3.1 This practice establishes a standard calculation representing the operational fluidity of assets used by an entity.3.2 It is intended that this practice foster and enable additional practices related to or based on AMV information.3.3 This practice enables effective and consistent communication and trend tracking over time regarding AMV.3.4 Calculating, recording, tracking, and comparing the computed AMV will provide comparative insight into the operational complexity of the entity. Determination of the component parts of the AMV calculation will provide information on the number of acquisition, disposition, and movement transactions and, viewed separately, will serve as a useful insight.3.5 Clarifying Comparative Example: 3.5.1 Entity A has few assets that are of a high dollar value but have been in place for many years and seldom move. These items are tracked to the site physical location level (PLL). Entity A will have an AMV near 0.0. This will be an accurate reflection of the record keeping and transactional risk associated with the management of assets within the entity.3.5.2 Entity B has over 5000 pieces of equipment that it tracks to the room PLL. As most of these items are information technology related, they typically have a useful life of a little over three years, after which they are donated to local schools. These items are moved from person to person and room to room very frequently for operational purposes. Entity B will have a high AMV, perhaps 3.0 or above. This will be an accurate reflection of the record keeping and transactional risk associated with the management of assets within the entity.1.1 This practice calculates asset movement velocity (AMV) based on the movement of assets.1.2 There is no existing, recognized practice for calculating AMV.1.3 This practice is designed to be applicable and appropriate for all asset-holding entities.1.4 This practice does not cover material inventory. Inventory velocity (or inventory turns) is extensively described and discussed in supply chain literature and is based on throughput rather than movement transactions.1.5 AMV can be calculated for the entirety of the asset inventory of the entity or any defined subset, including individual assets.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice is used to evaluate the conformance of a production process to specifications when (1) special causes of variation may be present, and (2) the process may not be in a state of statistical control. This evaluation may also be used to compare different manufacturing operations for conformance to specifications.1.1 This practice provides a calculation procedure and a format for reporting the process performance of a manufacturing operation for a rubber or rubber product.1.2 This practice is specifically designed to be used for technically significant properties of the final product.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 ASTM standard gas chromatographic methods for the analysis of petroleum products require calibration of the gas chromatographic system by preparation and analysis of specified reference mixtures. Frequently, minimal information is given in these methods on the practice of calculating calibration or response factors. Test Methods D2268, D2427, D2804, D2998, D3329, D3362, D3465, D3545, and D3695 are examples. The present practice helps to fill this void by providing a detailed reference procedure for calculating response factors, as exemplified by analysis of a standard blend of C6 to C11 n-paraffins using n-C12 as the diluent.5.2 In practice, response factors are used to correct peak areas to a common base prior to final calculation of the sample composition. The response factors calculated in this practice are “multipliers” and prior to final calculation of the results the area obtained for each compound in the sample should be multiplied by the response factor determined for that compound.5.3 It has been determined that values for response factors will vary with individual installations. This may be caused by variations in instrument design, columns, and experimental techniques. It is necessary that chromatographs be individually calibrated to obtain the most accurate data.1.1 This practice covers a procedure for calculating gas chromatographic response factors. It is applicable to chromatographic data obtained from a gaseous mixture or from any mixture of compounds that is normally liquid at room temperature and pressure or solids, or both, that will form a solution with liquids. It is not intended to be applied to those compounds that react in the chromatograph or are not quantitatively eluted. Normal C6 through C11 paraffins have been chosen as model compounds for demonstration purposes.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice is useful for the determination of the average energy per disintegration of the isotopic mixture found in the reactor-coolant system of a nuclear reactor (1).5 The value is used to calculate a site-specific activity limit for the reactor coolant system, generally identified as: where: K   =   a power reactor site specific constant (usually in the range of 50 to 200). The activity of the reactor coolant system is routinely measured, then compared to the value of Alimiting. If the reactor coolant activity value is less than Alimiting then the 2-h radiation dose, measured at the plant boundary, will not exceed an appropriately small fraction of the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, part 100 dose guidelines. It is important to note that the measurement of the reactor coolant system radioactivity is determined at a set frequency by use of gamma spectrometry only. Thus, the radionuclides that go into the calculation of and subsequently Alimiting are only those that are measured using gamma spectrometry. 5.2 In calculating , the energy dissipated by beta particles (negatrons and positrons) and photons from nuclear decay of beta-gamma emitters includes the energy released in the form of extra-nuclear transitions such as X-rays, Auger electrons, and conversion electrons. However, not all radionuclides present in a sample are included in the calculation of . 5.3 Individual nuclear reactor technical specifications vary and each nuclear operator must be aware of limitations affecting plant operation. Typically, iodine radionuclides with half-lives of less than 10 min (except those in equilibrium with the parent) and those radionuclides identified using gamma spectrometry with less than 95 % confidence level are not included in the calculation. However, technical requirements specify that the reported activity must account for at least 95 % of the activity after excluding radioiodines and short-lived radionuclides. There are individual bases for each exclusion. 5.3.1 Radioiodines are typically excluded from the calculation of because United States commercial nuclear reactors are required to operate under a more conservative restriction of 1 μCi (37 kBq) per gram dose equivalent 131I (DEI) in the reactor coolant. 5.3.2 Beta-only-emitting radio isotopes (for example, 90Sr or 63Ni) and alpha emitting radioisotopes (for example, 241Am or 239Pu) which comprise a small fraction of the activity, are not included in the E-bar calculation. These isotopes are not routinely analyzed for in the reactor coolant and, thus, their inclusion in the E-bar calculation is not representative of what is used to assess the 10 CFR 100 dose limits. Tritium, also a beta-only emitter, should not be included in the calculation. Tritium has the largest activity concentration in the reactor coolant system but the lowest beta particle energy. Thus, its dose contribution is always negligible. However, its inclusion in the E-bar calculation would raise the value of Alimiting, yielding a non-conservative value for dose assessment. 5.3.3 Excluding radionuclides with half-lives less than 10 min, except those in equilibrium with the parent, has several bases. 5.3.3.1 The first basis considers the nuclear characteristics of a typical reactor coolant. The radionuclides in a typical reactor coolant have half-lives of less than 4 min or have half-lives greater than 14 min. This natural separation provides a distinct window for choosing a 10-min half-life cutoff. 5.3.3.2 The second consideration is the predictable time delay, approximately 30 min, which occurs between the release of the radioactivity from the reactor coolant to its release to the environment and transport to the site boundary. In this time, the short-lived radionuclides have undergone the decay associated with several half-lives and are no longer considered a significant contributor to . 5.3.3.3 A final practical basis is the difficulty associated with identifying short-lived radionuclides in a sample that requires some significant time, relative to 10 min, to collect, transport, and analyze. 5.3.4 The value of E-bar is usually calculated once every 6 months. However, any time a significant increase in the activity of the reactor coolant occurs, the value of E-bar should be reassessed to ensure compliance with 10 CFR 100. Such reassessment should be done any time there is a significant fuel defect that would alter the value and affect Alimiting. The two possible causes to reassess the value of would be: (1) A significant fuel defect has occurred where the noble gas activity has increased. (2) A significant corrosion product increase has occurred. For the case of a fuel defect, the plant staff may need to include new radionuclides not normally used in the calculation of such as 239U and 239Np. 1.1 This practice applies to the calculation of the average energy per disintegration ( ) for a mixture of radionuclides in reactor coolant water. 1.2 The microcurie (µCi) is the standard unit of measurement for this standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is used for determination of the total or dissolved nitrogen content of water from a variety of natural, domestic, and industrial sources. In its most common form, this test method is used to measure nitrogen as a means of monitoring nutrient pollutant in industrial wastewater, domestic wastewater, and ambient water. These measurements may also be used in monitoring waste treatment processes. 5.2 This test method measures oxidized ammonia and organic nitrogen (as nitrate) and soluble nitrate simultaneously, subtracting the nitrate + nitrite value from a non-digested sample gives total Kjeldhal nitrogen (TKN). When using this test method: where: TN   =   total nitrogen, and TKN   =   total Kjeldahl nitrogen. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of total nitrogen (TN) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) in surface water, seawater, groundwater, wastewater, and wastewater effluents in the range from 0.2 mg/L N to 10 mg/L N. Concentrations from 10 mg/L to 500 mg/L are possible when used in conjunction with manual or automatic dilution, or automatic injection of less sample volume. The EPA 40 CFR Part 136 Appendix B Method Detection Limit (MDL) is 0.05 mg/L N. Higher concentrations may be determined by sample dilution. Lower concentrations may be possible by injecting larger sample volumes. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions. 1.2 The sample is injected onto a platinum catalyst heated at ≥720 °C. The sample converts into a gaseous phase and is forced through a layer of catalyst ensuring conversion of all nitrogen containing compounds to nitrogen oxide (NO). Reaction with ozone converts the NO to an exited NO2. As the excited NO2 returns to the ground state, it emits radiation that is measured photo-electrically. 1.3 Total and dissolved organic carbon analysis by Test Method D7573 can be analyzed at the same time on the same sample simultaneously using a properly equipped analyzer. (See Appendix X1 for an example of simultaneous TOC data.) 1.4 This test method quantitatively recovers nitrogen from a large range of organic and inorganic nitrogen compounds (see Table 1 and Table 2). The test method does not measure nitrogen gas (N2). It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices. 1.5 This test method is applicable only to nitrogenous matter in the sample that can be introduced into the reaction zone. The syringe needle or injector opening size generally limits the maximum size of particles that can be so introduced. Optional automatic sample homogenization may be used. 1.6 This test method is performance based. You may make modifications that improve the test method’s performance but do not change the oxidation or detection technique. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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