This practice explains the procedure for identifying standard grades and types of flat-rolled electrical steels in ASTM electrical steel specifications. This practice applies to flat-rolled magnetically soft irons and steel such as low-carbon steels and alloys of iron with silicon, aluminum, and so forth produced to a specified thickness and maximum value of core loss. These designations are intended to replace the old AISI M designations which are no longer supported. The practice also has a cross-reference between thickness and electrical sheet gage number.1.1 This practice covers the procedure for designating (within ASTM specifications) standard grades of flat-rolled electrical steels made to specified maximum values of specific core loss. This practice applies to magnetically soft irons and steel (low-carbon steels and alloys of iron with silicon, aluminum, and other alloying elements) where a core loss measurement at a stated peak value of alternating induction and a stated frequency, such as 1.5 T (15 kG) and 60 Hz, is normally used to grade the material. This practice also applies when some other property is specified (or a different induction or frequency, or both) as the limiting characteristic, provided the material also meets all the requirements of the ASTM specification.1.2 Individual specifications that are in conformity with this practice are Specifications A677, A683, A726, A876, and A1086.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 455元 / 折扣价： 387 元

4.1 This practice provides a means whereby the parties can resolve disputes over specification conformance for those product properties which can be tested and expressed numerically.4.1.1 This practice can be used to ensure that such properties are correctly stated on labels or in other descriptions of the product.4.1.2 This practice can be implemented in those cases where a supplier uses an in-house or a commercial testing laboratory to sample and test a product prior to releasing the product to a shipper (intermediate receiver) and the ultimate receiver also uses an in-house or commercial testing laboratory to sample and test the product upon arrival at the destination. The ATV would still be determined according to 8.3.4.2 This practice can be applied in the determination of tolerances from specification limits based on a mutually agreed probability between parties for making the conformance to specification decision if the true value of a property is sufficiently close to the specification limit. Such tolerances are bounded by an acceptance limit (AL). If the ATV value determined by applying this practice falls on the AL or on the acceptable side of the AL, the product property can be considered to have met the specification; otherwise it shall be considered to have failed to meet the specification.4.3 Application of this practice requires the AL be determined prior to actual commencement of testing. Therefore, the degree of criticality of the specification, as determined by the Probability of Acceptance (P value) that is required to calculate the AL, shall have been mutually agreed upon between both parties prior to execution of actual product testing.4.3.1 This agreement should include a decision as to whether the ATV is to be determined by the absolute or rounding-off method of Practice E29, as therein defined.4.3.1.1 If the rounding-off method is to be used, the number of significant digits to be retained must also be agreed upon.4.3.1.2 These decisions must also be made in the case where only one party is involved, as in the case of a label.4.3.1.3 In the absence of such an agreement, this practice recommends the ATV be rounded in accordance with the rounding-off method in Practice E29 to the number of significant digits that are specified in the governing specification.4.4 This practice is designed to be suitable for reference in contracts governing the transfer of petroleum products and lubricants from a supplier to a receiver.4.5 As a prerequisite for acceptance for lab test results to be used in this practice, the following conditions shall be satisfied:4.5.1 Site precision (R′) as defined in Practice D6299 for the appropriate test method(s) from each lab, as substantiated by control charts meeting the requirement of D6299 from in-house quality control programs, for property typical of the product in dispute, should have a TPI > 1.2 for methods with Precision Ratio <4 and TPI > 2.4 for methods with Precision Ratio ≥4 (see Practice D6792 for TPI explanation).4.5.2 Each lab shall be able to demonstrate, by way of results from interlaboratory exchange programs, a lack of a systemic bias relative to exchange averages for the appropriate test method(s) as per methodology outlined in Guide D7372.4.5.3 In the event that the site precision of laboratories from two parties are statistically different as confirmed by the F-test (see Annex A4), then, for the purpose of establishing the ATV, each laboratory's test result shall be inversely weighted in accordance with laboratory's demonstrated variance.4.6 It is recommended that this practice be conducted under the guidance of a qualified statistician.1.1 This practice covers guidelines and statistical methodologies with which two parties (see Note 1) can compare and combine independently obtained test results to obtain an Assigned Test Value (ATV) for the purpose of resolving a dispute over product property conformance with specification.NOTE 1: Application of this practice is usually, but not limited to, between supplier and receiver of a product.1.2 This practice defines a technique for establishing an Acceptance Limit (AL) and Assigned Test Value (ATV) to resolve the dispute over a property conformance with specification by comparing the ATV to the AL.1.3 This practice applies only to those test methods which specifically state that the repeatability and reproducibility values conform to the definitions herein.1.4 The statistical principles and methodology outlined in this practice can also be used to obtain an ATV for specification conformance decision when multiple results are obtained for the same batch of product within a single laboratory. For this application, site precision (R') as defined in Practice D6299 shall be used in lieu of test method published reproducibility (R).1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 It is the intention of this practice, in addition to the Form and Style for ASTM Standards, to assist persons revising test methods and specifications in Committee D20 to ensure that all required elements are included and that the revised document is presented in the most user-friendly manner possible.4.2 This practice is intended for use by Committee D20 when test methods and specifications under its jurisdiction are revised because of technical changes or upon five-year review.4.3 The figures in Annex A1 contain three flowcharts. Fig. A1.1 is a flowchart that shows the review process for standards that have been revised or reapproved recently. Fig. A1.2 is a flowchart for standards that have neither been revised nor reapproved within five years of a new review. Fig. A1.3 is a flowchart for the precision and bias process in outline form.4.4 Specific instructions to be followed when revising Committee D20 documents are given in this practice.4.5 The model precision and bias (P and B) statements included in Annex A3 were developed to standardize the presentation of data.1.1 This practice is intended to assist the subcommittees and sections of Committee D20 on Plastics with the process of standards evaluation during the five-year review mandated by ASTM or when changes to test methods and specifications are required. It is intended to complement the Form and Style for ASTM Standards (“Blue Book”) not replace it.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

1.1 This classification system covers requirements for cellulose acetate thermoplastic compounds plasticized with either diethyl phthalate or dimethyl phthalate and are suitable for injection molding and extrusion. These compounds have an acetyl content between 39 and 40 %. It does not include materials compounded for special application. Cellulosic plastic materials, being thermoplastic, are reprocessable and recyclable. This classification system allows for the use of those cellulosic materials, provided that all specific requirements of this classification system are met.1.2 The properties included in this classification system are those required to identify the compositions covered. Other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications are specified by using the suffixes as given in Section 5.1.3 This classification system and subsequent line call out (specification) are intended to provide a means of calling out plastic materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection can be made by those having expertise in the plastic field only after careful consideration of the design and performance required of the part, environment to which it will be exposed, fabrication process to be employed, costs involved, and inherent properties of the material other than those covered by this classification system.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 11, of this classification system. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 EPA regulations require Portland cement plants that burn hazardous waste to use BLDs or PMDs to provide either a relative or an absolute indication of PM concentration and to alert the plant operator of the need to inspect PM control equipment or initiate corrective action. EPA and others have not established for these applications specific design and performance specifications for these instruments. The design and performance specifications and test procedures contained in this practice will help ensure that measurement systems are capable of providing reliable monitoring data.5.2 This practice identifies relevant information and operational characteristics of BLD and PMD monitoring devices for Portland cement kiln systems. This practice will assist equipment suppliers and users in the evaluation and selection of appropriate monitoring equipment.5.3 This practice requires that tests be conducted to verify manufacturer’s published specifications for detection limit, linearity, thermal stability, insensitivity to supply voltage variations and other factors so that purchasers can rely on the manufacturer’s published specifications. Purchasers are also assured that the specific instrument has been tested at the point of manufacture and shown to meet selected design and performance specifications prior to shipment.5.4 This practice requires that the manufacturer develop and provide to the user written procedures for installation start-up, operation, maintenance, and quality assurance of the equipment. This practice requires that these same procedures are used for a field performance demonstration of the BLD or PMD monitoring equipment at a Portland cement plant.5.5 The applicable test procedures and specifications of this practice are selected to address the equipment and activities that are within the control of the manufacturer.5.6 This practice also may serve as the basis for third party independent audits of the certification procedures used by manufacturers of PMD or BLD equipment.1.1 This practice covers the procedure for certifying particulate matter detectors (PMDs) and bag leak detectors (BLDs) that are used to monitor particulate matter (PM) emissions from kiln systems at Portland cement plants that burn hazardous waste. It includes design specifications, performance specifications, test procedures, and information requirements to ensure that these continuous monitors meet minimum requirements, necessary in part, to monitor reliably PM concentrations to indicate the need for inspection or corrective action of the types of air pollution control devices that are used at Portland cement plants that burn hazardous waste.1.2 This practice applies specifically to the original manufacturer, or to those involved in the repair, remanufacture, or resale of PMDs or BLDs.1.3 This practice applies to (a) wet or dry process cement kilns equipped with electrostatic precipitators, and (b) dry process kilns, including pre-heater pre-calciner kiln systems, equipped with fabric filter controls. Some types of monitoring instruments are suitable for only certain types of applications.NOTE 1: This practice has been developed based on careful consideration of the nature and variability of PM concentrations, effluent conditions, and the type, configuration, and operating characteristics of air pollution control devices used at Portland cement plants that burn hazardous waste.1.4 This practice applies to Portland cement kiln systems subject to PM emission standards contained in 40 CFR 63, Subpart EEE.NOTE 2: The level of the PM emission limit is relevant to the design and selection of appropriate PMD and BLD instrumentation. The current promulgated PM emission standards (70 FR 59402, Oct. 12, 2005) are: (a) 65 mg/dscm at 7 % O2 (0.028 gr/dscf at 7 % O2) or approximately 30 mg/acm (0.013 gr/acf) for “existing sources” and (b) 5.3 mg/dscm at 7 % O2 (0.0023 gr/dscf at 7 % O2) or approximately 2.5 mg/acm (0.001 gr/acf) for “new sources.” On March 23, 2006 (71 FR 14665), EPA proposed to revise the PM standard for new cement plants to 15.9 mg/dscm at 7 % O2 (0.0069 gr/dscf at 7 % O2), or about 6–9 mg/acm (0.0026–0.0039 gr/acf). The emission standards may change in future rulemakings, so users of this practice should check the current regulations. Some types of monitoring instruments are not suitable for use over the range of emissions encountered at both new and existing sources.1.5 The specifications and test procedures contained in this practice exceed those of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). For each monitoring device that the manufacturer demonstrates conformance to this practice, the manufacturer may issue a certificate that states that monitoring device conforms with all of the applicable design and performance requirements of this practice and also meets all applicable requirements for PMDs or BLDs at 40 CFR 63, Subpart EEE, which apply to Portland cement plants.NOTE 3: 40 CFR 63.1206 (c)(8) and (9) requires that BLDs and PMDs “be certified by the manufacturer to be capable of detecting particulate matter emissions at concentrations of 1.0 milligrams per actual cubic meter unless you demonstrate under §63.1209(g), that a higher detection limit would routinely detect particulate matter loadings during normal operations.” This practice includes specific procedures for determination and reporting of the detection limit for each PMD or BLD model.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

1. Scope and Purpose 1.0.1 These specifications apply to impregnated paper- insulated, metallic-sheathed cable of the "solid" type which is to be used for the transmission and distribution of electrical energy on electric utility systems. 1.0.2 The

定价： 592元 / 折扣价： 504 元

This specification covers syndiotactic polystyrene materials including homopolymer, copolymers, blends, and impact modified, suitable for molding and extrusion. The materials are classified as follows: group 01 - homopolymer; group 02 - copolymer; group 03 - flame retardant; group 04 - blends; group 00 - others. These are further classified as class 1 - general purpose; class 2 - impact modified; and class - others. The reinforced and additive materials are as follows: carbon and graphite-reinforced, glass, mineral-reinforced, lubricants, combination of reinforcement, or fillers, or both. Materials shall be tested, test specimens shall be molded by an injection molding process, and the individual grades shall conform to specified values of tensile strength, flexural modulus, tensile modulus, deflection temperature, specific gravity, Izod impact, and ISO Charpy impact, Vicat softening point, melt flow rate.1.1 This classification system covers syndiotactic polystyrene materials including homopolymer, copolymers, blends, and impact modified, suitable for molding and extrusion. Recycled product will be addressed in a separate standard.1.2 This classification system and subsequent line callout (specification) are intended to provide a means of calling out plastic materials used in fabrication of end use items or parts. It is not intended for the selection of matierials. Material selection can be made by those having expertise in the plastics field only after careful consideration of the design and the performance required of the part, the environment to which it will be exposed, the fabrication process to be employed, the inherent properties of the material other than those covered by this classification system, and the economics.1.3 The properties included in this classification system are those required to identify the compositions covered. Other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications are to be called out using the suffixes given in Section 5.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 The Form and Style for ASTM Standards manual provides mandatory requirements and recommended practices for the preparation and content of ASTM specifications. In order to promote consistency in the style and content of product specifications under its jurisdiction, Committee B05 recognizes the need to provide a supplementary document pertaining to the types of products and materials covered by specifications under its jurisdiction.4.2 This guide contains a list of sections to be considered for inclusion in a specification for copper and copper alloys, recommended wording, or both, for such sections. An electronic template including committee adopted language is included in the Appendix.74.3 Persons drafting new product specifications, or modifying existing ones, under the jurisdiction of Committee B05, should follow this guide and the requirements of the Form and Style Manual to ensure consistency.1.1 This guide covers the editorial procedures and form and style for product specifications under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05 on Copper and Copper Alloys.NOTE 1: For standards other than product specifications, such as test methods, practices, and guides, see the appropriate sections of Form and Style for ASTM Standards (Blue Book).21.2 This guide has been prepared as a supplement to the current edition of the Form and Style Manual, and is appropriate for use by the subcommittees within ASTM Committee B05 on Copper and Copper Alloys. This guide is to be applied in conjunction with the Form and Style Manual. The Appendix contains a copy of the B05 electronic template which includes adopted language for various sections and provides a template for drafting B05 product specifications.NOTE 2: The contents of this guide were previously maintained as a white paper under the title, “ASTM Committee B05 Outline of Form of Specifications.”1.3 Subcommittees preparing new product specifications or revising existing ones should follow the practices and procedures outlined herein, and be guided by the latest specifications covering similar commodities.1.4 If a conflict exists between this guide and the mandatory sections of the current edition of the Form and Style Manual, the Form and Style Manual requirements have precedence. If a conflict exists between this guide and the nonmandatory sections of the current edition of the Form and Style Manual, this guide has precedence.1.5 When patents are involved, the specifications writer should refer to the Form and Style Manual section on patents and trademarks. Also, refer to part F of the Form and Style Manual for trademark information and the safety hazards caveat.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate (ASA) and acrylonitrile-EPDM-styrene (AES) plastics and alloys suitable for injection molding and extrusion. ASA and AES materials, and ASA and AES alloys are classified into groups according to their composition. These groups are subdivided into classes and grades: class 0, 1, 2, and 3; grade 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. The tensile stresses at yield, modulus of elasticity in tension, charpy impact strength, vicat softening temperature, and melt volume-flow rate shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.1.1 This classification system covers ASA and AES materials, and ASA and AES alloys suitable for injection molding and extrusion. This classification system does not cover recycled ASA and AES materials, and recycled ASA and AES alloys.1.2 The properties included in this standard are those required to identify the compositions covered. Other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications are to be specified by using the suffixes as given in Section 5.1.3 This classification system and subsequent line callout (specification) are intended to provide a means of calling out plastic materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection can be made by those having expertise in the plastic field only after careful consideration of the design and the performance required of the part, the environment to which it will be exposed, the fabrication process to be employed, the costs involved, and the inherent properties of the material other than those covered by this standard.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 11, of this classification system: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.NOTE 1: This classification system and ISO 6402 and ISO 19065 address the same subject matter but differ in technical content.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers the standard for front wheel retention systems for all bicycles equipped with manually operated retention systems such as a quick release. This specification is only for bicycles equipped with manually operated retention systems, and does not apply to tool-operated wheel fastening systems. Primary retention and secondary retention tests shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements.1.1 These test methods and specifications cover the standard for front wheel retention systems for all bicycles equipped with manually operated retention systems such as a quick release.1.2 This specification is only for bicycles equipped with manually operated retention systems, and does not apply to tool-operated wheel retention systems.1.3 The intent of this specification is to define the performance of primary and secondary wheel retention systems, with the focus on preventing unintended wheel separation and prevention of unintended contact of the retention system with the disc brake rotor or wheel.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 In order to be certain that the end user of analytical results obtained from using an ASTM Committee D19 test method can be confident that the values have been obtained through a competent application of the test method, a demonstration of the proficiency of the analytical system shall be performed. Appropriate proficiency is demonstrated by achievement of performance criteria derived from results of the test method collaborative study. The QC measures specified in this practice shall be included in each ASTM test method, as applicable, to ensure the quality of measurements.5.2 In order for users of D19 test methods to achieve consistently valid results, a minimum level of QC shall be performed. This minimum level of QC is stipulated in this practice and by the task groups developing D19 test methods. If the specific requirements outlined in this practice are not applicable to the test method, alternative QC shall be defined in the test method.1.1 This practice provides specific, mandatory requirements for incorporating quality control (QC) procedures into all test methods under the jurisdiction of Committee D19.1.2 ASTM International has adopted the following:  Policy on implementation of requirements for a quality control section in standard test methods generated by Committee D19 on Water.     GENERAL—By July 29, 1998, or at the next reapproval or revision, whichever is later, every D19 Standard Test Method shall contain a QC section that is in full compliance with the requirements of this practice.         NEW COLLABORATIVE TESTING—As of July 29, 1998, each collaborative study design shall include a QC section as part of the method to be tested. Prior to approval of the study design, the Results Advisor or equivalent shall ascertain the appropriateness of the QC section in meeting the requirements of this practice and Practice D2777, and shall advise the designer of the study of any changes needed to fulfill the requirements of these practices. Before a collaborative study may be conducted, approval of the study design by the Results Advisor or equivalent shall be obtained.         OLDER VALIDATED METHODS—Standard test methods that were validated using Practices D2777 – 77, D2777 – 86, or D2777 – 94, when balloted for reapproval or revision, shall contain a QC section based upon the best information from the historical record. Where appropriate, information derived from the record of the collaborative study shall be utilized for this purpose. The introduction of the QC section into these standard test methods shall not be construed as a requirement for a new collaborative study, though the Subcommittee may opt for such a study. Any information available regarding QC or precision/bias testing shall be included in the appropriate sections of the published test method.  1.3 Required QC sections in all applicable test methods are intended to achieve two goals. First, users of Committee D19 test methods will be able to demonstrate a minimum competency in the performance of these test methods by comparison with collaborative study data. Second, all users of test methods will be required to perform a minimum level of QC as part of proper implementation of these test methods to ensure ongoing competency.1.4 This practice contains the primary requirements for QC of a specific test method. In many cases, it may be desirable to implement additional QC requirements to assure the desired quality of data.1.5 The specific requirements in this practice may not be applicable to all test methods. These requirements may vary depending on the type of test method used as well as the analyte being determined and the sample matrix being analyzed.1.5.1 If there are compelling reasons why any of the specific QC requirements listed in this practice are not applicable to a specific test method, these reasons shall be documented in the QC section of the test method.1.5.2 With the approval of Committee D19 on the recommendation of the D19 Results Advisor or equivalent and the Technical Operations section of the Executive Subcommittee, a statement giving the compelling reasons why compliance with all or specific points of this practice cannot be achieved will meet the requirements of both ASTM and this practice.1.6 This practice is for use with quantitative test methods and may not be applicable to qualitative test methods.1.7 Presently, this practice is applicable primarily to chemical test methods. It is intended that, in future revisions, the practice will be expanded to include other test methods such as microbiological test methods.1.8 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

定价： 3094元 / 折扣价： 2630 元

4.1 Composite materials consist by definition of a reinforcement phase in a matrix phase. In addition, carbon-carbon composites often contain measurable porosity which interacts with the reinforcement and matrix. The composition and structure of the C-C composite are commonly tailored for a specific application with detailed performance requirements. The tailoring involves the selection of the reinforcement fibers (composition, properties, morphology, etc), the matrix (composition, properties, and morphology), the composite structure (component fractions, reinforcement architecture, porosity structure, microstructure, etc.), and the fabrication conditions (forming, assembly, forming, densification, finishing, etc.). The final engineering properties (physical, mechanical, thermal, electrical, etc.) can be tailored across a broad range with major directional anisotropy in the properties.4.2 Specifications for specific C-C composite components covering materials, material processing, and fabrication procedures are developed to provide a basis for fabricating reproducible and reliable structures. Designer/users/producers have to write C-C composite specifications for specific applications with well-defined composition, structure, properties and processing requirements. But with the extensive breadth of selection in composition, structure, and properties in C-C composites, it is virtually impossible to write a "generic" composite specification applicable to any and all C-C composite applications that has the same type of structure and details of the commonly-used specifications for metal alloys. This guide is written to assist the designer/user/producer in developing a comprehensive and detailed material specification for a specific CMC application/component with a particular focus on nuclear applications.4.3 The purpose of this guide is to provide guidance on how to specify the constituents, the structure, the desired engineering properties (physical, chemical, mechanical, durability, etc), methods of testing, manufacturing process requirements, the quality assurance requirements, and traceability for C-C composites for nuclear reactor applications. The resulting specification may be used for the design, production, evaluation, and qualification of C-C composites for structures in nuclear reactors.4.4 The guide is applicable to C-C composites with flat plate, rectangular bar, round rod, and round tube geometries.4.5 This guide may also be applicable to the development of specifications for C-C composites used for other structural applications, discounting the nuclear-specific chemical purity and irradiation behavior requirements.1.1 This document is a guide to preparing material specifications for fiber reinforced carbon-carbon (C-C) composite structures (flat plates, rectangular bars, round rods, and tubes) manufactured specifically for structural components in nuclear reactor core applications. The carbon-carbon composites consist of carbon/graphite fibers (from PAN, pitch, or rayon precursors) in a carbon/graphite matrix produced by liquid infiltration/pyrolysis and/or by chemical vapor infiltration.1.2 This guide provides direction and guidance for the development of a material specification for a specific C-C composite component or product for nuclear reactor applications. The guide considers composite constituents and structure, physical and chemical properties, mechanical properties, thermal properties, performance durability, methods of testing, materials and fabrication processing, and quality assurance. The C-C composite materials considered here would be suitable for nuclear reactor core applications where neutron irradiation-induced damage and dimensional changes are a significant design consideration. (1-4)21.3 The component specification is to be developed by the designer/purchaser/user. The designer/purchaser/user shall define and specify in detail any and all application-specific requirements for necessary design, manufacturing, and performance factors of the ceramic composite component. This guide for material specifications does not directly address component/product-specific issues, such as geometric tolerances, permeability, bonding, sealing, attachment, and system integration.1.4 This guide is specifically focused on C-C composite components and structures with flat panel, solid rectangular bar, solid round rod, or tubular geometries.1.5 This specification may also be applicable to C-C composites used for other structural applications discounting the nuclear-specific chemical purity and irradiation behavior factors.1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers materials made from only virgin ABS polymers and blends of ABS polymers suitable for use in the extrusion of pipe and molding of fittings. ABS polymers and blends of ABS polymers shall be classified according to cell limits: Cell 0; Cell 1; Cell 2; Cell 3; Cell 4; and Cell 5. The ABS material shall be produced by polymerization of the monomers, acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene, or their closely related chemical derivatives, or from a blend of ABS polymers from those monomers. The blend of ABS polymers can be intimately mixed by melt compounding, or it can be a homogeneous physical mixture of discrete ABS polymers. Materials shall be measured using techniques in accordance with the following test methods: impact testing; deflection temperature under load; tensile stress at yield point; modulus of elasticity in tension; and specific gravity.1.1 This classification system covers materials made from only virgin ABS polymers and blends of ABS polymers suitable for use in the extrusion of pipe and molding of fittings.1.2 The requirements of this classification system are applicable only to the ABS polymers and blends of ABS polymers as classified and do not address the requirements of the finished pipe or fittings. The applicable ASTM standard specification for pipe or fittings shall be consulted for their requirements.1.3 This classification system excludes ABS polymers and blends of ABS polymers made from reprocessed, regrind, reclaimed, or recycled materials. ABS rework, generated in-house by the original plastic manufacturer, is allowed to be used by that original manufacturer, provided the ABS product shipped meets the physical and mechanical properties required by its callout in Table 1.1.4 This classification system and subsequent line callout (specification) provides a means for describing ABS materials used in the manufacture of pipe and fittings. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection shall be made by those having expertise in the plastics field after careful consideration of the design and the performance required of the part, the environment to which it will be exposed, the fabrication process to be employed, the inherent properties of the material other than those covered by this classification system, and the economics.1.5 This classification system and subsequent line callout (specification) provides for the classification of ABS polymers and blends of ABS polymers into groups based on five properties: Izod impact strength at room temperature, Izod impact strength at low temperature, deflection temperature under load, tensile stress at yield point, and modulus of elasticity in tension. The properties included are those required to identify the ABS material by the cell classifications.NOTE 1: Other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics of ABS polymers and blends of ABS polymers will be added as test methods become available or the need is identified.NOTE 2: Due to pipe and fitting standards requirements a separate standard is planned for recycled materials.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 13, of this classification system: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 3: This standard and ISO 7245-1984 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车