.1 Normal fine particles of specific wear metals;1.5.2 Non-suspendable particles of specific wear metals and of contamination elements;1.5.3 Less populated large particles (10 μm to 50 μm) of specific wear metals;1.5.4 Contamination elements; and1.5.5 Additive elements.1.6 This test method uses oil-soluble elements for calibration and does not purport to relate quantitatively the values determined as insoluble particles to the dissolved metals. Analytical results are particle size dependent and low results may be obtained for those elements present in used oil samples as large particles (referenced by Test Methods D5185 and D6595).1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 Although it is possible to observe and measure each of several characteristics of a detector under different and unique conditions, it is the intent of this practice that a complete set of detector test results should be obtained under the same operating conditions. It should also be noted that to specify completely a detector's capability, its performance should be measured at several sets of conditions within the useful range of the detector.3.2 The objective of this practice is to test the detector under specified conditions and in a configuration without an LC column. This is a separation independent test. In certain circumstances it might also be necessary to test the detector in the separation mode with an LC column in the system, and the appropriate concerns are also mentioned. The terms and tests described in this practice are sufficiently general so that they may be adapted for use at whatever conditions may be chosen for other reasons.1.1 This practice covers tests used to evaluate the performance and to list certain descriptive specifications of a refractive index (RI) detector used as the detection component of a liquid chromatographic (LC) system.1.2 This practice is intended to describe the performance of the detector both independent of the chromatographic system (static conditions, without flowing solvent) and with flowing solvent (dynamic conditions).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide sets forth the minimum requirements for instrumentation and software when conducting PDD examinations. For additional information see Practice E1954 and Guide E2000.1.1 This guide covers the minimum requirements for instrumentation (both analog and computerized systems), sensors and operating software used in the forensic psychophysiological detection of deception (PDD). As a minimum, such instrumentation shall simultaneously record an individual’s respiratory, electrodermal, and cardiovascular activity.1.2 This guide does not prohibit additional components, which may be offered as supplemental measurements of physiological change. Additional recording components may be used in addition to but not to replace the required minimum components.

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4.1 When physically evaluating a soil, relative to its suitability to support plant growth (primarily grasses), tests must be performed to determine the presence and amount of solid matter (organic and inorganic) compatibility that can determine potential air-void content and water-holding ability, and finally, deleterious materials.4.2 Typical general ranges of soil content for suitable topsoils are presented in Specification D5268. It should be recognized, however, that in some geographic regions, concurrence with the values in the referenced table would be difficult. In such situations, locally acceptable specifications need to be developed.NOTE 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/ and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This guide covers the material characteristics, physical requirements, and sampling appropriate for the designation of the rotary kiln produced expanded shale, clay or slate (ESCS) material as a mineral amendment.1.2 The presence in the topsoil of the proper nutrient and pH level is necessary for healthy plant growth. This guide does not, however, cover a determination of the nutrients, nor their availability.2NOTE 1: The nutrient content of topsoil is important and the chemicals usually evaluated are nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium. Nutrient deficiencies may be corrected by using fertilizers. Excess soluble salts should be examined as to their desirability. The acidity or alkalinity of the soil is also important. Excess acidity may be corrected by the application of lime dust. Excess alkalinity may be corrected by the application of sulfur or other suitable acidifying compounds. The latter item, in addition to lowering pH, also could be considered as an aggregate when considering the particle size distribution.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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6.1 Many electrical and physical properties of films vary significantly with changes in temperature and humidity. Properties of thin plastic films can change very rapidly; therefore, the specimen needs to be in the stated conditioning environment when the test is being performed. When the test is performed in a different environment, note these conditions and the time of exposure to this new environment.1.1 These test methods cover the testing of homogeneous organic polymer films not over 2.4 mm (95 mils) thick that are to be used for electrical insulation.1.2 These test methods are not necessarily applicable to testing films in combinations with a coating, another film, or with other types of substrate, such as fabrics or papers.1.3 The values stated in SI units are the standard. The values in parentheses are provided for information only.1.4 The procedures appear in the following sections:Procedure SectionsConditioning  6 and 7Dielectric Breakdown Voltage & Dielectric Strength 21 to 26Extractables 65 to 70Heat-Seal Strength 59 to 64Permittivity and Dissipation Factor 42 to 47Resistance Method for Measuring the Tendency to   Corrode Metals 38 to 41Sampling 5Shrinkage 48 to 53Strain Relief 13 to 20Surface Resistivity 27 to 31Tensile Properties 12Thickness  8 to 11Volume Resistivity 32 to 37Water Absorption 53 to 581.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: These test methods are similar to IEC 60674–2.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers performance requirements for protective headgear used in electric personal assistive mobility devices. Anvils shall be used for impact test of helmets. Impact velocities and peak acceleration shall be measured from the test. Helmet shall be impacted based on the prescribed impact site, position, orientation, and projection.1.1 This specification covers performance requirements for helmets manufactured for users of electric personal assistive mobility devices.1.2 All testing and requirements of this specification shall be in accordance with Test Methods F1446, except where noted in this specification.1.3 Partial utilization of this specification is prohibited. Any statement of compliance with this specification shall be a certification that the product meets all of the requirements of the specification in its entirety. A product that fails to meet any one of the requirements of this specification is considered to have failed the specification and should not be sold with any indication that it meets parts of the specification.

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4.1 UV-A lamps are used in fluorescent penetrant and magnetic particle examination processes to excite fluorophores (dyes or pigments) to maximize the contrast and detection of discontinuities. The fluorescent dyes/pigments absorb energy from the UV-A radiation and re-emit visible light when reverting to its ground state. This excitation energy conversion allows fluorescence to be observed by the human eye.4.2 The emitted spectra of UV-A lamps can greatly affect the efficiency of dye/pigment fluorescent excitation.4.3 Some high-intensity UV-A lamps can produce irradiance greater than 10 000 μW/cm2 at 15 in. (381 mm). All high-intensity UV-A light sources can cause fluorescent dye fade and increase exposure of the inspector’s unprotected eyes and skin to high levels of damaging radiation.4.4 UV-A lamps can emit unwanted visible light and harmful UV radiation if not properly filtered. Visible light contamination above 400 nm can interfere with the inspection process and must be controlled to minimize reflected glare and maximize the contrast of the indication. UV-B and UV-C contamination must also be eliminated to prevent exposure to harmful radiation.4.5 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and Pulse Firing (PF) of UV-A LED circuits are not permitted.NOTE 1: The ability of existing UV-A radiometers and spectroradiometers to accurately measure the irradiance of pulse width modulated or pulsed fired LEDs and the effect of pulsed firing on indication detectability is not well understood.1.1 This practice covers the procedures for testing the performance of ultraviolet A (UV-A), light emitting diode (LED) lamps used in fluorescent penetrant and fluorescent magnetic particle testing (see Guides E709 and E2297, and Practices E165/E165M, E1208, E1209, E1210, E1219, E1417/E1417M and E1444).2 This specification also includes reporting and performance requirements for UV-A LED lamps.1.2 These tests are intended to be performed only by the manufacturer to certify performance of specific lamp models (housing, filter, diodes, electronic circuit design, optical elements, cooling system, and power supply combination) and also includes limited acceptance tests for individual lamps delivered to the user. This test procedure is not intended to be utilized by the end user.1.3 This practice is only applicable for UV-A LED lamps used in the examination process. This practice is not applicable to mercury vapor, gas-discharge, arc or luminescent (fluorescent) lamps or light guides (for example, borescope light sources).1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Leakage of aqueous engine coolant into the crank case weakens the ability of the oil to lubricate. If ethylene glycol is present, it promotes varnish and deposit formation. This test method is designed for early detection to prevent coolant from accumulating and seriously damaging the engine.1.1 This test method covers the determination of ethylene glycol as a contaminant in used engine oil. This test method is designed to quantitate ethylene glycol in the range from 5 mass ppm to 200 mass ppm.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7.NOTE 1: A qualitative determination of glycol-base antifreeze is provided in Test Methods D2982. Procedure A is sensitive to about 100 ppm.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification defines classification, materials, test requirements, inspection certification, marking and packaging of fittings for use with gasketed mechanical couplings used in piping applications. These fittings are classified into the following design types: Type I and Type II. The design of the fittings may be qualified by mathematical analysis in accordance with piping codes.1.1 This specification defines classification, materials, test requirements, inspection certification, marking and packaging of fittings for use with gasketed mechanical couplings complying to Specification F1476.1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Air permeability is an important factor in the performance of vacuum cleaner bag filter media, because it is a direct indicator of the resistance to air flow. It may also indicate the size of vacuum cleaner bag needed to achieve the desired air flow volume.4.2 Performance specifications, both industrial and military, have been set up on the basis of air permeability and are used in the purchase of materials where permeability is of interest.4.3 Since air permeability is not a linear function of pressure differential between paper surfaces, all tests should be made at a prescribed pressure differential, 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) of water.1.1 This specification covers procedures to be followed for qualifying papers to be used in the manufacture of vacuum cleaner bags and filters. The filtration efficiency of the paper is not evaluated with the use of these test methods.1.2 The procedures appear in the following sections:Procedure SectionsAir Permeability (Test Method D737) 3 – 5Basis Weight (TAPPI Test Method T 410) 6 – 8Bursting Strength (Mullen Test) (TAPPI Test Method T 403) 9 – 11Internal Tearing Resistance (TAPPI Test Method T 414) 12 – 14Tensile Breaking Strength (TAPPI Test Method T 494) 15 – 171.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers SEBS (styrene-ethylenebutylene-styrene)-modified mopping asphalt intended for use in built-up roof construction, construction of some modified bitumen systems, construction of bituminous vapor retarder systems, and for adhering insulation boards used in various types of roofing systems. This specification is intended as a material specification and issues regarding the suitability of specific roof constructions or application techniques are beyond its scope. The specified tests and property values are intended to establish minimum properties. In place system design criteria or performance attributes are factors beyond the scope of this specification. The base asphalt shall be prepared from crude petroleum and the SEBS-modified asphalt shall incorporate sufficient SEBS as the primary polymeric modifier. The SEBS modified asphalt shall be homogeneous and free of water and shall conform to the prescribed physical properties including (1) softening point before and after heat exposure, (2) softening point change, (3) flash point, (4) penetration before and after heat exposure, (5) penetration change, (6) solubility in trichloroethylene, (7) tensile elongation, (8) elastic recovery, and (9) low temperature flexibility. The sampling and test methods to determine compliance with the specified physical properties, as well as the evaluation for stability during heat exposure are detailed.1.1 This specification covers SEBS (styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene)-modified asphalt intended for use in built-up roof construction, construction of some modified bitumen systems, construction of bituminous vapor retarder systems, and for adhering insulation boards used in various types of roof systems.1.2 This specification is intended as a material specification. Issues regarding the suitability of specific roof constructions or application techniques are beyond its scope.1.3 The specified tests and property values used to characterize SEBS-modified asphalt are intended to establish minimum properties. In place system design criteria or performance attributes are factors beyond the scope of this specification.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 By use of this test method and Test Methods D1500 or D2129 the color and condition of a test specimen of electrical insulating liquid may be estimated during a field inspection, thus assisting in the decision as to whether or not the sample should be sent to a central laboratory for full evaluation. Cloudiness, particles of insulation, products of metal corrosion, or other undesirable suspended materials, as well as any unusual change in color may be detected.1.1 This test method for visual examination is applicable to electrical insulating liquids that have been used in transformers, oil circuit breakers, or other electrical apparatus as insulating or cooling media, or both.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The determination of the wear volume becomes in tribological testing a key element, as it is more discriminative than the wear scar diameter, because an optically visible wear scar diameter may or may not indicate wear on the surface of the ball and the wear track as an irreversible loss of material. Users of this test method should determine whether results correlate with field performance or other applications.NOTE 3: It is believed, that tactile stylus tip profilometer determines the most realistic figure and are more frequent in use, than it can be achieved by optical profilometers operating in a non-contacting mode.1.1 This practice covers a procedure for determining the wear volume WV of wear scars and tracks on test pieces tribologically stresses under high-frequency, linear-oscillation motion using a SRV test machine by means of stylus tip profilometry.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 In the battle to reduce medical device and implant-related infections, prevention of bacterial colonization of surfaces is a logical strategy. Bacterial colonization of a surface is a precursor to biofilm formation. Biofilm is the etiological agent of many implant and device-related infections and once established, microorganisms in biofilm can be up to 1000 times more tolerant to antibiotic therapy. Often the best treatment strategy is removal of the implant or device at a high socioeconomic cost. Catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are the most prevalent of the device-related healthcare associated infections. Catheter associated infections account for 37 % of all hospital acquired infections (HAI) and 70 % of all nosocomial urinary tract infections (UTI) in the U.S. (2, 3). The Intraluminal Catheter Model (ICM) was developed to evaluate the ability of antimicrobial catheters to inhibit biofilm growth on the catheter lumen.5.2 The purpose of this test method is to direct a user in how to grow, sample, and analyze an E. coli biofilm in a urinary catheter under a constant flow of artificial urine. The test method incorporates operational parameters utilized in similar published methods (4). The E. coli biofilm that grows has a patchy appearance that varies across the catheter. Microscopically, the biofilm is heterogenous, with large clusters in some areas, and flat sheets of cells or even single cells in others. By 24 h, the biofilm is developed in the control catheters. If the goal is to monitor early stage biofilm development, then tubing and effluent samples need to be collected prior to the 24 h sample collection. Monitoring biofilm development requires sampling. The biofilm generated in the Intraluminal Catheter Model is suitable for comparison testing between antimicrobial and control catheters.1.1 This test method specifies the operational parameters required to assess the ability of antimicrobial urinary catheters to prevent or control biofilm growth. Efficacy is reported as the log reduction in viable bacteria when compared to a repeatable (1)2 Escherichia coli biofilm grown in the intra-lumen of a urinary catheter under a constant flow of artificial urine.1.2 The test method is versatile and may also be used for growing and/or characterizing biofilms and suspended bacteria of different species, although this will require changing the operational parameters to optimize the method based upon the growth requirements of the new organism.1.3 This test method may be used to evaluate surface modified urinary catheters that contain no antimicrobial agent.1.4 This test method describes how to sample and analyze catheter segments and effluent for viable cells. Biofilm population density is recorded as log colony forming units per surface area. Suspended bacterial population density is reported as log colony forming units per volume.1.5 Basic microbiology training is required to perform this test method.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This practice covers the design, material grouping classification, and manufacture of hole-type image quality indicators (IQI) used to indicate the quality of X-ray and gamma-ray radiologic images.1.1 This practice2 covers the design, material grouping classification, and manufacture of hole-type image quality indicators (IQI) used to indicate the quality of radiologic images.1.2 This practice is applicable to X-ray and gamma-ray radiology.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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