4.1 The intent of this practice is to indicate standard welded specimens and welding procedures for evaluating the SCC characteristics of weldments in corrosive environments. The practice does not recommend the specific corrosive media that may be selected by the user depending upon the intent of his investigation. Specific corrosive media are included in Practices G35, G36, G37, and G44. Other environments can be used as required.1.1 This practice covers procedures for the making and utilization of test specimens for the evaluation of weldments in stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) environments.1.2 Test specimens are described in which (a) stresses are developed by the welding process only, (b) stresses are developed by an externally applied load in addition to the stresses due to welding, and (c) stresses are developed by an externally applied load only with residual welding stresses removed by annealing.1.3 This practice is concerned only with the welded test specimen and not with the environmental aspects of stress-corrosion testing. Specific practices for the bending and loading of test specimens, as well as the stress considerations involved in preparation of C-rings, U-bend, bent-beam, and tension specimens are discussed in other ASTM standards.1.4 The actual stress in test specimens removed from weldments is not precisely known because it depends upon the level of residual stress from the welding operation combined with the applied stress. A method for determining the magnitude and direction of residual stress which may be applicable to weldment is described in Test Method E837. The reproducibility of test results is highly dependent on the preparation of the weldment, the type of test specimen tested, and the evaluation criteria used. Sufficient replication should be employed to determine the level of inherent variability in the specific test results that is consistent with the objectives of the test program.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (For more specific safety hazards information, see Section 7.)1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 These practices provide means of preparing small quantities of resin solution (in some procedures in an inert gas atmosphere using uniform, controlled heating).5.2 This practice provides quick ways to prepare a resin solution for quality control testing during the manufacture of resin solutions and vehicles. Samples can usually be prepared in approximately 30 to 45 minutes or less.5.3 These practices can be used to prepare commonly specified ink test solutions such as 33.3 % resin in alkali refined linseed oil, and 50 % resin in heat-set ink solvent (that is, C12 to C16 hydrocarbon petroleum distillate with initial boiling point (IBP) about 470°F).1.1 These practices describe laboratory procedures for preparing an oil-based ink resin solution in a high-boiling solvent using four pieces of lab equipment:(1) A hot oil bath (Sections 4 to 11),(2) A stirrer/hot plate (Sections 12 to 16),(3) An industrial blender (Sections 17 to 22), and(4) A hot air gun (Sections 23 to 27).ASTM Subcommittee D01.37 recommends using the hot oil bath procedure (Practice D5597) where possible.1.2 These practices use laboratory equipment generally available in a normal, well-equipped laboratory.1.3 One or several of these practices allows for rapid resin solution preparation (under 30 min, typical), can regulate the maximum temperature, can be done under an inert atmosphere, and can prevent the random solvent loss during preparation.1.4 These procedures are for use with ink resins intended mainly for oil-based offset and letterpress inks. The type of resins are typically, but not limited to C9 aromatic hydrocarbon resins, modified dicyclopentadiene resins, rosin pentaerythritol or glycerine esters, phenolic modified rosin esters, maleic anhydride modified rosin esters, and naturally occurring resins such as gilsonite.1.5 The typical high boiling solvents to be used include C12 to C16 petroleum distillates, 2,2,4 trimethyl 1,3-pentanediol di-isobutyrate,2 alkali refined linseed oil, tridecyl alcohol, or combinations of the above.1.6 To avoid fire or injury, or both, to the operator, these practices should not be used with low flash point solvents such as toluene or xylene. The minimum flash point of the solvents used should be 60°C (140°F) as determined by Test Method D56. (Warning—Users of this practice should be aware that the flash point of many solvents used for this test (as defined in Test Methods D56 and D1310) is exceeded in the heating cycle of this test method. Take safety precautions since there is the potential for vapor ignition. Do the methods outlined in a shielded exhaust hood, where there is access to a fire extinguisher if needed.)1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statement see 25.11.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice provides a means of preparing resin solutions by the “cold cut” method, modeling high-shear production dispersion techniques.1.1 These practices describe laboratory procedures for preparing a solvent or water based ink resin solution in low boiling solvent or alkaline water using two types of lab equipment; (1) an industrial blender (Sections 3 – 7), and (2) a laboratory roller mill (Sections 8 – 12).NOTE 1: ASTM Subcommittee D01.37 recommends using the industrial blender where possible.1.2 These practices use laboratory equipment generally available in a normal, well-equipped laboratory.1.3 These procedures are for use with ink resins intended mainly for liquid (for example, flexographic and rotogravure) inks. The type of resins is typically, but not limited to, acrylic and styrene/acrylic copolymers, polyamides, polyesters, polyvinylbutyral, and maleated/fumarated rosin esters.1.4 The typical low boiling solvents to be used include ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, and n-propyl acetate. For water based ink resin solutions, water is used in combination with ammonium hydroxide or amines such as dimethylethanolamine, monoethanolamine, and triethylamine.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This guide outlines the standard procedure for establishing and maintaining a preparatory cycle for electroplating on high carbon steel producing minimal hydrogen embrittlement and maximal adhesion of the electrodeposited metal. The reagents needed for this method are technical grade hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and water. Steel substrates shall conform to required hardness, hydrogen embrittlement, and surface oxidation characteristics, and quality. Proper preplating treatments such as precleaning, stress relief treatment, mechanical treatment, electrolytic anodic cleaning, hydrochloric acid treatment, treatment for smut removal, anodic acid etching, and electropolishing shall be performed. Coating adhesion and embrittlement shall be tested.1.1 This guide is intended as an aid in establishing and maintaining a preparatory cycle for electroplating on high-carbon steel (Note 1) producing a minimum of hydrogen embrittlement and maximum adhesion of the electrodeposited metal. For the purpose of this guide, steels containing 0.35 % of carbon or more, and case-hardened low-carbon steel, are defined as high-carbon steels. There is no generally recognized definite carbon content dividing high from low-carbon steels for electroplating purposes.NOTE 1: Electroplating of plain high-carbon steel introduced problems not found in similar operations on low-carbon steel. During the cleaning and electroplating cycle, high-carbon steel differs from low-carbon steel in regard to its greater tendency to become embrittled and the greater difficulty in obtaining maximum adhesion of the electrodeposit. The preparation of low-carbon steel for electroplating is covered in Practice B183.1.2 This guide does not apply to the electroplating of alloy steel. For methods of chromium electroplating directly on steel, see Guide B177.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazards statement, see 3.1.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This practice covers the standard for the preparation of cylindrical specimens of bituminous paving mixture suitable for dynamic modulus tests. This is intended for dense-graded bituminous concrete mixtures containing aggregates. The test specimens shall be prepared with accordance to other ASTM documents prescribed herein. The procedure for preparing the cylindrical specimens using a California kneading compactor include placing the compaction mold in position in the mold holder and inserting a paper disk to cover the base plate of the mold holder. Using a variable transformer, the compactor foot is maintained sufficiently hot. Using a paddle of suitable dimensions, push the mixture into the mold. After compaction, a static load is applied to the specimen using a compression testing machine. After reaching the applied pressure as prescribed herein, the load is released immediately. After cooling, the specimen is removed from the mold and placed on a smooth flat surface.1.1 This practice covers the preparation of cylindrical specimens of bituminous paving mixture suitable for dynamic modulus tests. The practice is intended for dense-graded bituminous concrete mixtures containing aggregate up to 25.0-mm maximum size.1.2 The values stated in SI units are the standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 There is a need to monitor the content of metals and metalloids in order to determine the presence of potential hazards. Hence, effective and efficient methods are required for the preparation of soil samples for determination of metals and metalloids present therein.5.2 This practice may be used for the digestion of soil samples that are collected during various construction and renovation and hazard survey activities in and around buildings and related structures. The practice is also suitable for the digestion of soil samples for metal and metalloid analyses collected from other locations, such as near roads and steel structures. For some other extraction procedures, see Practices D3974.5.3 This practice is intended to be used to prepare samples that have been collected for hazard assessment purposes but may be used for other applications such as, for example, monitoring the effectiveness of remediation activities.5.4 This practice may be capable of determining metals and metalloids bound within matrices, such as silica, that are not soluble in nitric acid alone.5.5 This practice includes drying and homogenization steps to help assure that reported results are representative of the sample and are independent of potential differences in soil moisture levels among different sampling locations or changing weather conditions.1.1 This practice covers drying, homogenization, and ammonium bifluoride-nitric acid digestion of soil samples and associated quality control (QC) samples for the determination of metals and metalloids using laboratory atomic spectrometry analysis techniques such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). For ammonium bifluoride-nitric acid digestion of airborne dust and dust-wipe samples for the determination of metals and metalloids, see Practice D8344.1.2 This practice is based on U.S. EPA SW 846, Test Method 3050, Test Method D7202, and Practice D8344.1.3 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this standard.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The concentration of tannin in extracts must be reduced to analytical strength (4 g tannin per L) for analysis.4.2 Vegetable tannin extracts are heterogeneous mixtures of components with varying solubility.4.3 The solubility of such extracts is influenced by temperature and concentration, which affect the degree of dispersion and size of the component particles.4.4 While the solubility is better in hot water than in cold water, it is appropriate to dissolve and disperse an extract in hot water and then let the solution cool slowly to standard room temperature.1.1 This practice covers the preparation of a solution of liquid extract that is to be used in the tannin analysis of that extract.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Dissipation Factor and Relative Permittivity—Knowledge of these properties is important in the design of electrical equipment such as cables, transformers, insulators, and so forth. The numerical product of these two properties of a dielectric system is proportional to the energy loss converted to heat, and is called its loss index (see Terminology D1711). The energy loss reduces the efficiency of electrical equipment. The heat produced tends to chemically degrade the dielectric material and may even lead to thermal runaway. Test results of impregnated specimens can disclose significant differences between combinations of papers and oils that appear similar when the papers and the oils are tested separately. Dissipation factor, particularly at elevated temperatures, is often changed significantly by the presence of a small quantity of impurities in either the liquid or the paper. This practice is useful in the comparison of materials and in evaluating the effects of different papers on a given liquid. Judicious analysis of results with respect to time, temperature, and field strength are useful in predicting the performance and capabilities of systems using the paper and the liquid. For additional information on the significance of dissipation factor and relative permittivity, see Test Methods D150.5.2 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at Commercial Power Frequencies: 5.2.1 A comprehensive discussion of the significance of the dielectric strength test as applied to solid, semi-solid, and liquid materials is given in Appendix X1 of Test Method D149. Other factors peculiar to high-quality composite insulations, such as oil-impregnated papers, are considered in the following:5.2.2 In tests involving high electrical stresses, immersion of critical parts of a test circuit in oil is a widely used technique for inhibiting corona. However, it has limitations that must be recognized when using the submerged electrode option of this practice (Note 1). Attack on the paper by corona generated in the surrounding fluid at electrode edges can occur whether the fluid is air or oil. Corona occurs at considerably higher voltages in oil than in air. Thick and dense papers are more likely to cause discharge-initiated breakdowns. For interpretation of breakdown measurements consider the number of edge breakdowns, implying discharge-initiated breakdowns.NOTE 1: Two techniques are in use in the industry for testing specimens for dielectric breakdown voltage. In one, the test is made with the electrodes and test specimen submerged in the impregnating liquid while in the other the electrodes are not submerged, that is, the specimen is tested in air. Much data has been accumulated using the latter technique. These techniques yield different values of breakdown voltage. Test Method D149 states preference for testing materials in the medium in which they are used. The use of submerged electrodes follows this preference. When testing thick insulating boards, the use of submerged electrodes is greatly preferred.5.2.3 The results of power frequency tests on oil impregnated papers are useful for screening, research, and quality control, provided that considerable judgment is exercised in interpreting the results. The application of the test results to equipment design and service requires particular caution and skill (see Appendix X1 of Test Method D149).5.3 Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength Under Impulse Conditions—Testing impregnated paper or board under impulse conditions can yield useful data for the designer of electrical equipment. The test results are useful in the comparison of materials and for research studies. For a more general treatise on the significance of impulse testing see Test Method D3426.1.1 This practice covers the preparation of insulating paper and board impregnated with a liquid dielectric. Where this practice states only “paper,” the same procedure shall apply to board.1.2 This practice has been found practicable for papers having nominal thickness of 0.05 mm (2 mil) and above. It has been used successfully for insulating board as thick as 6 mm (1/4 in.) when care is taken to ensure the specimen geometry necessary for valid measurement of dielectric properties. Suitable geometry depends on the electrode system used. Rigid solid opposing electrodes require flat specimens that have essentially parallel surfaces.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The concentration of tannins in solid, pasty, and powdered extracts needs to be reduced to analytical strength for tannin analyses.4.2 Vegetable tannin extracts are heterogeneous mixtures of components with varying solubility.4.3 The solubility of such extracts is influenced by temperature and concentration, which affect the degree of dispersion and size of the component particles.4.4 Since extracts have greater solubility in hot water than cold, it is desirable to dissolve and disperse an extract in hot water and then let the solution cool slowly to standard room temperature.4.5 It is often difficult to reduce samples of solid and particularly pasty extracts to specimen size and at the same time ensure representative sampling. Therefore, caution is advised in drawing conclusions on the precision and bias of the results obtained on such extracts; where difficulties in sample preparation are experienced, little confidence can be placed in the results.1.1 This practice covers a standard procedure for use in preparing the analytical solution required for the analysis of solid, pasty, or powdered vegetable tannin extracts.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice provides a means of preparing gel vehicles in laboratory equipment that most closely resembles production reactors. It can be used to predict the performance of gel vehicle components (resins, gellants, alkyds, etc.) in the user's equipment.5.2 An ample amount of gel vehicle can be prepared for use in preparing inks for press testing.1.1 This practice covers a laboratory procedure for the gelation of a resin solution, ink varnish, or vehicle using a resin kettle.1.2 Guidance in preparing gelled vehicle samples suitable for use in laboratory sample quantity oil-based printing inks is provided.1.3 The procedure outlined is not intended as a means of rating or evaluating resin or vehicle gelability, and is applicable only if the solutions, varnishes, or vehicles produced are of a rheology that is measurable by conventional ink and varnish industry viscometers or rheometers.1.4 The values stated in SI units of measurement are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The chemical analysis of biological material, collected from such locations as streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans can provide information of environmental significance. The chemical analysis of biological material used in toxicity tests may be useful to better interpret the toxicological results.5.2 Many aquatic biological samples, either as a result of their size, or their method of collection, are inherently heterogeneous in that they may contain occluded water in varying and unpredictable amounts and may contain foreign objects or material (for example, sediment) not ordinarily intended for analysis, the inclusion of which would result in inaccurate analysis.5.3 Standard methods for separating foreign objects, to facilitate homogenization, will minimize errors due to poor mixing and inclusion of extraneous material.5.4 Standardized procedures for drying provide a means for reporting analytical values to a common dry weight basis, if desired. Analyses may also be carried out or reported on a wet weight basis.1.1 This guide describes procedures for the preparation of test samples collected from such locations as streams, rivers, ponds, lakes, estuaries, oceans, and toxicity tests and is applicable to such organisms as plankton, mollusks, fish, and plants.1.2 The procedures are applicable to the determination of volatile, semivolatile, and nonvolatile inorganic constituents of biological materials. Analyses may be carried out or reported on either a dry or wet basis.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 9.3.3.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice provides a means of preparing a number of gel vehicle samples with minimum use of materials and time. It provides a means of quickly characterizing and comparing the gelability or reactivity of resins, vehicles, and gelling agents.1.1 This practice outlines a procedure for preparing gelled vehicle samples using a microwave oven.1.2 The test samples can be used for characterizing the gelability or reactivity of resins, gelling agents, and vehicles used in the manufacture of oil based printing inks, or both.1.3 Evaluation of the gelled vehicles may, depending upon preference, be either visual or instrumental.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元