5.1 This practice is useful for both quality control and research.1.1 This practice covers determination of the color stability of a hydrocarbon resin by exposure to a specific temperature for a defined time period in a forced-draft oven.1.2 Color stability is measured by the change in color of the test resin, measured via the yellowness index color scale, in accordance with Practice E313, or the procedure for Gardner Color, Test Method D6166.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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2.1 The change in resistance with temperature for heating element materials is a major design factor and may influence material selection. The measurement of this change is essential to ensure that heating elements perform as designed. This test method was designed to minimize the effect different manufacturing processes have on resistance change, thereby yielding results that are reproducible.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the change of resistance with temperature of metallic materials for electrical heating, and is applicable over the range of service temperatures.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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The quantity of volatile components in a plasticizer has influence on fuming during processing, and the retention of flexibility and other properties in the end product (see 5.2). This test method may be used to measure the volatile components under closely controlled conditions.Results obtained by this test method are not strictly equivalent to those obtained during processing where conditions of temperature and air flow are quite different.Volatility is dependent upon air flow and temperature. Due to the difficulty of controlling air flow, results may vary widely between ovens. Therefore, control plasticizers shall be run simultaneously when making close comparisons.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative volatility of plasticizers, or volatile contaminants, or both, at elevated temperatures.1.2 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1--There are no ISO standards covering the primary subject of this test method.

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4.1 The color of maleic anhydride can be an indication of the purity of these materials. High colors normally indicate contamination or decomposition. This test method is suitable for setting specifications and for use as an internal quality control tool.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the visual measurement of the color of maleic anhydride melt before and after prolonged heating under specified conditions of time and temperature. Color values are expressed in terms of platinum-cobalt standards.1.2 This test method covers the range 0 to 100 color standard numbers.1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Sections 7, 10.2.1, and 10.4.2.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The CFPP of a fuel is suitable for estimating the lowest temperature at which a fuel will give trouble-free flow in certain fuel systems.5.2 In the case of diesel fuel used in European light duty trucks, the results are usually close to the temperature of failure in service except when the fuel system contains, for example, a paper filter installed in a location exposed to the weather or if the filter plugging temperature is more than 12 °C below the cloud point value in accordance with Test Method D2500, D5771, D5772, or D5773. Domestic heating installations are usually less critical and often operate satisfactorily at temperatures somewhat lower than those indicated by the test results.5.3 The difference in results obtained from the sample as received and after heat treatment at 45 °C for 30 min can be used to investigate complaints of unsatisfactory performance under low temperature conditions.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the cold filter plugging point (CFPP) temperature of diesel and domestic heating fuels using either manual or automated apparatus.NOTE 1: This test method is technically equivalent to test methods IP 309 and EN 116.1.2 The manual apparatus and automated apparatus are both suitable for referee purposes.1.3 This test method is applicable to distillate fuels, including those containing a flow-improving or other additive, intended for use in diesel engines and domestic heating installations.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products in your state or country may be prohibited by law.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 In addition to determining the heating loss (primarily moisture content) of carbon black, these drying conditions are used to prepare samples prior to performing other carbon black tests.4.2 When larger samples are prepared for other tests, use an open vessel of suitable dimensions so that the depth of the black is no more than 10 mm during conditioning.4.3 Carbon black is hygroscopic. The amount of moisture absorbed is related to the surface area of the black and to the relative humidity, ambient temperature, and time to which the material is exposed.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the heating loss of carbon black at 125°C. This heating loss consists primarily of moisture, but other volatile materials may also be lost. These test methods are not applicable to treated carbon blacks that contain added volatile materials, if moisture loss is to be measured.1.2 These test methods may also be used for the determination of the heating loss of recovered carbon fillers (rCF/rCB) at 125°C. However, these materials were not included in the precision studies and therefore, the precision statements contained in this standard may not be valid for these materials.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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2.1 This test method is used by producers of electrical heating alloys to measure the cyclic oxidation resistance of these alloys.2.2 Because of the effect of the environment, design, and use, the life values obtained from this test method may not correlate with that of an appliance or industrial heating unit.1.1 This test method 2 covers the determination of the resistance to oxidation of nickel-chromium and nickel-chromium-iron electrical heating alloys at elevated temperatures under intermittent heating. Procedures for a constant-temperature cycle are provided. This test method is used for internal comparative purposes only.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide information to gypsum product installers for the avoidance of hazards associated with the installation of gypsum products adjacent to, or surrounding, electric heating components and conductors; and to avoid damage to gypsum products when used in conjunction with a concealed radiant heating system.4.2 The information given in this guide is applicable to repair of existing cable heating systems and to new construction of radiant heating systems constructed from flexible radiant heating panels.1.1 This guide2 provides information for trades installing gypsum products in conjunction with a concealed radiant ceiling heating system constructed from thin sheet flexible radiant heating panels, and for the installation of gypsum products after repair of existing concealed radiant ceiling heating systems constructed from heating cable or thin sheet flexible radiant heating panels.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This guide does not purport to address any aspect of concealed radiant heating system design or performance, and is limited to the proper installation of gypsum products specified for use in a concealed radiant ceiling heating system.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification establishes the requirements for ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3 propanediol, and glycerin base heat transfer fluids (HTF) used in heating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. When concentrates are used at up to 65% concentration by weight in water, or when prediluted heat transfer fluids (30% by weight minimum) are used without further dilution, they will function effectively to provide protection against freezing, and corrosion. The HTFs governed by this specification are categorized according to the primary base of freeze depressant used: I (ethylene glycol), II (propylene glycol), III (1,3-propanediol), and IV (glycerin).1.1 This specification covers the requirements for ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3 propanediol as well as glycerin base heat transfer fluids (HTF) used in heating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. When concentrates are used at up to 65 % concentration by weight in water, or when prediluted heat transfer fluids (30 % by weight minimum) are used without further dilution, they will function effectively to provide protection against freezing, and corrosion.1.2 The fluids described in this specification are not appropriate for use in systems where internal combustion engines (gasoline, diesel, or CNG/LPG) are used.1.3 The heat transfer fluids governed by this specification are categorized as follows by the primary base of freeze depressant used:Heat TransferFluid Type DescriptionI   Ethylene glycolII   Propylene glycolIII   1,3-PropanediolIV   Glycerin1.4 Heat transfer fluids meeting this specification shall be tested and fully comply with requirements listed in Table 1.NOTE 1: This specification is based on the knowledge of the performance of heat transfer fluids prepared from new or virgin ingredients. This specification shall also apply to heat transfer fluids prepared using materials generated from recycled or reprocessed ingredients, provided that these ingredients meet the requirements of Specifications E1177 and D7388 for Glycols and Specification D7640 for Glycerin.NOTE 2: This specification addresses concentrated inhibited glycols and glycerol that will be mixed with water for use in various climates and prediluted heat transfer fluids (HTF) that are factory-blended with purified water. A table of estimated freeze protection temperatures at appropriate dilutions is provided in Appendix X1.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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2.1 When symbolic representation is required for an item not covered in this standard, the character of the symbol shall be adequately identified and shall be subject to one interpretation only. If necessary, a note shall be attached to the symbol for further clarity.2.2 Symbolic representation does not require exact or scale layouts of the actual system. Therefore, the symbols may be used in all views of the system layout.1.1 This practice covers symbols used on heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) detailed engineering drawings.1.2 These symbols may be useful on contract and preliminary design drawings.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This practice is intended to serve as a guide to manufacturers, distributors, installers, contractors, regulatory officials, and owners. It is not intended to specify detailed methods of testing, installation, or servicing for the system or any of its components.4.2 This practice sets forth those methods and components necessary for minimum operation and safety. It also suggests methods for improved operation and effectiveness.1.1 This practice provides descriptions of solar domestic water heating systems and sets forth installation and service practices in new and existing one- and two-family dwellings to help ensure adequate operation and safety.2,31.2 This practice applies regardless of the fraction of heating requirement supplied by solar energy, the type of conventional fuel used in conjunction with solar, or the heat transfer fluid (or fluids) used as the energy transport medium. However, where more stringent requirements are recommended by the manufacturer, these manufacturer requirements shall prevail.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Sections 6 and 7.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Damage to a pipe coating is almost unavoidable during transportation and construction. Breaks or holidays in pipe coatings may expose the pipe to possible corrosion since, after a pipe has been installed underground, the surrounding earth will be moisture-bearing and will constitute an effective electrolyte. Applied cathodic protection potentials may cause loosening of the coating, beginning at holiday edges. Spontaneous holidays may also be caused by such potentials. Usually exterior pipeline coatings applied over pipes carrying hot media (oil, gas) are exposed to high temperature inside the pipe and low temperature outside and subjected to temperature gradient. Heat flux is directed from metal (substrate) to the coating. This test method provides accelerated conditions for cathodic disbondment to occur under simulated heating and provides a measure of resistance of coatings to this type of action.4.2 The effects of the test are to be evaluated by physical examinations and monitoring the current drawn by the test specimens. Usually there is no correlation between the two methods of evaluation, but both methods are significant. Physical examination consists of assessing the effective contact of the coating with the metal surface in terms of observed differences in the relative adhesive bond. It is usually found that the cathodically disbonded area propagates from an area where adhesion is zero to an area where adhesion reaches the original level. An intermediate zone of decreased adhesion may also be present.4.3 Assumptions associated with test results include:4.3.1 Maximum adhesion, or bond, is found in the coating that was not immersed in the test liquid, and4.3.2 Decreased adhesion in the immersed test area is the result of cathodic disbondment.4.4 Ability to resist disbondment is a desired quality on a comparative basis, but disbondment in this test method is not necessarily an adverse indication of coating performance. The virtue of this test method is that all dielectric-type coatings now in common use will disbond to some degree, thus providing a means of comparing one coating to another.4.5 The amount of current flowing in the test cell is a relative indicator of the extent of areas requiring protection against corrosion; however, the current density appearing in this test is much greater than that usually required for cathodic protection in natural, inland soil environments.4.6 Test voltages higher than those recommended may result in the formation of chlorine gas. The subsequent chemical effects on the coating could cast doubt on the interpretation of the test results. Filter tube with fritted disc (see Test Method G95) or layer of sand (40 mesh) put on the coated surface may reduce this effect.1.1 This test method describes an accelerated procedure for determining comparative characteristics of coating systems applied to the exterior of steel pipe for the purpose of preventing or mitigating corrosion that may occur in underground or immersion where the pipe is carrying heated media and is under cathodic protection. This test method is intended for use with samples of coated pipe, or with a specimen cut from the section of coated pipe or flat plates and is applicable to such samples when the coating is characterized by function as an electrical barrier.1.2 This test method is intended to simulate conditions when external coatings are exposed to high temperature inside the pipe and to an ambient temperature outside, and thus are subjected to temperature gradient. If elevated temperatures are required but without temperature gradient, see Test Method G42.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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