3.1 This classification is given as an aid in determining the fitness for use of a titanium dioxide pigment for a coating application. It is limited to dry, hiding pigments. It excludes pigment dispersions, and non-hiding specialty titanium dioxide products.1.1 This classification describes eight types of dry pigmentary titanium dioxide products, grouped by composition, typical end use application, and some performance properties.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 Low operating temperature fuel cells such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) require high purity hydrogen for maximum performance. The following are the reported effects (SAE TIR J2719) of the compounds determined by this test method.5.2 Carbon Dioxide (CO2), acts largely as a diluent; however, in the fuel cell environment, CO2 can be transformed into CO.5.3 Water (H2O), is an inert impurity, as it does not affect the function of a fuel cell stack; however, it provides a transport mechanism for water-soluble contaminants, such as Na+ or K+. In addition, it may form ice on valve internal surface at cold weather or react exothermally with metal hydride used as hydrogen fuel storage.5.4 Inert Gases (N2 and Ar), do not normally react with fuel cell components or fuel cell system and are considered diluents. Diluents can decrease fuel cell stack performance.5.5 Oxygen (O2), in low concentrations is considered an inert impurity, as it does not adversely affect the function of a fuel cell stack; however, it is a safety concern for vehicle on board fuel storage as it can react violently with hydrogen to generate water and heat.1.1 This test method describes a procedure primarily for the determination of carbon dioxide, argon, nitrogen, oxygen, and water in high pressure fuel cell grade hydrogen by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) with injection of sample at the same pressure as sample without pressure reduction, which is called “Jet Pulse Injection.” The procedures described in this method were designed to measure carbon dioxide at 0.5 micromole per mole (ppmv), Argon 1 ppmv, nitrogen 5 ppmv, oxygen 2 ppmv, and water 4 ppmv.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 The mention of trade names in standard does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Other manufacturers of equipment or equipment models can be used.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 Two procedures, A and B, are outlined in this test method. Procedure A is used most often for development of various beverage container designs to determine the functional characteristics of the package in regard to shelf life. Procedure B is recommended for use in beverage filling operations as a quality control tool in maintaining the desired CO2 fill pressure. A loss of CO2 will affect product taste.5.1.1 Procedure A involves the use of sensitive pressure and temperature monitoring equipment where a high degree of accuracy is essential, for example, a micro-pressure transducer and thermocouple for measuring pressure and temperature of the package in a closed system. Alternatively, this procedure may also use bottles closed with roll-on aluminum caps containing rubber septums. The septum is pierced with a hypodermic needle attached to a pressure transducer to obtain pressure readings. This procedure should be confined to laboratories that are practiced in this type of analytical testing.5.1.2 Procedure B is more widely used when measuring the carbonation level of the package due to the simplicity of the technique. A simple Manual pressure assembly or an Automated CO2 Analyzer is utilized.1.1 The objective of this test method is to determine the carbon dioxide (CO2) loss from plastic beverage containers after a specified period of storage time.1.2 Factors contributing to this pressure loss are volume expansion and the gas transport characteristics of the package, including permeation and leakage.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

4.1 Titanium dioxide pigments are components with high refractive index that significantly influence the opacity, color, durability, and other properties of coatings. This test method for determining titanium dioxide content is quicker and easier to use than Test Methods D1394, a wet chemical analysis method for pigments. It is conveniently applicable to single samples and to large numbers of samples. Only a single relatively stable reagent used to prepare standards and paints under test need be stored. Drawdown specimens used as standards, once prepared, can be stored indefinitely and used repeatedly.1.1 This test method covers the determination of titanium dioxide content in liquid paint. This test method is applicable to both water-reducible and solvent-reducible paints.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 7.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 These test methods are intended as a quick and reliable procedure for measuring the titanium dioxide pigment content of aqueous slurries. Included with the pigment content in the percent solids are the various nonvolatile additives used in preparing a stable slurry. Because the aluminum and silica oxide treatments on the more highly treated titanium dioxide pigments may change somewhat with prolonged drying, in the oven method the solids of the slurry are considered dry after heating at 105°C for 60 to 65 min. The high temperature associated with the infrared moisture analyzer may also effect a change in the aluminum and silica oxide treatment on highly treated TiO2 products. Therefore, care in selection of time and temperature are critical to obtain accurate results with the infrared method. With the short duration of test associated with the microwave drying system, overdrying is not a concern.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the weight percent of solids in aqueous slurries of titanium dioxide pigments by either the use of a gravity-convection oven (Method A), infrared radiation moisture analyzer (Method B), or a microwave drying system (Method C).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This test standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 Uranium dioxide is used as a nuclear-reactor fuel. In order to be suitable for this purpose, the material must meet certain criteria for uranium content, stoichiometry, isotopic composition, and impurity content. These test methods are designed to show whether or not a given material meets the specifications for these items as described in Specifications C753 and C776.4.1.1 An assay is performed to determine whether the material has the minimum uranium content specified on a dry weight basis.4.1.2 The stoichiometry of the oxide powder is useful for predicting its sintering behavior in the pellet production process.4.1.3 Determination of the isotopic content of the uranium in the uranium dioxide powder is made to establish whether the effective fissile content is in compliance with the purchaser's specifications.4.1.4 Impurity content is determined to ensure that the maximum concentration limit of certain impurity elements is not exceeded. Determination of impurities is also required for calculation of the equivalent boron content (EBC).4.1.5 Determination of the oxygen-to-uranium ratio is performed on the completed pellets to determine whether they have the appropriate stoichiometry for optimal performance during irradiation.1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the chemical, mass spectrometric, and spectrochemical analysis of nuclear-grade uranium dioxide powders and pellets to determine compliance with specifications.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:  Sections Uranium by Ferrous Sulfate Reduction in Phosphoric Acid and Dichromate Titration Method 2Uranium and Oxygen Uranium Atomic Ratio by the Ignition (Gravimetric) Impurity Correction Method 3Carbon (Total) by Direct Combustion-Thermal Conductivity Method 2Total Chlorine and Fluorine by Pyrohydrolysis Ion-Selective Electrode Method 3Moisture by the Coulometric, Electrolytic Moisture Analyzer Method 8 – 15Nitrogen by the Kjeldahl Method 16 – 23Isotopic Uranium Composition by Multiple-Filament Surface Ionization Mass Spectrometric Method 4Spectrochemical Determination of Trace Elements in High-Purity Uranium Dioxide 5Silver, Spectrochemical Determination of, by Gallium Oxide Carrier D-C Arc Technique 5Rare Earths by Copper Spark-Spectrochemical Method 2Impurity Elements by a Spark-Source Mass Spectrographic Method 2Surface Area by Nitrogen Absorption Method 24 – 30Total Gas in Reactor-Grade Uranium Dioxide Pellets 2Thorium and Rare Earth Elements by Spectroscopy 2Hydrogen by Inert Gas Fusion 3Uranium Isotopic Analysis by Mass Spectrometry 21.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 Plutonium dioxide is used in mixtures with uranium dioxide as a nuclear-reactor fuel. In order to be suitable for this purpose, the material must meet certain criteria for plutonium content, isotopic composition, and impurity content. These test methods are designed to show whether or not a given material meets the specifications for these items as described in Specification C757.4.1.1 An assay is performed to determine whether the material has the minimum plutonium content specified on a dry weight basis.4.1.2 Determination of the isotopic content of the plutonium in the plutonium dioxide powder is made to establish whether the effective fissile content is in compliance with the purchaser's specifications.4.1.3 Impurity content is determined to ensure that the maximum concentration limit of certain impurity elements is not exceeded. Determination of impurities is also required for calculation of the equivalent boron content (EBC) as described in Practice C1233.4.2 Fitness for Purpose of Safeguards and Nuclear Safety Applications—Methods intended for use in safeguards and nuclear safety applications shall meet the requirements specified by Guide C1068 for use in such applications.1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the chemical, mass spectrometric, and spectrochemical analysis of nuclear-grade plutonium dioxide powders and pellets to determine compliance with specifications.1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:  SectionsPlutonium Sample Handling   8 to 10Plutonium by Controlled-Potential Coulometry 2Plutonium by Ceric Sulfate Titration 3Plutonium by Amperometric Titration with Iron(II) 2Plutonium by Diode Array Spectrophotometry 3Nitrogen by Distillation Spectrophotometry Using Nessler Reagent  11 to 18Carbon (Total) by Direct Combustion–Thermal Conductivity  19 to 29Total Chlorine and Fluorine by Pyrohydrolysis  30 to 37Sulfur by Distillation Spectrophotometry  38 to 46Plutonium Isotopic Analysis by Mass Spectrometry 4Rare Earth Elements by Spectroscopy  47 to 54Trace Elements by Carrier–Distillation Spectroscopy  55 to 62(Alternative: Impurities by ICP-AES or ICP-MS)  Impurity Elements by Spark-Source Mass Spectrography 63 to 69Moisture by the Coulometric Electrolytic Moisture Analyzer 70 to 77Total Gas in Reactor-Grade Plutonium Dioxide Pellets 5Plutonium-238 Isotopic Abundance by Alpha Spectrometry 3Americium-241 in Plutonium by Gamma-Ray Spectrometry 2Rare Earths By Copper Spark-Spectroscopy 78 to 87Plutonium Isotopic Analysis by Mass Spectrometry 88 to 96Oxygen-To-Metal Atom Ratio by Gravimetry 97 to 1041.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Sections 6, 16.2.5, 44.7, 51.9 and 92.5.1.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

Electrical insulating liquids, in many applications, require low gas content. This is the case with capacitors and certain types of cable, for example. This test is used as a factory control test and as a control and functional test in installation and maintenance work by utilities. This test requires care in manipulation and trained, careful personnel.FIG. 1 Semimicro Apparatus for Determination of Gas Content of Insulating Liquids1.1 This test method describes the determination of the gas content of electrical insulating liquids with a viscosity of 216 cSt or less at 100°C. Any gas that is nonreactive with a strong caustic solution may be determined.Note 1—The test method has a bias for samples containing gases other than oxygen and nitrogen in atmospheric ratios due to differential solubility effects. Gases which react with KOH such as carbon dioxide will not be measured. Unsaturated hydrocarbons such as acetylene, if present, will react with KOH to a small degree and will result in an underestimation of the total gas present.1.2 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

定价： 156元 / 折扣价： 133 元 加购物车

4.1 High-purity ethylene is required as a feedstock for some manufacturing processes, and the presence of trace amounts of carbon dioxide and some hydrocarbons can have deleterious effects. This method is suitable for setting specifications, for use as an internal quality control tool and for use in development or research work.1.1 This test method covers the determination of carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, acetylene, and other hydrocarbons in high-purity ethylene. Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon monoxide are determined in accordance with Test Method D2504. The percent ethylene is obtained by subtracting the sum of the percentages of the hydrocarbon and nonhydrocarbon impurities from 100. The method is applicable over the range of impurities from 1 to 500 parts per million volume (ppmV).1.2  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For some specific hazard statements, see Section 6.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method allows the user to make a determination of the blueness or yellowness of the tint undertone of titanium dioxide pigments, versus a reference pigment agreed upon by the parties to the test. This is an important measure of tone, since it gives both a measure of effective particle size, and quick approximation of the blue/yellow undertone that can be expected when a coating containing the titanium dioxide is tinted.5.2 Such matters as the vehicle for preparing the dispersions and the mechanical method of preparing the dispersion are left to the user. However, variation in these practices will lead to increased variance in the results, so users ought to fix these parameters, in-so-far as is possible, within any one laboratory. This will lead to reduced uncertainty of the results within that laboratory, and it is seldom that interlaboratory comparisons of this test result is needed.5.3 Each user must decide whether the loss of accuracy in his measurements due to variation of these parameters is negligibly small for the purpose for which the data are obtained.1.1 This test method is intended to be used to determine the tint undertone (blue or yellow) of titanium dioxide pigments. This relates to the effective particle size of the pigment1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers nuclear-grade, sinterable uranium dioxide (UO2) powder and applies to uranium dioxide powder containing uranium of any 235U concentration in the production of nuclear fuel pellets for use in nuclear reactors. This specification refers expressly to calcined UO2 powder before the addition of any die lubricant, binder, or pore former, and defines isotopic limits for commercial grade UO2 so that, regarding fuel design and manufacture, the product is essentially equivalent to that made from unreprocessed uranium and. Provisions for preventing criticality accidents or requirements for health and safety are not included in this specification. The powder shall conform to the specified chemical requirements including uranium content, oxygen-to-uranium ratio, impurity content (such as aluminum, carbon, calcium and magnesium, chlorine, fluorine, iron, lead, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon, tantalum, thorium, tin, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, and zinc), moisture content, isotopic content, equivalent boron content, and cleanliness and workmanship. The powder shall also meet the specified physical requirements including particle size, bulk density, and sinterability. Sampling requirements for the test specimen and the test methods for chemical analysis and acceptance testing are detailed.1.1 This specification covers nuclear-grade, sinterable UO2 powder. It applies to UO2 powder containing uranium (U) of any 235U concentration in the production of nuclear fuel pellets for use in nuclear reactors.1.2 This specification recognizes the presence of reprocessed U in the fuel cycle and consequently defines isotopic limits for commercial grade UO2. Such commercial grade UO2 is defined so that, regarding fuel design and manufacture, the product is essentially equivalent to that made from unreprocessed U. UO2 falling outside these limits cannot necessarily be regarded as equivalent and may thus need special provisions at the fuel fabrication plant or in the fuel design.1.3 This specification does not include provisions for preventing criticality accidents or requirements for health and safety. Observance of this specification does not relieve the user of the obligation to be aware of and conform to all international, national, or federal, state, and local regulations pertaining to possessing, shipping, processing, or using source or special nuclear material.1.4 This specification refers expressly to UO2 powder before the addition of any die lubricant, binder, or pore former. If powder is sold with such additions or prepared as press feed, sampling procedures, allowable impurity contents, or powder physical requirements may need to be modified by agreement between the buyer and the seller.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Greenhouse gases are reported to be a major contributor to global warming. Since “biomass CO2” emitted from combustion devices represents a net-zero carbon contribution to the atmosphere (that is, plants remove CO2 from the atmosphere and subsequent combustion returns it), it does not contribute additional CO2 to the atmosphere. The measurement of biomass (biogenic) CO2 allows regulators and stationary source owners/operators to determine the ratio of fossil-derived CO2 and biomass CO2 in developing control strategies and to meet federal, state, local and regional greenhouse gas reporting requirements.5.2 The distinction of the two types of CO2 has financial, control and regulatory implications.1.1 This practice defines specific procedures for the collection of gas samples from stationary emission sources for subsequent laboratory determination of the ratio of biomass (biogenic) carbon to total carbon (fossil derived carbon plus biomass or biogenic carbon) in accordance with Test Methods D6866.1.2 This practice applies to stationary sources that burn municipal solid waste or a combination of fossil fuel (for example, coal, oil, natural gas) and biomass fuel (for example, wood, wood waste, paper, agricultural waste, biogas) in boilers, combustion turbines, incinerators, kilns, internal combustion engines and other combustion devices.1.3 This practice applies to the collection of integrated samples over periods from 1 hour to 24 hours, or longer.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers sinterable nuclear-grade plutonium dioxide powders obtained by the oxalate precipitation route, calcination, or any other equivalent process acceptable to the buyer. Included is plutonium dioxide of various isotopic compositions as normally prepared by in-reactor neutron irradiation of natural or slightly enriched uranium, or recycled plutonium mixed with uranium. The material shall conform to required chemical compositions of plutonium, uranium, americium, impurities (boron, cadmium, carbon, chlorine, chromium, fluorine, iron, gadolinium, nickel, nitride nitrogen, and thorium), equivalent boron, and gamma activity. Materials shall also adhere to physical property requirements as to cleanliness and workmanship, particle size, and surface area.1.1 This specification covers nuclear grade PuO2 powder. It applies to PuO2 of various isotopic compositions as normally prepared by in-reactor neutron irradiation of natural or slightly enriched uranium or by in-reactor neutron irradiation of recycled plutonium mixed with uranium.1.2 There is no discussion of or provision for preventing criticality incidents, nor are health and safety requirements, the avoidance of hazards, or shipping precautions and controls discussed. Observance of this specification does not relieve the user of the obligation to be aware of and conform to all applicable international, national, or federal, state, and local regulations pertaining to possessing, shipping, processing, or using source or special nuclear material. For examples in the U.S. Government, relevant documents are Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10 Nuclear Safety Guide, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Report TID-70162, and “Handbook of Nuclear Safety”, H. K. Clark, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Report, DP-5322.1.3 The PuO2 shall be produced by a qualified process and in accordance with a quality assurance program approved by the user.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method is used by titanium dioxide pigment manufacturers and users for process control and product acceptance.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ratio of anatase to rutile in titanium dioxide pigments. The method is also applicable to pigment mixtures and pigmented coatings containing titanium dioxide.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车