This specification covers standards for high-strength, low-alloy, hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel sheets and strips cut in lengths or coils for structural and miscellaneous purposes. The material shall come in Types 2 and 4 steels having enhanced atmospheric corrosion resistance. The material shall follow specified carbon, manganese, and sulfur contents. Tension test shall be performed and material shall comply with tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation requirements. Edges and surface finish of the materials shall conform to specifications. Guidelines for retests are also given.1.1 This specification covers high-strength, low-alloy, cold-rolled sheet and strip in cut lengths or coils, hot-rolled sheet and strip steel in cut lengths or coils with ordered thickness less than 0.230 in. [6.0 mm], and hot-rolled sheet coils (not cut lengths) with ordered thickness 0.230 in. [6.0 mm] and thicker, intended for use in structural and miscellaneous purposes, where savings in weight or added durability are important. These steels have enhanced atmospheric corrosion resistance and are supplied in three types or as commercial steel (CS). Type 2 contains 0.20 % minimum copper based on cast or heat analysis (0.18 % minimum Cu for product check). Type 4 and Type 5 contain additional alloying elements and provide a level of corrosion resistance substantially better than that of carbon steels with or without copper addition (Note 1). When properly exposed to the atmosphere, Type 4 and Type 5 steels can be used in the bare (unpainted) condition for many applications. CS is intended for applications that require enhanced atmospheric corrosion resistance which do not require a specified strength. CS shall contain the chemical requirements of Type 2, Type 4, or Type 5. CS as contained within this specification is not associated with the requirements of CS that are referenced in other Subcommittee A01.19 on Steel Sheet and Strip specifications.NOTE 1: For methods of establishing the atmospheric corrosion resistance of low-alloy steels, see Guide G101.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 Welding—In general, the steels listed in this specification are weldable with commonly obtained welding electrodes. When the steel is to be welded, a suitable welding procedure based on its composition should be used, taking into account intended use and service temperatures.NOTE 2: For a general discussion of the weldability of steel and carbon equivalents, consult Appendix X3 of A6/A6M.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Atmospheric corrosion of metallic materials is a function of many weather and atmospheric variables. The effect of specific corrodants, such as sulfur dioxide, can accelerate the atmospheric corrosion of metals significantly. It is important to have information available for the level of atmospheric SO2 when many metals are exposed to the atmosphere in order to determine their susceptibility to corrosion damage during their life time in the atmosphere.5.2 Volumetric analysis of atmospheric SO2 concentration carried out on a continuous basis is considered by some investigators as the most reliable method of estimating the effects caused by this gas. However, these methods require sophisticated monitoring devices together with power supplies and other equipment that make them unsuitable for many exposure sites. These methods are beyond the scope of this practice.5.3 The sulfation plate method provides a simple technique to independently monitor the level of SO2 in the atmosphere to yield a weighted average result. The lead peroxide cylinder is similar technique that produces comparable results, and the results are more sensitive to low levels of SO2.5.4 Sulfation plate or lead peroxide cylinder results may be used to characterize atmospheric corrosion test sites regarding the effective average level of SO2 in the atmosphere at these locations.5.5 Either sulfation plate or lead peroxide cylinder testing is useful in determining microclimate, seasonal, and long term variations in the effective average level of SO2.5.6 The results of these sulfur dioxide deposition rate tests may be used in correlations of atmospheric corrosion rates with atmospheric data to determine the sensitivity of the corrosion rate to SO2 level.5.7 The sulfur dioxide monitoring methods may also be used with other methods, such as Practice G84 for measuring time of wetness and Test Method G140 for atmospheric chloride deposition, to characterize the atmosphere at sites where buildings or other construction is planned in order to determine the extent of protective measures required for metallic materials.1.1 This practice covers two methods of monitoring atmospheric sulfur dioxide, SO2 deposition rates with specific application for estimating or evaluating atmospheric corrosivity as it applies to metals commonly used in buildings, structures, vehicles and devices used in outdoor locations.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice gives suggested procedures for characterization of atmospheric test sites. It can be useful to researchers, manufacturers, engineering firms, architects, and construction contractors to provide corrosion and environmental data, materials selection information, and a materials storage practice.4.2 This practice does not give specific parameters for classifying the type of test site.1.1 This practice covers procedures for the characterization of atmospheric test sites. Continuous characterization can provide corrosion data, environmental data, or both which will signal changes in corrosivity of the atmospheric environment. This practice can also provide guidance for classification of future test sites.1.2 Two methods are defined in this practice for the characterization of atmospheric test sites. The methods are identified as characterization Methods A and B. The preferred characterization technique would require using both Method A and B for concurrent data collection.1.2.1 Method A is to be used when atmospheric corrosion is monitored on a continuing basis at a test site using specified materials and exposure configurations.1.2.2 Method B is specified when atmospheric factors are monitored on a continuing basis.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

3.1 This practice provides a methodology for measuring the duration of wetness on a sensing element mounted on a surface in a location of interest. Experience has shown that the sensing element reacts to factors that cause wetness in the same manner as the surface on which it is mounted.3.2 Surface moisture plays a critical role in the corrosion of metals and the deterioration of nonmetallics. The deposition of moisture on a surface can be caused by atmospheric or climatic phenomena such as direct precipitation of rain or snow, condensation, the deliquescence (or at least the hygroscopic nature) of corrosion products or salt deposits on the surface, and others. A measure of atmospheric or climatic factors responsible for moisture deposition does not necessarily give an accurate indication of the TOW. For example, the surface temperature of an object may be above or below both the ambient and the dew point temperatures. As a result condensation will occur without an ambient meteorological indication that a surface has been subjected to a condensation cycle.3.3 Structural design factors and orientation can be responsible for temperature differences and the consequent effect on TOW as discussed in 4.2. As a result, some surfaces may be shielded from rain or snow fall; drainage may be facilitated or prevented from given areas, and so forth. Therefore various components of a structure can be expected to perform differently depending on mass, orientation, air flow patterns, and so forth. A knowledge of TOW at different points on large structures can be useful in the interpretation of corrosion or other testing results.3.4 In order to improve comparison of data obtained from test locations separated on a macrogeographical basis, a uniform orientation of sensor elements boldly exposed in the direction of the prevailing wind, at an angle of 30° above the horizontal is recommended. Elevation of the sensor above ground level should be recorded.3.5 Although this method does not develop relationships between TOW and levels of ambient relative humidity (RH), long term studies have been carried out to show that the TOW experienced annually by panels exposed under standard conditions is equivalent to the cumulative time the RH is above a given threshold value.2 This time value varies with location and with other factors. Probability curves have been developed for top and bottom surfaces of a standard panel at one location which show the probable times that a surface will be wet as a percentage of the cumulative time the relative humidity is at specific levels.3 If needed, it should be possible to develop similar relationships to deal with other exposure conditions.1.1 This practice covers a technique for monitoring time-of-wetness (TOW) on surfaces exposed to cyclic atmospheric conditions which produce depositions of moisture.1.2 The practice is also applicable for detecting and monitoring condensation within a wall or roof assembly and in test apparatus.1.3 Exposure site calibration or characterization can be significantly enhanced if TOW is measured for comparison with other sites, particularly if this data is used in conjunction with other site-specific instrumentation techniques.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers standard requirements for electric-fusion-welded steel pipe with filler metal added, for atmospheric and lower temperatures. The steel pipe shall be fabricated from a pressure vessel quality plate of several analysis and strength levels. Several grades and classes of pipe shall be provided. Grade shall designate the type of plate used while class shall designate the type of heat treatment performed during pipe manufacture. Class shall be designated as to whether the weld is radiographically examined, and as to whether the pipe is pressure tested. Steel samples shall undergo tension and transverse guided weld bend tests and conform to the specified mechanical requirements.1.1 This specification2 covers electric-fusion-welded steel pipe with filler metal added, fabricated from pressure vessel quality plate of several analyses and strength levels and suitable for high-pressure service at atmospheric and lower temperatures. Heat treatment may or may not be required to attain the desired properties or to comply with applicable code requirements. Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or examination is desired.1.2 The specification nominally covers pipe 16 in. [400 mm] in outside diameter or larger and of 1/4  in. [6 mm] wall thickness or greater. Pipe having other dimensions may be furnished provided it complies with all other requirements of this specification.1.3 Several grades and classes of pipe are provided.1.3.1 Grade designates the type of plate used as listed in 5.1.1.3.2 Class designates the type of heat treatment performed during manufacture of the pipe, whether the weld is radiographically examined, and whether the pipe has been pressure tested as listed in 1.3.3.1.3.3 Class designations are as follows (Note 1):Class Heat Treatment on Pipe Radiography, see Section Pressure Test, see: 10 none none none11 none 9 none12 none 9 8.313 none none 8.320 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 none none21 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 9 none22 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 9 8.323 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 none 8.330 normalized, see 5.3.2 none none31 normalized, see 5.3.2 9 none32 normalized, see 5.3.2 9 8.333 normalized, see 5.3.2 none 8.340 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 none none41 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 9 none42 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 9 8.343 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 none 8.350 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 none none51 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 9 none52 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 9 8.353 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 none 8.370 quenched and precipitation heat  treated none none71 quenched and precipitation heat  treated 9 none72 quenched and precipitation heat  treated 9 8.373 quenched and precipitation heat  treated none 8.3NOTE 1: Selection of materials should be made with attention to temperature of service. For such guidance, Specification A20/A20M may be consulted.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of this specification is specified in the order.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 These test methods are useful for locating and estimating the size of pressurized gas leaks, either as quality control tests or as field inspection procedures. Also, they are valuable as pretests before other more time consuming and more sensitive leak tests are employed. These test methods are semi-quantitative techniques used to locate leaks but cannot be used to quantify except for approximation. These test methods may be used in an accept-reject test mode.1.1 This practice covers procedures for detecting the sources of gas leaking at the rate of 1 × 10 –5 Pa m3/s (1 × 10–4 standard cm3/s) or greater. The tests may be conducted on any object that can be pressurized with a tracer gas that is detectable by a thermal conductivity detector. The test sensitivity will vary widely depending on the tracer gas used.1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI or std-cc/sec units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents: therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Vapor pressure is an important physical property of volatile liquids.5.2 Vapor pressure is critically important for both automotive and aviation gasolines, affecting starting, warm-up, and tendency to vapor lock with high operating temperatures or high altitudes. Maximum vapor pressure limits for gasoline are legally mandated in some areas as a measure of air pollution control.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of total vapor pressure of petroleum products and liquid fuels using automatic vapor pressure instruments. The test method is suitable for testing samples with boiling points above 0 °C (32 °F) that exert a vapor pressure between 7 kPa and 110 kPa (1.0 psi and 16 psi) at 37.8 °C (100 °F) at a vapor-to-liquid ratio of 4:1. The test method is applicable to gasolines containing oxygenates. No account is made of dissolved water in the sample.NOTE 1: Because the external atmospheric pressure does not influence the resultant vapor pressure, this vapor pressure is an absolute pressure at 37.8 °C (100 °F) in kPa (psi). This vapor pressure differs from the true vapor pressure of the sample due to some small vaporization of the sample and dissolved air into the air of the confined space.1.1.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 0 °C to 1 °C. If a haze is observed in 8.5, it shall be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note 6).1.2 This test method is a modification of Test Method D5191 (Mini Method) in which the test chamber is at atmospheric pressure prior to sample injection.1.3 This test method covers the use of automated vapor pressure instruments that perform measurements on liquid sample sizes in the range from 1 mL to 10 mL.1.4 This test method is suitable for the determination of the dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) of gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends by means of a correlation equation (see 13.2). The calculated DVPE is considered equivalent to the result obtained on the same material when tested by Test Method D4953.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (For specific warning statements, see 7.2 through 7.7.)1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This guide describes quality assurance protocols for the determination of the anions and cations in atmospheric wet deposition which include the minimum recommended requirements for the preparation of calibration standards and suggested procedures for validating laboratory measurement results. Specimens to be used in all tests shall consist of reagent grade chemicals, water, and standard solutions. Common techniques for chemical analysis include automated colorimetry; ion chromatography, flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, electrometry, and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. Analytical precision and bias determinations shall be done for evaluation of the reference materials. Samples for reanalysis may be selected from the evaluation of control charts and the calculation of ion and conductivity percent differences.1.1 This guide describes quality assurance (QA) protocols for the determination of the anions and cations in Atmospheric Wet Deposition (AWD) shown in Table 1.1.2 Included in this guide are minimum recommended requirements for the preparation of calibration standards and suggested procedures for validating laboratory measurement results.1.3 This guide describes minimum requirements for the frequency of analysis of quality assurance samples and recommends procedures for the evaluation of quality assurance data.1.4 The guide's recommendations are based upon expected anion and cation concentrations in AWD (1)2 and Appendix X1.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Guidance is provided on designing model evaluation performance procedures and on the difficulties that arise in statistical evaluation of model performance caused by the stochastic nature of dispersion in the atmosphere. It is recognized there are examples in the literature where, knowingly or unknowingly, models were evaluated on their ability to describe something which they were never intended to characterize. This guide is attempting to heighten awareness, and thereby, to reduce the number of “unknowing” comparisons. A goal of this guide is to stimulate development and testing of evaluation procedures that accommodate the effects of natural variability. A technique is illustrated to provide information from which subsequent evaluation and standardization can be derived.1.1 This guide provides techniques that are useful for the comparison of modeled air concentrations with observed field data. Such comparisons provide a means for assessing a model's performance, for example, bias and precision or uncertainty, relative to other candidate models. Methodologies for such comparisons are yet evolving; hence, modifications will occur in the statistical tests and procedures and data analysis as work progresses in this area. Until the interested parties agree upon standard testing protocols, differences in approach will occur. This guide describes a framework, or philosophical context, within which one determines whether a model's performance is significantly different from other candidate models. It is suggested that the first step should be to determine which model's estimates are closest on average to the observations, and the second step would then test whether the differences seen in the performance of the other models are significantly different from the model chosen in the first step. An example procedure is provided in Appendix X1 to illustrate an existing approach for a particular evaluation goal. This example is not intended to inhibit alternative approaches or techniques that will produce equivalent or superior results. As discussed in Section 6, statistical evaluation of model performance is viewed as part of a larger process that collectively is referred to as model evaluation.1.2 This guide has been designed with flexibility to allow expansion to address various characterizations of atmospheric dispersion, which might involve dose or concentration fluctuations, to allow development of application-specific evaluation schemes, and to allow use of various statistical comparison metrics. No assumptions are made regarding the manner in which the models characterize the dispersion.1.3 The focus of this guide is on end results, that is, the accuracy of model predictions and the discernment of whether differences seen between models are significant, rather than operational details such as the ease of model implementation or the time required for model calculations to be performed.1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This guide cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This guide is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should it be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this guide means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.5 This standard applies to gaussian plume models; it may not be applicable to non-point sources, heavy gas models from evaporation from pool (for example, liquid spills), as well as near-field receptors.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this guide.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车