4.1 This test method is designed as a screening test in the evaluation of coating systems and other materials designed to resist biofouling attachment.4.2 The degree and type of barnacle fouling will vary according to the geographic location of test sites and the time of year when tests are implemented. Surfaces with known barnacle adhesive shear strength should be exposed to provide comparative data.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of barnacle adhesion in shear to surfaces exposed in the marine environment. It is used to establish the ability of a surface to reduce biofouling adhesion. Surfaces with known barnacle adhesion strengths are included to serve as controls.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

AbstractFormerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F16 on Fasteners,this specification was withdrawn in May 2016 and replaced by Specification for High Strength Structural Bolts, Steeland Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, 120 ksi (830 MPa) and 150 ksi (1040MPa) Minimum Tensile Strength, Inch and Metric Dimensions. Specification supersedes and replaces specifications; A325, A325M, A490, A490M, F1852 and F2280. The unified Specification corrects known inconsistencies in the original documents and the combination will assure that requirements of the products covered under the original standards stay aligned. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org,or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’sDocument Summary page on ASTM website.

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5.1 In most cases, because of the complexity of internal stresses and the variety of failure modes that can occur in this specimen, it is not generally possible to relate the short-beam strength to any one material property. However, failures are normally dominated by resin and interlaminar properties, and the test results have been found to be repeatable for a given specimen geometry, material system, and stacking sequence (4).5.2 Short-beam strength determined by this test method can be used for quality control and process specification purposes. It can also be used for comparative testing of composite materials, provided that failures occur consistently in the same mode (5) .5.3 This test method is not limited to specimens within the range specified in Section 8, but is limited to the use of a loading span length-to-specimen thickness ratio of 4.0 and a minimum specimen thickness of 2.0 mm [0.08 in.].1.1 This test method determines the short-beam strength of high-modulus fiber-reinforced composite materials. The specimen is a short beam machined from a curved or a flat laminate up to 6.00 mm [0.25 in.] thick. The beam is loaded in three-point bending.1.2 Application of this test method is limited to continuous- or discontinuous-fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites, for which the elastic properties are balanced and symmetric with respect to the longitudinal axis of the beam.1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.3.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers quenched and tempered high-strength low-alloy structural steel plates for welded, riveted, or bolted construction. It is intended primarily for use in welded bridges and buildings where savings in weight, added durability, and good notch toughness are important. When properly exposed to the atmosphere, this steel can be used bare (unpainted) for many applications. The steel shall conform on heat and product analysis to the chemical composition requirements prescribed for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, copper, and vanadium. Tensile test requirements shall include: yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation. The requirements for manufacturing, heat treatment, and longitudinal Charpy V-notch impact testing are given as well.1.1 This specification covers quenched and tempered high-strength low-alloy structural steel plates for welded, riveted, or bolted construction. It is intended primarily for use in welded bridges and buildings where savings in weight, added durability, and good notch toughness are important. The atmospheric corrosion resistance of this steel in most environments is substantially better than that of carbon structural steels with or without copper addition (see Note 1). When properly exposed to the atmosphere, this steel can be used bare (unpainted) for many applications. Welding technique is of fundamental importance, and it is presupposed that the welding procedure will be suitable for the steel and the intended service. This specification is limited to material up to 4 in. [100 mm], inclusive, in thickness. See Appendix X3 of Specification A 6/A 6M for information on weldability. Note 1—For methods of estimating the atmospheric corrosion resistance of low-alloy steels, see Guide G 101.1.2 Plates produced under this specification are impact tested at a temperature not higher than 50°F [10°C].1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each item are not exact equivalents. Therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this specification.

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5.1 Properties determined by this test method are useful in the evaluation of new fibers at the research and development levels. Fibers with diameters up to 250 × 10–6 m are covered by this test method. Very short fibers (including whiskers) call for specialized test techniques (1)3 and are not covered by this test method. This test method may also be useful in the initial screening of candidate fibers for applications in polymer, metal, or ceramic matrix composites, and for quality control purposes. Because of their nature, ceramic fibers do not have a unique tensile strength, but rather a distribution of tensile strengths. In most cases when the tensile strength of the fibers is controlled by one population of flaws, the distribution of fiber tensile strengths can be described using a two-parameter Weibull distribution, although other distributions have also been suggested (2, 3). This test method constitutes a methodology to obtain the tensile strength of a single fiber. For the purpose of determining the parameters of the distribution of fiber tensile strengths, it is recommended to follow this test method in conjunction with Practice C1239.1.1 This test method covers the preparation, mounting, and testing of single fibers (obtained either from a fiber bundle or a spool) for the determination of tensile strength and Young's modulus at ambient temperature. Advanced ceramic, glass, carbon, and other fibers are covered by this test standard.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 This guide is intended to provide information concerning the ability of formed catalysts or catalyst carriers to resist particle size reduction during use. It can be used by itself or in conjunction with other methods to assess catalytic material integrity, such as Test Methods D4058 and D7084.5.2 There are no known restrictions on sample geometry, as spheres, pellets, and hollow cylinders are suitable for testing.5.3 This guide, as written, is suitable for use for catalytic materials from about 1/8 in. to about 3/4 in. It can also be used for larger parts, but this requires using a larger diameter pipe.5.4 This guide is suitable for specification acceptance, manufacturing control, and research and development processes.1.1 The resistance to breakage of formed catalysts, catalyst carriers, or catalyst pieces is determined by dropping a quantity of sample through a 25 ft length of 1 in. internal diameter pipe onto a steel plate.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers the standard for carbon steel, alloy steel, and martensitic stainless steel castings that are to be subjected to higher mechanical stresses. All castings shall undergo heat treatment either by full annealing, normalizing, normalizing and tempering, or quenching and tempering and shall be regulated under pyrometers. Several grades of steel castings are covered and shall conform to the required chemical composition for sulfur and phosphorus. A tension test shall be performed and shall conform to the required tensile strength, yield point, and elongation. The notch bar impact properties shall also be determined by testing one set of three Charpy V-notch impact specimens. 1.1 This specification covers carbon steel, alloy steel, and martensitic stainless steel castings that are to be subjected to higher mechanical stresses than those covered in Specification A27/A27M. 1.2 Several grades of steel castings are covered, having the chemical composition and mechanical properties prescribed in Tables 1 and 2. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. 1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This test method can be used in measuring the effectiveness of latex systems in bonding fresh concrete to hardened concrete.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bond strength of latex bonding systems for use with portland-cement concrete. This test method covers bonding hardened mortar specimens to freshly mixed mortar specimens.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 This procedure facilitates the comparison of different types or grades of asbestos based on their contribution to the flexural modulus of rupture; that is, the reinforcing value, which is considered the most pertinent property for the manufacture of asbestos-cement products.5.2 This test method is primarily intended for fiber grades used normally in asbestos-cement products (Group 6 to Group 4 fibers). Longer fibers (Group 3) or shorter fibers (Group 7) may present difficulties during the preparation of the filter cake because of poor dispersion and uneven settling.61.1 This test method covers the measurement, on a laboratory scale, of the contribution of asbestos fibers to the strength of asbestos-cement products. The results obtained are used in the primary assessment of different fiber grades prior to their application on a larger scale.1.2 This test method covers the determination of the modulus of rupture (MR), adjusted to a dry density of 1.60 Mg/m3 (MR A), of asbestos-cement test specimens that contain the asbestos fiber to be evaluated at a concentration of 10 mass %, whereby the degree of fiberization of that fiber is specified in terms of specific surface area as determined by Test Method D2752. The relative reinforcing value of the fiber under test is established by comparison with MRA values obtained with a fiber of known characteristics at a fiber concentration of 10 % and a dry density of 1.60 Mg/m3 (1.60 g/cm3).NOTE 1: The adjusted modulus of rupture (MRA) at any intermediate fiber concentration may be interpolated from results suitably determined over a limited spanning range of fiber concentrations. For example, the MRA at 10 % fiber concentration may be graphically determined from data at 3 and 17 %.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 Warning—Breathing of asbestos dust is hazardous. Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated health risks for users and for those with whom they come into contact. In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-cement products, minimize the dust that results. For information on the safe use of chrysotile asbestos, refer to “Safe Use of Chrysotile: A Manual on Preventive and Control Measures.”21.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Tinting strength is one of the most important properties of a white pigment. This test method provides a means of testing this property for quality control.4.2 This test method is a referee method, and the vehicle for preparing the dispersion and the black for tinting are suggested, but others may be used provided both the purchaser and the seller agree to the changes.4.3 The results obtained with a muller do not necessarily agree with industrial situations where different dispersing conditions exist. However, dispersing with a muller is a fast, relatively inexpensive way of testing tinting strength for routine quality control.1.1 This test method describes the procedure for determining the relative tinting strength of white pigments by reflectance measurements of black tints.1.2 This test method is applicable only for comparing the test pigment with a reference standard of the same type and grade.NOTE 1: Test Method D332 describes a procedure for visual assessment of blue-tinted samples.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 The compressive strength or crush-extrusion resistance of a gasket material is a major factor with regard to the selection of a given material for use in a particular sealing application. The significance of the test method is based, in part, on the assumption that a material, once it has been crushed or extruded, will no longer function as effectively as a seal. This assumption can only be used as a guide, however, since exact yield or failure points are difficult to define for gasket materials (which are usually viscoelastic in nature). Two or more materials can be compared to determine differences in their resistance to compressive stress. A sample of material can be compared to an established standard or previously determined characteristics on original lots of the same material, for quality assurance purposes. See 6.2 for discussion of specimen area and geometry effects.1.1 This test method covers the determination of compressive strength characteristics (crush-extrusion resistance) of gasket materials at elevated temperature.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 618元 / 折扣价： 526 元 加购物车

5.1 Failure of microelectronic devices is often due to failure of an interconnection bond. A common type of interconnection bond is a wire bond. These methods can assist in maintaining control of the process of making wire bonds. They can be used to distinguish between weak, nonadherent wire bonds and acceptably strong wire bonds. The methods are destructive.5.2 These test methods are appropriate for on-line use for process control, for purchase specifications, and for research in support of improved yield or reliability. The referee method should be used for quantitative comparison of pull strengths of wire bonds.1.1 These test methods cover tests to determine the pull strength of a series of wire bonds. Instructions are provided to modify the methods for use as a referee method. The methods can be used for wire bonds made with wire having a diameter of from 0.0007 to 0.003 in. (18 to 76 μm).NOTE 1: Common usage at the present time considers the term “wire bond” to include the entire interconnection: both welds and the intervening wire span.1.2 These test methods can be used only when the loop height of the wire bond is large enough to allow a suitable hook for pulling (see Fig. 1) to be placed under the wire.FIG. 1 Suggested Configuration for a Pulling Hook1.3 The precision of these methods has been evaluated for aluminum ultra-sonic wedge bonds; however, these methods can be used for gold and copper wedge or ball bonds.21.4 These methods are destructive. They are appropriate for use in process development or, with a proper sampling plan, for process control or quality assurance.1.5 A nondestructive procedure is described in Practice F458.1.6 The values in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 This test method provides a means of determining whether or not tile of the types indicated in 1.1 can be bonded with adequate strength to portland cement paste. Tile specifications can refer to this test method in order to establish minimum bond strength limits appropriate to the service conditions that are anticipated.5.2 Separation between bond coat and setting bed, or breakage of the setting bed itself shall not be considered failures of tile bond.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ability of ceramic tile, ceramic mosaic tile, quarry tile, porcelain tile, and paver tile to be bonded to portland cement paste. Tiles may be glazed or unglazed. This test method includes both face-mounted and back-mounted tile.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method is used to measure the strength of sintered, including post-treated, specimens. Transverse rupture strength is not a design value. For many sintered materials, transverse rupture strength is approximately twice the ultimate tensile strength.1.1 This test method covers determination of the transverse rupture strength of sintered, including post-treated, powder metallurgy test specimens by subjecting them to a uniformly increasing transverse force under controlled conditions. The term “transverse rupture strength” as used herein, defines the stress, calculated from the flexure formula required to break a specimen as a simple beam supported near the ends and applying the force midway between the fixed line center of the supports.1.2 Limitations—The transverse rupture test is only applicable to relatively brittle materials. In cases where a ductile specimen is being tested and the permanent deflection as a result of testing exceeds 0.02 in. (0.5 mm), the test results may be questionable.1.3 Test Method B406 should be consulted for determining the transverse rupture strength of cemented carbides.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is intended for use as a control and acceptance test for direct-voltage applications. It can also be used in the partial evaluation of material for specific end uses and as a means for detecting changes in material due to specific deteriorating causes.5.2 Experience indicates that the breakdown value obtained with direct voltage usually will be approximately 2 to 4 times the rms value of the 60-Hz alternating-voltage breakdown.5.3 For a nonhomogeneous test specimen, the distribution of voltage stress within the specimen is determined by impedance (largely capacitive) with alternating voltage. With an increasing direct voltage, the voltage distribution will still be largely capacitive, although this depends partly on the rate of voltage increase. After steady application of direct voltage the voltage division across the test specimen is determined by resistance. The choice of direct or alternating voltage depends upon the purpose for which the breakdown test is to be used, and to some extent, on the intended application of the material.5.4 A more complete discussion of the significance of dielectric breakdown tests is given in Appendix X1 of this method and in Appendix X1 of Test Method D149. Those appendix sections of Test Method D149 that refer to alternating voltage are not applicable to the direct-voltage method.1.1 This test method covers the determination of dielectric breakdown voltage and dielectric strength of solid electrical insulating materials under direct-voltage stress.1.2 Since some materials require special treatment, reference shall also be made to ASTM specifications or to the test method directly applicable to the material to be tested. See Test Method D149 for the determination of dielectric strength of electrical insulating materials at commercial power frequencies.1.3 This test method is similar to IEC Publication 243-2. All procedures in this test method are included in IEC 243-2. Differences between this test method and IEC 243-2 are largely editorial.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precaution statements are given in Section 7.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 702元 / 折扣价： 597 元 加购物车