5.1 Sulfuric acid is used in the manufacture of fertilizer, explosives, dyestuffs, other acids, parchment paper, glue, lead acid batteries, textiles, etc., and in the pickling of metals.5.2 This test method has been found to be satisfactory in the measurement of sulfuric acid for comparison with relevant occupational exposure limits.NOTE 2: In some countries the occupational exposure limit value (OELV) for sulfuric acid is related to the thoracic aerosol fraction; in such cases it is recommended to use a sampler for the thoracic aerosol fraction (ISO 20581).61.1 This ion chromatographic test method describes the determination of sulfuric acid mist in air samples collected from workplace atmospheres on a mixed cellulose ester (MCE) filter.NOTE 1: Other filter types such as quartz fiber, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) filters are also suitable.1.2 The lower detection limit of this test method is 0.001 mg/sample or 0.017 mg/m3 of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) mist in 60 L of air sampled at 1 L/min.1.3 This test method is subject to interference from soluble and partially soluble sulfate salts. Other sulfur-containing compounds can be oxidized to sulfate and also interfere.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 No detailed instrument operating instructions are provided because of differences among various makes and models of ion chromatography (IC) systems. Instead, the analyst shall follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer of the particular instrument, analytical column, and suppressors used.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 TDI is used mostly in the preparation of rigid and semi-rigid foams and adhesives.5.2 Diisocyanates and polyisocyanates are irritants to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. They are recognized to cause respiratory allergic sensitization, asthmatic bronchitis, and acute respiratory intoxication (6-9).5.3 The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has adopted a Threshold Limit Value–Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA) of 0.001 ppm of 0.007 mg/m3 with a Short-Term Exposure Limit (STEL) of 0.005 ppm or 0.036 mg/m3 for either 2,4–TDI, or 2,6–TDI, or for a mixture of 2,4– and 2,6–TDI (10). The Occupational Safety and Health Administration of the U.S. Department of Labor (OSHA) has a permissible exposure limit of 0.02 ppm(V) or 0.14 mg/m3 of 2,4-TDI as a ceiling limit and 0.005 ppm (V) or 0.036 mg/m3 as a time-weighted average (11).5.4 Monitoring of respiratory and other problems related to diisocyanates and polyisocyanates is aided through the utilization of this test method, due to its sensitivity and low volume requirements (15 L). Its short sampling times are compatible with the duration of many industrial processes and its low quantification limit also suits the concentrations often found in the working area.5.5 The segregating sampling device pertaining to this proposed test method physically separates gas and aerosol allowing isocyanate concentrations in both physical states to be obtained, thus helping in the selection of ventilation systems and personal protection.5.6 This test method is used to measure gaseous concentrations of 2,4- and 2,6-TDI in air for workplace and ambient atmospheres.1.1 This test method covers the determination of gaseous 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (2,6-TDI) in air samples collected from workplace and ambient atmospheres.1.2 Differential air sampling is performed with a segregating device.2 The gaseous fraction is collected on a glass fiber filter (GFF) impregnated with 9-(N-methylaminomethyl) anthracene (MAMA).1.3 The analysis of the gaseous fraction is performed with a high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) equipped with ultraviolet (UV) and fluorescence detectors. An ultra high performance liquid chromatograph (UPLC) can also be used, provided that its performance is equivalent to what is stated in this standard.1.4 The analysis of the aerosol fraction is performed separately as described in Ref (1).31.5 The range of application of this test method, utilizing UV and a fluorescence detector, is validated for 0.014 to 1.16 μg of monomer 2,4- and 2,6-TDI/2.0 mL of desorption solution, which corresponds to concentrations of 0.001 to 0.077 mg/m3 of TDI based on a 15-L air sample. This corresponds to 0.0.14 to 11 ppb(V) and brackets the established TLV value of 1 ppb(v).1.6 A field blank sampling system is used to check the possibility of contamination during the entire sampling and analysis.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 9 for additional hazards.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide describes standard approaches used to formulate air sampling strategies before actual air sampling occurs.4.2 For most workplace air sampling purposes, and for the majority of materials sampled, air sampling strategies are matters of choice. Air sampling in the workplace may be done for single or multiple purposes, such as health impact, hazard or risk assessment, compliance assessment, or investigation of complaints. Problems can arise when a single air sampling strategy is expected to satisfy multiple diverse purposes.4.2.1 Proper consideration of limitations of cost, space, power requirements, equipment, analytical methods, training and personnel result in a best available strategy for each purpose.4.2.2 A strategy designed to satisfy multiple purposes must be a compromise among several alternatives, and will not be optimum for any one purpose; however, the strategy should be appropriate for the intended purpose(s).4.2.3 The purpose or purposes for sampling should be explicitly stated before a sampling strategy is selected in order to ensure that the sampling strategy is appropriate for the intended use. Good sampling practice, legal requirements, cost of the sampling program, and the utility of the results may be markedly different for different intended sampling purposes.4.3 This guide is intended for use by those who are preparing to evaluate air quality in a work environment of a location by air sampling, or who wish to obtain an understanding of what information can be obtained by carrying out air sampling.4.4 This guide should not be used as a stand-alone document to evaluate any given airborne contaminant(s).4.5 This guide cannot take the place of sound professional judgment in development and execution of any sampling strategy. In most instances, a strategy based on a standard practice or method will need to be adjusted due to conditions encountered in the field. Documentation of any professional judgments applied to development or execution of a sampling strategy is essential.1.1 This guide describes criteria to be used in defining air sampling strategies for workplace health and safety monitoring or evaluation. Sampling criteria such as duration, frequency, number, location, method, equipment, and timing are all considered.1.2 Where air sampling is prescribed by law or regulation, this guide is not intended to take the place of any requirements that may be specified in such law or regulation.1.3 Guidance for surface sampling strategies for metals and metalloids is provided in Guide D7659.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Standards for O3 in the atmosphere have been promulgated by government authorities to protect the health and welfare of the public (6) and also for the protection of industrial workers (7). 5.2 Although O3 itself is a toxic material, in ambient air it is primarily the photochemical oxidants formed along with O3 in polluted air exposed to sunlight that cause smog symptoms such as lachrymation and burning eyes. Ozone is much more easily monitored than these photochemical oxidants and provides a good indication of their concentrations, and it is therefore the substance that is specified in air quality standards and regulations. 1.1 This test method describes the sampling and continuous analysis of ozone (O3) in the atmosphere at concentrations ranging from 10 to 2000 μg/m3 of O3 in air (5 ppb(v) to 1 ppm(v)). 1.1.1 The test method is limited to applications by its sensitivity to interferences as described in Section 6. The interference sensitivities may limit its use for ambient and workplace atmospheres. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Today’s labor shortages demand competency-based workplace learning (CWL) programs that are validated by industry. A standard practice relative to CWL programs formalizes this important type of skill-based, workforce preparation by offering industry a framework for success. CWL programs that result in a credential increase the total number of individuals holding credentials, allowing for worker advancement (upskilling and reskilling), portability, and a talent pipeline of highly skilled workers for the employer.4.2 This standard practice will have a positive impact on worker-learners from various populations, generally those who develop their skills while working on the job and will streamline the process for employers transitioning employees to in-demand, high-quality employment opportunities, allowing for more sustainable economic mobility.4.3 CWL programs offer learning opportunities for individuals seeking skills that may not be attained in a traditional classroom. For workers, CWL programs are designed to provide new job skills, hands-on training experiences, and interaction with individuals with expertise in the occupation as facilitators in the learning and assessment processes. For employers, CWL programs are designed to provide a pipeline of skilled talent to meet specific industry needs.4.4 While CWL programs have attributes in common with other credentialing programs, such as certification and certificate programs, they are a distinct credentialing program type. All three programs have a summative assessment component. Certificate programs and CWL programs have a learning component aligned with its assessment, while certification does not. Of these credentialing programs, only CWL programs have formative assessments as a specified assessment method and experiential learning as a specified learning method. Lastly, unique to CWL programs is that they must be implemented in a real or simulated workplace setting. These last three attributes are allowable but optional in certificate programs.4.5 While CWL programs are a distinct program type, both certificate programs and certification programs can be (1) a pre-requisite to admittance to a CWL program, (2) earned as part of a CWL program, or (3) earned through an external entity while enrolled in a CWL program.4.6 This standard practice will provide the foundation for the self-attestation, recognition, or accreditation of a specific entity to develop and administer a CWL program.1.1 This standard practice provides instruction to entities for developing and administering competency-based workplace learning (CWL) programs.1.2 This standard practice provides guidance to stakeholders in determining the quality of CWL programs.1.3 This standard practice does not contain instructions or guidance pertaining to certification of persons, certificate programs, or education or training programs in general, including those that issue certificates of participation or certificates of attendance.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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