1.1 This test method covers the determination of delivered mass of aerosol products.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific cautionary statement, see the Note in Section 5.

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This specification covers the standard requirements for hot-dip galvanized zinc coatings on iron and steel products made from rolled pressed and forged shapes, castings, plates, bars, and strips. This specification deals with both unfabricated products and fabricated products, for example, assembled steel products, structural steel fabrications, large tubes already bent or welded before galvanizing, and wire work fabricated from uncoated steel wire. Also covered here are steel forgings and iron castings incorporated into pieces fabricated before galvanizing or those too large to be centrifuged (or otherwise handled to remove excess galvanizing bath metal).1.1 This specification covers the requirements for zinc coating (galvanizing) by the hot-dip process on iron and steel products made from rolled pressed and forged shapes, castings, plates, bars, and strips.1.2 This specification covers both unfabricated products and fabricated products, for example, assembled steel products, structural steel fabrications, large tubes already bent or welded before galvanizing, and wire work fabricated from uncoated steel wire. This specification also covers steel forgings and iron castings incorporated into pieces fabricated before galvanizing or which are too large to be centrifuged (or otherwise handled to remove excess galvanizing bath metal).NOTE 1: This specification covers those products previously addressed in Specifications A123-78 and A386-78.1.3 This specification does not apply to wire, pipe, tube, or steel sheet which is galvanized on specialized or continuous lines, or to steel less than 22 gage (0.0299 in.) [0.76 mm] thick.1.4 The galvanizing of hardware items that are to be centrifuged or otherwise handled to remove excess zinc (such as bolts and similar threaded fasteners, castings and rolled, pressed and forged items) shall be in accordance with Specification A153/A153M.1.5 Fabricated reinforcing steel bar assemblies are covered by the present specification. The batch galvanizing of separate reinforcing steel bars shall be in accordance with Specification A767/A767M and the continuous galvanizing of reinforcing bars shall be in accordance with Specification A1094/A1094M.1.6 This specification is applicable to orders in either inch-pound units (as A123) or SI units (as A123M). Inch-pound units and SI units are not necessarily exact equivalents. Within the text of this specification and where appropriate, SI units are shown in parentheses. Each system shall be used independently of the other without combining values in any way. In the case of orders in SI units, all testing and inspection shall be done using the metric equivalent of the test or inspection method as appropriate. In the case of orders in SI units, such shall be stated to the galvanizer when the order is placed.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide information to gypsum product installers for the avoidance of hazards associated with the installation of gypsum products adjacent to, or surrounding, electric heating components and conductors; and to avoid damage to gypsum products when used in conjunction with a concealed radiant heating system.4.2 The information given in this guide is applicable to repair of existing cable heating systems and to new construction of radiant heating systems constructed from flexible radiant heating panels.1.1 This guide2 provides information for trades installing gypsum products in conjunction with a concealed radiant ceiling heating system constructed from thin sheet flexible radiant heating panels, and for the installation of gypsum products after repair of existing concealed radiant ceiling heating systems constructed from heating cable or thin sheet flexible radiant heating panels.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This guide does not purport to address any aspect of concealed radiant heating system design or performance, and is limited to the proper installation of gypsum products specified for use in a concealed radiant ceiling heating system.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Products are exposed to complex dynamic stresses in the transportation environment. The determination of the resonant frequencies of the product, either horizontal, vertical or both, aids the package designer in determining the proper packaging system to provide adequate protection of the product, as well as providing an understanding of the complex interactions between the components of the product as they relate to expected transportation vibration inputs.1.1 This test method covers the determination of resonances of unpackaged products and components by means of horizontal linear motion applied at the surface on which the product is mounted. For vertical vibration testing of products see Test Method D3580. Two alternate test methods are presented:1.1.1 Test Method A—Resonance Search Using Sinusoidal Vibration, and1.1.2 Test Method B—Resonance Search Using Random Vibration.NOTE 1: These two test methods are not necessarily equivalent and may not produce the same results.1.2 This information may be used to examine the response of products to vibration for product design purposes, or for the design of a container or interior package that will minimize transportation vibration inputs at the critical frequencies, when these product resonances are within the expected transportation environment frequency range. Since vibration damage is most likely to occur at product resonant frequencies, these may be thought of as potential product fragility points.1.3 Information obtained from the optional sinusoidal dwell and random test methods may be used to assess the fatigue characteristics of the resonating components and for product modification. This may become necessary if a product's response would require design of an impractical or excessively costly shipping container.1.4 This test method does not necessarily simulate vibration effects the product will encounter in operating or end-use environments. Other, more suitable test procedures should be used for this purpose.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 61.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 VOCs emitted from materials/products affect indoor air quality (IAQ) in buildings. To determine the impact of these emissions on IAQ, it is necessary to know their emission rates over time. This practice provides guidelines for using a full-scale environmental chamber for testing large materials and full-scale material systems/assemblies.5.2 While this practice is developed for measuring VOC emissions, the chamber facilities and methods of evaluation presented in this practice are also useful for a variety of purposes including: (1) testing the emissions during the application process (for example, painting), or other related sources; (2) developing scaleup methods (for example, from small chamber results to a full-scale scenario); (3) studying the interaction between sources and sinks, and validating source/sink models which are the basis for IAQ prediction; (4) testing interactions between source emissions and other compounds in the air (for example, NOx, ozone, SOx); and (5) evaluating the performance of air cleaning devices intended to remove contaminants from indoor air.1.1 This practice is intended for determining volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from materials and products (building materials, material systems, furniture, consumer products, etc.) and equipment (printers, photocopiers, air cleaners, etc.) under environmental and product usage conditions that are typical of those found in office and residential buildings.1.2 This practice is for identifying VOCs emitted and determining their emission rates over a period of time.1.3 This practice describes the design, construction, performance evaluation, and use of full-scale chambers for VOC emission testing.1.4 While this practice is limited to the measurement of VOC emissions, many of the general principles and procedures (such as methods for evaluating the general performance of the chamber system) may also be useful for the determination of other chemical emissions (for example, ozone, nitrogen dioxide). Determination of aerosol and particle emissions is beyond the scope of this document.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This guide is intended for use by committees or agencies concerned with the development of standards related to recycling, waste reduction, and resource recovery. Such standards are expected to provide uniform, standardized approaches by specifiers, codes, authorities having jurisdiction (AHJs), and consumers.It is anticipated that more specific guides or standards are being or will be developed to address specific requirements.1.1 This guide provides information for the development of standards (guides, practices, terminology, test methods, or specifications) relating to plastics recycling and other means of waste reductions and resource recovery.1.2 This guide is directed to consumer, commercial, and industrial sources of thermoplastics and thermoset polymeric materials.1.3 This guide addresses terminology, performance standards, specifications, quality assurance, separation or segregation of product by classes, identification and marking of generic classes, contaminants, fillers, designing for recycle, degradable products, reconstituted products, biobased resins, certification and percentages of recycled products, and other methods of waste reduction and resource recovery.1.4 This guide does not address parameters or factors involving the original manufacture of virgin polymers or the fabrication of consumer products from these virgin polymers.1.5 This guide is intended to replace Guide D 5033.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1There is no equivalent ISO standard. ISO/DIS 15270 is similar in scope and content.

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4.1 The test is suitable for check testing properly selected samples from regular production or for determining the suitability of adhesives and bonding techniques for the production of joints for exterior service.4.2 Vary the number of specimens taken from each member and the number of members selected for test depending on the total number of members involved and the purpose of the tests. It is advisable, however, to include at least three specimens in the test, with the specimens selected to represent the probable range of quality of the adhesive joints.4.3 Adhesive joints at knots and knotty areas in general are not dependable under severe exposures. Disregard development of delamination at knots and do not include in the measurements or calculations.1.1 These test methods cover an accelerated means of measuring the resistance to delamination of structural laminated wood members intended for exterior service.1.2 These test methods are not intended as substitutes or replacements for the more severe test of resistance to delamination in Specification D2559.1.3 Two test methods are included. Choice of test method depends on purpose of the test and available time to complete.1.3.1 Test Method A—This test requires 3 days to complete and is a method for determining the suitability of adhesives and manufacturing techniques and equipment for production of joints adequate for exterior service.1.3.2 Test Method B—This test requires approximately 121/2 h. (If excessive delamination occurs, the cycle is repeated). It is a quality-control type test for examining adhesive joint quality.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 The terms in this standard are related to paper and paper products.1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This standard practice is designed to facilitate two-dimensional, sewn pattern piece data exchange between CAD systems at the level of pattern design. It also facilitates grade rule table data exchange for sewn products in the apparel industry. It uses the DXF file format for pattern piece data exchange and a specially formatted ASCII file format for grade rule tables. It is limited to the transfer of pattern pieces within a style and the associated pattern piece and style information. It does not support the transfer of numerical cutter instructions; plotter instructions, complete marker-laying or spreading information, or product data specification information.1.1 This standard is designed to facilitate communication between CAD/CAM systems that represent two-dimensional flat pattern pieces. This standard also provides conventions for representing related information such as grade rule tables. This standard is not intended to represent the relationships between pattern pieces or the correspondence between 2D or 3D sewn product pattern piece geometries.1.2 The file format for the pattern data exchange file defined by this standard (Practice D6673) complies with the Drawing Interchange File (DXF) format. Autodesk, Inc. developed the DXF format for transferring data between their AutoCAD(r) product and other software applications. This standard documents the manner in which pattern data should be represented within the DXF format. Users of this standard should have Autodesk, Inc.'s documentation on Drawing Interchange Files, found in the AutoCAD Reference Manual, in order to assure compatibility to all DXF format specifications. The AutoCAD Version 13 DXF specification is to be used. The file format for the grade rule table exchange file is an ASCII text file.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 A standard test is necessary to establish a behavior pattern for spilled crude oils or petroleum products at different oil weathering stages.4.2 Water-in-oil mixtures vary with oil type and oil conditions such as weathering. Results from this test method form a baseline, and usually are a measure of behavior at sea.4.3 This test has been developed over many years using standardized equipment, test procedures, and to overcome difficulties noted in other test procedures.4.4 This test should be performed at the temperatures and degrees of weathering corresponding to the spill conditions of interest.1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the water-in-oil emulsification tendencies and stabilities of crude oils and petroleum products in the laboratory. The results of this test method can provide oil behavior data for input into oil spill models.1.2 This test method covers a specific method of determining emulsion tendencies and does not cover other procedures that may be applicable to determining emulsion tendencies.1.3 The test results obtained using this test method are intended to provide baseline data for the behavior of oil and petroleum products at sea and input to oil spill models.1.4 The test results obtained using this test method can be used directly to predict certain facets of oil spill behavior or as input to oil spill models.1.5 The accuracy of the test method depends very much on the representative nature of the oil sample used. Certain oils can form a variety of water-in-oil types depending on their chemical contents at the moment a sample is taken. Other oils are relatively stable with respect to the type formed1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of gypsum and gypsum panel products, including gypsum ready-mixed plaster, gypsum wood-fibered plaster, and gypsum concrete.1.2 These test methods appear in the following order:    Sections  Preparation of Sample 4  Complete Procedure 5 – 16  Alternative Procedure for Analysis of Free Water in 17       Gypsum Using a Moisture Balance    Alternative Procedure for Analysis of Combined Water in 18       Gypsum Using a Moisture Balance    Alternative Procedure for Analysis of Organic Material 19       and Carbon Dioxide in Gypsum by High Temperature         Weight Loss    Alternative Procedure for Analysis for Calcium Sulfate by 20       Ammonium Acetate Method    Alternative Procedure for Analysis for Sodium Chloride by 21       the Coulometric Method    Determination of Sand in Set Plaster 22  Wood-fiber Content in Wood-fiber Gypsum Plaster 23  Optional Procedure for Analysis for Sodium by the Atomic 24       Absorption Method    Optional Procedure for Analysis for Sodium by Flame 25       Photometry    Determination of Orthorhombic Cyclooctasulfur (S8) in 26       Ggypsum Panel Products—General Provisions    Determination of Orthorhombic Cyclooctasulfur (S8) in 27       Gypsum Panel Products by Gas Chromatograph         Equipped with a Mass Spectrometer (GS/MS)    Determination of Orthorhombic Cyclooctasulfur (S8) in 28       Gypsum Panel Products by Gas Chromatograph         Equipped with an Electron Capture Detector (GC/ECD)    Determination of Orthorhombic Cyclooctasulfur (S8) in 29       Gypsum Panel Products by High-performance Liquid         Chromatograph Equipped with and Ultraviolet Detector         (HPLC/UV)  1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in these test methods.1.4 These text of this test method references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Objectives—The use of small chambers to evaluate VOC emissions from indoor materials has several objectives: 4.1.1 Develop techniques for screening of products for VOC emissions; 4.1.2 Determine the effect of environmental variables (that is, temperature, humidity, air speed, and air change rate) on emission rates; 4.1.3 Rank various products and product types with respect to their emissions profiles (for example, emission factors, specific organic compounds emitted); 4.1.4 Provide compound-specific data on various organic sources to guide field studies and assist in evaluating indoor air quality in buildings; 4.1.5 Provide emissions data for the development and verification of models used to predict indoor concentrations of organic compounds; and 4.1.6 Develop data useful to stakeholders and other interested parties for assessing product emissions and developing control options or improved products. 4.2 Mass Transfer Considerations—Small chamber evaluation of emissions from indoor materials requires consideration of the relevant mass transfer processes. Three fundamental processes control the rate of emissions of organic vapors from indoor materials; evaporative mass transfer from the surface of the material to the overlying air, desorption of adsorbed compounds, and diffusion within the material. 4.2.1 The evaporative mass transfer of a given VOC from the surface of the material to the overlying air can be expressed as: where: ER   =   emission rate, mg/h, A   =   source area, m2, km   =   mass transfer coefficient, m/h, VPs   =   vapor pressure at the surface of the material, Pa, VPa   =   vapor pressure in the air above the surface, Pa, MW   =   molecular weight, mg/mol, R   =   gas constant, 8.314 J/mol-K or Pa m3/mol-K, and T   =   temperature, K. Thus, the emission rate is proportional to the difference in vapor pressure between the surface and the overlying air. Since the vapor pressure is directly related to the concentration, the emission rate is proportional to the difference in concentration between the surface and the overlying air. The mass transfer coefficient is a function of the diffusion coefficient (in air) for the specific compound of interest and the level of turbulence in the bulk flow. 4.2.2 The desorption rate of compounds adsorbed on materials can be determined by the retention time (or average residence time) of an adsorbed molecule: where: τ   =   retention time, s, τo   =   constant with a typical value from 10−12 to 10−15 s, and Q   =   molar enthalpy change for adsorption (or adsorption energy), J/mol. The larger the retention time, the slower the rate of desorption. 4.2.3 The diffusion mass transfer within the material is a function of the diffusion coefficient (or diffusivity) of the specific compound. The diffusion coefficient of a given compound within a given material is a function of the compound's physical and chemical properties (for example, molecular weight, size, and polarity), temperature, and the structure of the material within which the diffusion is occurring. The diffusivity of an individual compound in a mixture is also affected by the composition of the mixture. 4.2.4 Variables Affecting Mass Transfer—While a detailed discussion of mass transfer theory is beyond the scope of this guide, it is necessary to examine the critical variables affecting mass transfer within the context of small chamber testing: 4.2.4.1 Temperature affects the vapor pressure, desorption rate, and the diffusion coefficients of the organic compounds. Thus, temperature impacts both the mass transfer from the surface (whether by evaporation or desorption) and the diffusion mass transfer within the material. Increases in temperature cause increases in the emissions due to all three mass transfer processes. 4.2.4.2 The air change rate indicates the amount of dilution and flushing that occurs in indoor environments. The higher the air change rate the greater the dilution, and assuming the outdoor air is cleaner, the lower the indoor concentration. If the concentration at the surface is unchanged, a lower concentration in the air increases the evaporative mass transfer by increasing the difference in concentration between the surface and the overlying air. 4.2.4.3 Air Speed—Surface air speed is a critical parameter for evaporative-controlled sources as the mass transfer coefficient (km) is affected by the air speed and turbulence at the air-side of the boundary layer. Generally, the higher the air speed and turbulence, the greater the mass transfer coefficient. In a practical sense for most VOCs, above a certain air speed and turbulence, the resistance to mass transfer through the boundary layer is minimized (that is, the mass transfer coefficient reaches its maximum value). In chamber testing, some investigators prefer to use air speeds high enough to minimize the mass transfer resistance at the surface. For example, air speeds of 0.3 to 0.5 m/s have been used in evaluating formaldehyde emissions from wood products. Such air speeds are higher than those observed in normal residential environments by Matthews et al.,3 where in six houses they measured air speeds using an omni-directional heated sphere anemometer with a mean of 0.07 m/s and a median of 0.05 m/s. Thus, other investigators prefer to keep the air speeds in the range normally found indoors. In either case, an understanding of the effect of air speed on the emission rate is needed in interpreting small chamber emissions data. 4.3 Other Factors Affecting Emissions—Most organic compounds emitted from indoor materials and products are non-reactive, and chambers are designed to reduce or eliminate reactions and adsorption on the chamber surfaces (see 5.3.1). In some cases, however, surface adsorption can occur. Some relatively high molecular weight, high boiling compounds can react (that is, with ozone) after being deposited on the surface. In such cases, the simultaneous degradation and buildup on and the ultimate re-emission from the chamber walls can affect the final chamber concentration and the time history of the emission profile. Unless such factors are properly accounted for, incorrect values for the emission rates will be calculated (see 9.4). The magnitude of chamber adsorption and reaction effects can be evaluated by way of mass balance calculations (see 9.5). 4.4 Use of the Results—It is emphasized that small chamber evaluations are used to determine source emission rates. These rates are then used in IAQ models to predict indoor concentration of the compounds emitted from the tested material. Consultation with IAQ modelers may be required to ensure that the small chamber test regime is consistent with the IAQ model assumptions. The concentrations observed in the chambers themselves should not be used as a substitute for concentrations expected in full-scale indoor environments. 1.1 This guide provides direction on the measurement of the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from indoor materials and products using small-scale environmental test chambers. 1.2 This guide pertains to chambers that fully enclose a material specimen to be tested and does not address other emission chamber designs such as emission cells (see instead Practice D7143). 1.3 As an ASTM standard, this guide describes options, but does not recommend specific courses of action. This guide is not a standard test method and must not be construed as such. 1.4 The use of small environmental test chambers to characterize the emissions of VOCs from indoor materials and products is still evolving. Modifications and variations in equipment, testing procedures, and data analysis are made as the work in the area progresses. For several indoor materials, more detailed ASTM standards for emissions testing have now been developed. Where more detailed ASTM standard practices or methods exist, they supersede this guide and should be used in its place. Until the interested parties agree upon standard testing protocols, differences in approach will occur. This guide will continue to provide assistance by describing equipment and techniques suitable for determining organic emissions from indoor materials. Specific examples are provided to illustrate existing approaches; these examples are not intended to inhibit alternative approaches or techniques that will produce equivalent or superior results. 1.5 Small chambers have obvious limitations. Normally, only samples of larger materials (for example, carpet) are tested. Small chambers are not applicable for testing complete assemblages (for example, furniture). Small chambers are also inappropriate for testing combustion devices (for example, kerosene heaters) or activities (for example, use of aerosol spray products). For some products, small chamber testing may provide only a portion of the emission profile of interest. For example, the rate of emissions from the application of high solvent materials (for example, paints and waxes) by means of brushing, spraying, rolling, etc. are generally higher than the rate during the drying process. Small chamber testing cannot be used to evaluate the application phase of the coating process. Large (or full-scale) chambers may be more appropriate for many of these applications. For guidance on full-scale chamber testing of emissions from indoor materials refer to Practice D6670. 1.6 This guide does not provide specific directions for the selection of sampling media or for the analysis of VOCs. This information is provided in Practice D6196. 1.7 This guide does not provide specific directions for determining emissions of formaldehyde from composite wood products, since chamber testing methods for such emissions are well developed and widely used. For more information refer to Test Methods E1333 and D6007. It is possible, however, that the guide can be used to support alternative testing methods. 1.8 This guide is not applicable to the determination of emissions of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) from materials/products largely due to adsorption of these compounds on materials commonly used for construction of chambers suitable for VOC emissions testing. Alternate procedures are required for SVOCs. For example, it may be possible to screen materials for emissions of SVOCs using micro-scale chambers operated at temperatures above normal indoor conditions (see Practice D7706). 1.9 This guide is applicable to the determination of emissions from products and materials that may be used indoors. The effects of the emissions (for example, toxicity) are not addressed and are beyond the scope of the guide. Guide D6485 provides an example of the assessment of acute and irritant effects of VOC emissions for a given material. Specification of “target” organic species of concern is similarly beyond the scope of this guide. As guideline levels for specific indoor contaminants develop, so too will emission test protocols to provide relevant information. Emissions databases and material labeling schemes will also be expected to adjust to reflect the current state of knowledge. 1.10 Specifics related to the acquisition, handling, conditioning, preparation, and testing of individual test specimens may vary depending on particular study objectives. Guidelines for these aspects of emissions testing are provided here, specific direction is not mandated. The purpose of this guide is to increase the awareness of the user to available techniques for evaluating organic emissions from indoor materials/products by means of small chamber testing, to identify the essential aspects of emissions testing that must be controlled and documented, and therefore to provide information, which may lead to further evaluation and standardization. 1.11 Within the context of the limitations discussed in this section, the purpose of this guide is to describe the methods and procedures for determining organic emission rates from indoor materials/products using small environmental test chambers. The techniques described are useful for both routine product testing by manufacturers and testing laboratories and for more rigorous evaluation by indoor air quality (IAQ) researchers. Appendix X1 provides references to standards that are widely employed to measure emissions of VOCs from materials and products used in the interiors of buildings. Some of these standards directly reference this guide. 1.12 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.13 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.14 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 Although the pine chemical industry has been a continuing producer of chemical products for many centuries, the nature of the industry, its products, and its terminology have changed. In particular, the original practice of recovering pine chemical through the processing of the exudate from pine trees has been supplemented by their extraction by solvent products of the wood pulping industry. For many years the industry was known as the Naval Stores industry but that term has gradually been replaced by the more descriptive and meaningful term, Pine Chemicals Industry. Thus, this terminology contains some old terms now mostly of historic value, together with the terms of the modern pine chemical industry.21.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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AbstractThese test methods cover the physical testing of gypsum panel products. The test methos appear in the following order: (1) flexural strength (Method A); (2) core, end, and edge hardness (Method A); (3) nail pull resistance (Method A); (4) humidified deflection; (5) end squareness; (6) nominal thickness; (7) recessed- or tapered-edge depth; (8) width; (9) length; (10) water resistance of core-treated water repellant gypsum panel products; and (11) surface water resistance of gypsum panel products with water-repellant surfaces. For use in these test methods, a sample shall consist of gypsum panel products. Flexural properties of gypsum panel products are evaluated by supporting the specimen near the ends and applying a transverse load midway between the supports. The core, end, and edge hardness of gypsum panel products is evaluated by determining the force required to push a steel punch into the area of test. The ability of gypsum panel products to resist nail pull-through is evaluated by determining the loaded required to push a standard nail head through the product. The humidified deflection of gypsum panel products is evaluated by supporting a specimen that has been cut with the long dimension perpendicular to the machine detection, supported horizontally, and subjected to high humidity.1.1 These test methods cover the physical testing of gypsum panel products.1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:  SectionFlexural Strength (Method A)  7Core, End and Edge Hardness (Method A)  8Nail Pull Resistance (Method A)  9Flexural Strength (Method B) 11Core, End and Edge Hardness (Method B) 12Nail Pull Resistance (Method B) 13Humidified Deflection 14End Squareness 15Nominal Thickness 16Recessed- or Tapered Edge Depth 17Width 18Length 19Water Resistance of Core-Treated Water-Repellent Gypsum Panel Products  20Surface Water Resistance of Gypsum Panel Products with Water-Repellent Surfaces  211.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard with the exception of weight of samples in SI gram units. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 The text of these test methods references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of these test methods.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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