1.1 This test method covers the procedures for testing hardened concrete when subjected to triaxial stress conditions. Materials other than concrete, cement paste, or mortar are excluded. When the determination of the strength of concrete under a triaxial state of stress is made according to this test method, two of the three principal stresses are always equal. There is no provision made for the measurement of pore pressures; therefore all strength values are in terms of total stress. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

4.1 These test methods will allow the user to determine integrity and stability of the load as well as provide guidance to improve the design of the shipping container or the unit load where deficiencies are found.4.2 Damage to products or packages observed during testing can be expected to correlate at least in a qualitative way to damage observed in actual distribution handling systems.4.3 The results received from shock machine testing and free fall drop testing are different for certain products. Where this test is performed to satisfy a regulatory or contractual requirement, its use is subject to approval by the agency concerned.1.1 These test methods cover testing the integrity of unitized loads and large shipping cases and crates as well as the ability of the contents to endure rough handling. Not all of the test methods are applicable to all products, containers, and loads. These test methods are applicable to common means of material handling as follows:1.1.1 Test Method A, B, C, D, and E—Drop Test—For measuring the ability of the case or crate or unitized load to withstand rough handling impacts and provide information useful in improving the design of the container. Normally, Test Methods A and B are not applied to unitized loads.1.1.2 Test Method F—Tip Test—For determining if filled tall or top heavy cases, crates, or unitized loads will tip over when tilted to a predetermined angle.1.1.3 Method G—Tipover Test—For determining the ability of filled large shipping cases or crates to resist the impacts associated with tipover hazards, and for determining the ability of the packaging and packing methods to provide protection to the contents, when the case or crate is tipped over.NOTE 1: Test Method G fulfills the requirements of ISO 8768. ISO 8768 may not meet the requirements for Test Method G.1.1.4 Test Method H—Rolling Test—For determining the ability of complete, filled large shipping cases or crates to withstand the effects of rolling.NOTE 2: Test Method H fulfills the requirements of ISO 2876. ISO 2876 may not meet the requirements for Test Method H.1.2 Additional Test Procedures: 1.2.1 Test methods for mechanical handling of unitized loads and large shipping cases and crates are set forth in Test Method D6055. Additional tests that apply to mechanical handling of unitized loads and large cases and crates include incline impact tests, described in Test Method D880 and horizontal impact tests, described in Test Methods D4003 and Test Method D5277. Test Methods D4003 includes a special pallet marshaling test and Test Methods D1185 provides test methods for pallets and related structures.1.2.2 Practice D4169 provides a series of options for selecting and running performance tests on all types of shipping containers and systems.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The procedures outlined will provide data that can be used to evaluate the structural performance, under concentrated loads, of roof and floor sheathing, separate from the effects of the framing, under simulated conditions representative of those in actual service.5.2 The procedures are intended to be applied to roof or floor sheathing materials installed directly to framing. They are not intended for the evaluation of the framed assembly as a whole.1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the resistance to deflection and damage of floor and roof sheathing used in site-built construction subjected to concentrated static loads as well as impact loads from nonrigid blunt objects. It is applicable to wood and wood-based panels and boards, but is not intended to cover profiled metal decks, nor precast or cast-in-place slabs. Surface indentation is not evaluated separately from deflection.1.2 Three applications are covered: roof sheathing, subfloors, and single floors. Roof sheathing is tested in both a dry and a wet condition, while subfloors and single floors are both tested in a dry condition, as well as a condition of having dried out after being wet. These moisture conditions are those commonly experienced with site-built construction.NOTE 1: Where it is anticipated that sheathing will be subjected only to dry conditions during construction and use, or else to greater moisture exposure than is indicated in 7.3.2, the corresponding exposure conditions may be modified by agreement between the interested parties. For example, shop-built construction may be tested dry only, although the possibility of exposure to high humidity or leaks and flooding during use should be considered.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Glass specimens to be tested shall be mounted in a standard test frame with four sides supported, or in a test frame designed to represent specific glazing conditions.5.2 Loads on glass in windows, curtain walls, and doors may vary greatly in magnitude, direction, and duration. Any design load (wind, snow, etc.) that can reasonably be applied to the test specimens or transformed into an equivalent uniform design load can be considered. Load transformation techniques are addressed in the literature (1, 2, 3).35.3 The strength of glass varies with many different factors including surface condition, load duration, geometry, relative humidity, and temperature (4). A thorough understanding of those strength variations is required to interpret results of this test method.1.1 This proof load test method is a procedure to determine, with a 90 % confidence level, if the probability of breakage under design loads for a given population of glass specimens is less than a selected value. It is not intended to be a design standard for determining the load resistance of glass. Practice E1300 shall be used for this purpose.1.2 This test method describes apparatus and procedures to select and apply a proof load to glass specimens, to determine the number of glass specimens to be tested, and to evaluate statistically the probability of breakage. This test method may be conducted using the standard test frame specified herein or a test frame of the user's design.1.3 Proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure measurement and an understanding of recommended glazing practices.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is a general procedure for testing architectural glass products under uniform static loads.5.2 Loads on glass in windows, curtain walls, and doors may vary greatly in magnitude, direction, and duration. An understanding of wind loads on the building is required for selection of test loads and interpretation of results with respect to expected exposure at a particular site.5.3 A thorough understanding of the variations of the strength of glass and the nature of loading is required to interpret results of this test method.5.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure, deflection, and strain measurement.1.1 This test method is a general test procedure for load tests of glass subjected to uniform static loads. It is applicable for test protocols involving specified loads, load durations, and loading rates.1.2 This test method is applicable to architectural flat glass of various types; for example, annealed, heat-strengthened, fully tempered, laminated, insulating, and combinations thereof.1.3 This test method describes a process of applying specific test loads to glass. The test may be conducted using a standard test frame specified herein or a test frame of the user's design.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Section 7.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This guide is intended to provide a standardized method and a set of basic instructions for performing stack testing on UN packaging designs using either guided or unguided top loads. This guide provides the suggested minimum information that should be documented when conducting stacking test and provides information for recommended equipment.4.2 All packaging design types other than bags must be subjected to a stacking test. Packagings subject to the stacking test must be capable of withstanding a superimposed top load of a specified minimum mass for a specified period of time without failure as these parameters are defined in the regulations. The test is not intended to determine the absolute top load capability of a packaging.NOTE 1: When quantification of box compression strength is desired for determining stacking strength or for design purposes use Test Method D642 and conditioning as recommended in 4.5.4.3 Design qualification testing procedures are intended, as explicitly stated in the HMR, to be the minimum performance capability levels for packaging manufactured to transport Hazardous Materials under conditions normally incident to transportation.4.4 The HMR tests are designed to be gross package capability evaluations that can be performed in a similar manner in all parts of the world, but under circumstances with some variance in test facility capabilities. This is an intentional feature of the test designs and protocols. The focus of HMR testing is not the determination of quantifiable, comparison data to allow for analytical evaluation.4.5 It is recommended that facilities performing the HMR tests consult the guidance on conditioning in the relevant ASTM documents for any particular packaging material as applicable. The following conditioning documents, Practices D4332 and D685, are commonly used.1.1 This guide is intended to provide a standardized method and a set of basic instructions for conducting stacking tests on United Nations (UN) non-bulk, intermediate bulk container (IBC), and Large Packagings. Using guided or unguided loads in accordance with the U.S. Department of Transportation Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (“The Orange Book”). The combination or interchange of these regulations will be referred to as the Hazardous Material Regulations (HMR).1.2 The Dangerous Goods Regulations require performance tests to be conducted on packaging designs prior to being authorized for use. The regulations do not include standardized procedures to accomplish this which can result in differences between testing facilities. The purpose of this document is to provide guidance and to establish a set of common practices for conducting stack testing on packagings undergoing UN certification.1.3 The user of this guide must be trained in accordance with 49 CFR as required by 172.700 and should be familiar with other applicable hazardous materials regulations such as; International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air, the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code), and carrier rules such as International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车