5.1 This test method is useful in characterizing pitches and asphalts as one element in establishing uniformity of shipments and sources of supply.1.1 This test method covers the determination of relative density by water displacement of hard pitches and asphalts with softening points above 70 °C.1.2 The relative density of hard pitch and asphalt shall be determined, whenever possible, on homogeneous natural fragments free of cracks. The use of cast cubes is not recommended due to the difficulty of avoiding incorporation of air bubbles.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Permittivity:5.1.1 Polyethylene and Materials of Permittivity Within 0.1 of That of Polyethylene—Since the permittivity of benzene or 1-cSt silicone fluid is very close to that of polyethylene, these fluids are recommended for highly accurate and precise testing of polyethylene or other materials with permittivity close to that of polyethylene. These aspects of the test method make it a suitable tool to determine batch-to-batch uniformity of a polyethylene compound to meet precise requirements of high capacitance uniformity and capacitance stability in electronic apparatus. It also serves as a means to detect impurities, as well as changes resulting from prolonged exposure to high humidity, water immersion, weathering, aging, processing treatments, and exposure to radiation.5.1.2 Other Materials—This test method provides advantages for routine testing of those materials that have a poorer match in permittivity between the liquids mentioned in 5.1.1 and the specimen. These advantages include, but are not limited to, a reduction of the probability of errors caused by imprecise thickness data and the ease with which tests can be performed. Correction factors can be calculated to account for the bias introduced by the permittivity mismatch. The two liquids mentioned in 5.1.1 are not the only liquids having known values of dielectric properties and are known to be compatible with a solid electrical insulating material.Dissipation Factor—Normally, polyethylene has a very low dissipation factor, and a test specimen exhibiting an abnormally high dissipation factor would be suspected of containing impurities or being contaminated. The reproducibility of dissipation factor by this test method is somewhat better than that obtainable with the more conventional methods, but is limited by the sensitivity of commercially available measuring apparatus.1.1 These test methods provide techniques for the determination of the relative (Note 1) permittivity and the dissipation factor of solid insulating materials by fluid (Note 2) displacement.Note 1—In common usage, the word "relative" is frequently dropped.Note 2—The word "fluid" is a commonly used synonym for "liquid" and yet a gas is also a fluid. In this standard, the word "fluid" is used to show that liquid is not all that is meant.1.2 Test Method A is especially suited to the precise measurements on polyethylene sheeting at 23°C and at frequencies between 1 kHz and 1 MHz. It may also be used at other frequencies and temperatures to make measurements on other materials in sheet form.1.3 Test Method B is limited to the frequency range of available guarded bridges. It is especially suited to measurements on very thin films since it does not require determination of the thickness of the specimen yet it provides an estimate of the thickness of thin films that is more accurate and precise than thickness measurements obtained by other means.1.4 Test Method B is also useful for measurements of polymer sheeting up to 2-mm thickness.1.5 These test methods permit calculation of the dissipation factor of the specimens tested.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precautionary statement, see 7.2.

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4.1 This test method is designed to provide load versus deformation response of plastics under essentially multi-axial deformation conditions at impact velocities. This test method further provides a measure of the rate sensitivity of the material to impact.4.2 Multi-axial impact response, while partly dependent on thickness, does not necessarily have a linear correlation with specimen thickness. Therefore, results must be compared only for specimens of essentially the same thickness, unless specific responses versus thickness formulae have been established for the material.4.3 For many materials, there are cases where a specification that requires the use of this test method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material specification before using this test method. Table 1 of Classification System D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.1.1 This test method covers the determination of puncture properties of rigid plastics over a range of test velocities.1.2 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: This standard and ISO 6603-2 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content. The technical content and results shall not be compared between the two test methods.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The static compression-displacement of a baseball or softball is a mechanical property which can correlate to dynamic properties.5.2 This test method is suitable for obtaining data in research and development, quality control, and classifying balls by the compression-displacement.5.3 Sports associations can use compression-displacement standards in specifications for official baseballs and softballs standards in specifications for official baseballs and softballs for purposes of consistency of performance.5.4 This same test procedure can be utilized with other compressive forces and the specified force is not necessarily the same as experienced in actual use.1.1 This test method describes a comparative measurement method for baseballs and softballs as defined by a static compression displacement test.1.2 This test method is based on a slow rate force-displacement measurement.1.3 This procedure is for baseballs and softballs meeting standards established by the sports' governing bodies.NOTE 1: Since the compression-displacement of baseballs and softballs can influence the performance characteristics, this test provides a simple method to compare and categorize such balls based on force levels in a standardized compression-displacement test.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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