4.1 The force required to separate a metallic coating from its plastic substrate is determined by the interaction of several factors: the generic type and quality of the plastic molding compound, the molding process, the process used to prepare the substrate for electroplating, and the thickness and mechanical properties of the metallic coating. By holding all others constant, the effect on the peel strength by a change in any one of the above listed factors may be noted. Routine use of the test in a production operation can detect changes in any of the above listed factors.4.2 The peel test values do not directly correlate to the adhesion of metallic coatings on the actual product.4.3 When the peel test is used to monitor the coating process, a large number of plaques should be molded at one time from a same batch of molding compound used in the production moldings to minimize the effects on the measurements of variations in the plastic and the molding process.1.1 This test method gives two procedures for measuring the force required to peel a metallic coating from a plastic substrate.2 One procedure (Procedure A) utilizes a universal testing machine and yields reproducible measurements that can be used in research and development, in quality control and product acceptance, in the description of material and process characteristics, and in communications. The other procedure (Procedure B) utilizes an indicating force instrument that is less accurate and that is sensitive to operator technique. It is suitable for process control use.1.2 The tests are performed on standard molded plaques. This method does not cover the testing of production electroplated parts.1.3 The tests do not necessarily measure the adhesion of a metallic coating to a plastic substrate because in properly prepared test specimens, separation usually occurs in the plastic just beneath the coating-substrate interface rather than at the interface. It does, however, reflect the degree that the process is controlled.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method provides information that can be used in material specifications for product design and quality assurance applications. It can be used in comparing different products.5.2 The use of this test method must be related to the purpose for which the test is performed. One purpose is for determining the relative strength of the tape in the size in which it is purchased or used. Another purpose is to identify or characterize a particular backing material.5.2.1 The test may be performed on the tape as-received, that is, without cutting the material to a specimen width less than the as-received width. Usually tapes wider than 48 mm [2 in.] are not tested due principally to the limitations of equipment. Tapes as narrow as approximately 3 mm [0.125 in.] can be tested.5.2.2 The test may be performed on a specimen cut from within the sample material boundaries using a sharp razor cutter, such as that defined in Section 6. This method is usually used for material characterization, determining quality of conformance, and for specification compliance.5.3 Stretch characteristics of elongation at break or force to a specified elongation can be related to the tape's intended use or for identifying or characterizing a material.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of tensile strength at break (breaking strength) and stretch properties (elongation) for pressure-sensitive tapes and labels. It includes procedures for machine direction and cross direction, for high-strength filament reinforced backings and for high stretch backings. It also includes a procedure for obtaining force (“F” value) in conjunction with a specified elongation. These procedures employ a constant-rate-of-extension (CRE)-type testing machine.1.2 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; conversions between measurement systems must be conducted carefully.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers the general requirements for carbon, structural, and high-strength, low alloy steel sheets in coils and cut lengths. The steel sheets shall be manufactured by hot-rolling, cold-rolling or temper rolling. Cold-rolled sheets shall undergo annealing after being cold reduced to thickness. Products shall undergo cast or heat analysis, product, check, or verification analysis, and sampling. Product analyses shall be performed wherein specimens shall conform to required chemical composition of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, copper, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, columbium, niobium, titanium, aluminum, and nitrogen. Mechanical properties of the materials shall conform to the following properties: tensile strength, yield strength, and bending strength. Thickness, length, width and flatness tolerances and allowances for cold-rolled and hot-rolled sheets are indicated. Steel may be produced as ingot-cast or strand-cast.1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for steel sheet in coils and cut lengths. It applies to the following specifications that describe carbon steel, structural steel, and high-strength, low-alloy steel (HSLA) furnished as hot-rolled sheet and cold-rolled sheet: Specifications A414/A414M, A424/A424M, A606/A606M, A659/A659M, A794/A794M, A1008/A1008M, A1011/A1011M, and A1039/A1039M.1.2 This specification is not applicable to hot-rolled heavy-thickness carbon sheet coils (Specification A635/A635M).1.3 In case of any conflict in requirements, the requirements of the individual material specification shall prevail over those of this general specification.1.4 For the purposes of determining conformance with this and the appropriate product specification referenced in 1.1, measured values, calculated values, or observed values shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the right hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting values in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.1.4.1 Ordered values, identified in tables, specified such as over 30 through 48 or 30 exclusive to 48 inclusive, covers all ordered values specified as 30.1, 30.01, 30.001, etc., up to and including 48.000 etc., but does not cover ordered values specified as 30.000 etc., or less, nor does it cover ordered values specified as 48.1, 48.01, 48.001, etc.1.5 Annex A1 lists permissible variations in dimensions and mass (see Note 1) in SI [metric] units. The values listed are not exact conversions of the values listed in the inch-pound tables, but instead are rounded or rationalized values. Conformance to Annex A1 is mandatory when the “M” specification is used.NOTE 1: The term weight is used when inch-pound units are the standard. However, under SI the preferred term is mass.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.7 This specification and the applicable material specifications are expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 1011元 / 折扣价： 860 元 加购物车

4.1 Mass strength gives an indication of the flowability in bulk handling. It is affected by pellet properties such as hardness, size, shape, and especially fines content. Due to the influence of other variables, the user and the producer must determine an acceptable mass strength level.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mass strength of pelleted carbon black. It is designed to determine the force required to pack a cylindrical column of pelleted carbon black. The results of this test are believed to relate to the ability of the carbon black to flow in bulk handling systems.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements, and associated test methods for straight and bent, headed and headless anchor bolts (also known as anchor rods) made of carbon, carbon boron, alloy, or high-strength low-alloy steel and having specified yield strengths. The anchor bolts are furnished in three strength grades, two thread classes, and various sizes, and are intended for anchoring structural supports to concrete foundations such as building columns, column supports for highway signs, street lighting and traffic signals, steel bearing plates, and similar applications. This specification, however, does not cover the requirements for mechanical expansion anchors, powder-activated nails or studs, and anchor bolts fabricated from deformed bars. The bolts shall adhere to specified elemental chemical compositions as examined by heat and product analysis. They shall also be tested for their conformance with mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction of area, and stress area. The anchor bolts shall also meet specified values for nominal size, body diameter, bend section, length, bend angle, and coated length.1.1 This specification covers straight, bent, headed, and headless anchor bolts (also known as anchor rods) made of carbon, medium carbon boron, alloy, or high-strength low-alloy steel. It provides for anchor bolts in three strength grades, two thread classes, and in the diameters specified in Section 4. The specification also covers all-thread rod for use in anchoring to concrete. References to anchor bolts in this standard do not necessarily exclude all-thread rod.1.2 Anchor bolts are intended for anchoring structural supports to concrete foundations. Such structural supports include building columns, column supports for highway signs, street lighting and traffic signals, steel bearing plates, and similar applications.1.3 Supplementary requirements are included to provide for Grade 55 weldable steel, permanent manufacturers and grade identification, and impact properties for Grades 55 and 105.1.4 Zinc coating requirements are in Section 7.1.5 Suitable nuts and washers are listed in 6.7. Washers are detailed in 6.8.1.6 This specification does not cover mechanical expansion anchors, powder-activated nails or studs, or anchor bolts fabricated from deformed bar.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method is used to determine the flexural strength of specimens prepared and cured in accordance with Test Methods C42/C42M or Practices C31/C31M or C192/C192M. Results are calculated and reported as the modulus of rupture. For the same specimen size, the strength determined will vary if there are differences in specimen preparation, curing procedure, moisture condition at time of testing, and whether the beam was molded or sawed to size.4.2 The measured modulus of rupture generally increases as the specimen size decreases.3,4,54.3 The results of this test method may be used to determine compliance with specifications or as a basis for mixture proportioning, evaluating uniformity of mixing, and checking placement operations by using sawed beams. It is used primarily in testing concrete for the construction of slabs and pavements.4.4 For identical test specimens, the modulus of rupture obtained by this test method will, on average, be lower than that obtained by Test Method C293/C293M.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flexural strength of concrete by the use of a simple beam with third-point loading.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 It is possible for insulating materials used in high-voltage equipment to be subjected to transient voltage stresses, resulting from such causes as nearby lightning strokes. This is particularly true of apparatus such as transformers and switchgear used in electrical-power transmission and distribution systems. The ability of insulating materials to withstand these transient voltages is important in establishing the reliability of apparatus insulated with these materials.5.2 Transient voltages caused by lightning will be of either positive or negative polarity. In a symmetrical field between identical electrodes, the polarity has no effect on the breakdown strength. However, with dissimilar electrodes there can be a pronounced polarity effect. It is common practice when using dissimilar electrodes, to make negative that electrode at which the higher gradient will appear. When asymmetrical electrodes are used for testing materials with which the tester has no previous experience or knowledge, it is recommended that he make comparative tests with positive polarity and negative polarity applied to the higher gradient, or smaller electrode, to determine which polarity produces the lower breakdown voltage.5.3 The standard wave shape is a 1.2 by 50-μs wave, reaching peak voltage in approximately 1.2 μs and decaying to 50 % of peak voltage in approximately 50 μs after the beginning of the wave. This wave is intended to simulate a lightning stroke that strikes a system without causing failure on the system.5.4 For most materials, the impulse dielectric strength will be higher than either its power frequency alternating voltage or its direct voltage dielectric strengths. Because of the short time involved, dielectric heating and other thermal effects are largely eliminated during impulse testing. Thus, the impulse test gives values closer to the intrinsic breakdown strength than do longer time tests. From comparisons of the impulse dielectric strength with the values obtained from longer time tests, it is possible to draw inferences as to the modes of failures under the various tests for a given material. Refer to Appendix X1 of Test Method D149 for further information on this subject.1.1 This test method covers the determination of dielectric strength of solid electrical insulating materials under simulated-lightning impulse conditions.1.2 Procedures are given for tests using standard 1.2 by 50 μs full-wave impulses.1.3 This test method is intended for use in determining the impulse dielectric strength of insulating materials, either using simple electrodes or functional models. It is not intended for use in impulse testing of apparatus.1.4 This test method is similar to IEC Publication 243-3. All procedures in this test method are included in IEC 243-3. Differences between this test method and IEC 243-3 are largely editorial.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precaution statements are given in Section 9.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 Susceptibility to delamination is one of the major design concerns for many advanced laminated composite structures. Complex structural geometries can result in out-of-plane stresses, which may be difficult to analyze. When curved structural details are loaded such that the deformation results in an increase in the radius of curvature, interlaminar tensile stress and delaminations can result. Knowledge of a laminated composite material’s resistance to interlaminar fracture is useful for product development and material selection. Failure criteria and design allowables involving out-of-plane stresses may not be readily available or may be poorly validated, requiring additional experimental data.5.2 This test method can serve the following purposes:5.2.1 To measure a curved-beam strength;5.2.2 To measure an interlaminar strength when using a unidirectional specimen where all fibers are oriented 0° relative to the long straight edges of the specimen;5.2.3 To establish quantitatively the effect of fiber surface treatment, local variations in fiber volume fraction, and processing and environmental variables on the curved beam strength or the interlaminar (through-the-thickness) tensile strength of a particular composite material;5.2.4 To compare quantitatively the relative curved-beam strength or interlaminar tensile strengths of composite materials with different constituents;5.2.5 To compare quantitatively the values of the curved-beam strength or interlaminar tensile strengths obtained from different batches of a specific composite material, for example, to use as a material screening criterion, to use for quality assurance, or to develop a design allowable;5.2.6 To produce out-of-plane structural failure data for structural design and analysis; and5.2.7 To develop failure criteria for predicting failures caused by out-of-plane stresses.1.1 This test method determines the curved beam strength of a continuous fiber-reinforced composite material using a 90° curved beam specimen (Figs. 1 and 2). The curved beam consists of two straight legs connected by a 90° bend with a 6.4 mm [0.25 in.] inner radius. An out-of-plane (through-the-thickness) tensile stress is produced in the curved region of the specimen when force is applied. This test method is limited to use with composites consisting of layers of fabric or layers of unidirectional fibers.FIG. 1 Test Specimen Geometry (SI units)FIG. 2 Test Specimen Geometry (inch-pound)1.2 This test method may also be used to measure the interlaminar tensile strength if a unidirectional specimen is used where the fibers run continuously along the legs and around the bend.1.3 This test method is limited to use with composites consisting of layers of fabric or layers of unidirectional fibers.1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

A2.4 A2.4.1 This test method describes the testing procedure that shall be used to qualify material for use in ASTM F3043 bolts made of any steel composition permitted by this specification. The test method measures the susceptibility of the material to the influence of an externally applied potential (see A2.7.2.3.2) by testing for the threshold of embrittlement in a salt solution environment.AbstractThis specification establishes the basic requirements for one style of heat treated, alloy steel, tension control bolt-nut-washer assemblies, also known as "sets," having a tensile strength of 200 to 215 ksi. These assemblies are intended for use in structural connections in the following environmental conditions: interiors, normally dry, including interiors where structural steel is embedded in concrete, encased in masonry or protected by membrane or noncorrosive contact type fireproofing; and interiors and exteriors, normally dry, under roof, where the installed assemblies are soundly protected by a shop-applied or field-applied coating to the structural steel system.The fastener assemblies are not intended for use in structural connections in the following environments, with or without protection by a shop-applied or field-applied coating to the structural steel system: exteriors not under roof; chemical environments in which strong concentrations of highly corrosive gases, fumes, or chemicals, either in solution or as concentrated liquids or solids, contact the fasteners or their protective coating; heavy industrial environments severe enough to be classified as a chemical environment; condensation and high humidity environments maintaining almost continuous condensation, including submerged in water and soil; and cathodically protected environments, in which current is applied to the structural steel system by the sacrificial anode method or the DC power method. This specification covers materials and manufacture, chemical composition, mechanical property, assembly lot tension test, carburization/decarburization of bolts, and magnetic particle inspection for tension control bolt longitudinal discontinuities and transverse cracks.1.1 This specification covers one style of heat treated, alloy steel, tension control bolt-nut-washer assemblies, also referred to as “sets,” having a tensile strength of 200 to 215 ksi. These assemblies are capable of developing a minimum predetermined tension when installed by applying torque to the nut, while at the same time applying a counter torque to separate the spline end from the body of the bolt using an appropriate spline drive installation tool.1.2 An assembly consists of a tension control bolt with spline end, nut and washer covered by this specification.1.3 The assemblies are available with round heads described in Section 10, in sizes 1 in. to 11/4 in. inclusive.1.4 The fastener assemblies are intended for use in structural connections in the following environmental conditions:1.4.1 Interiors, normally dry, including interiors where structural steel is embedded in concrete, encased in masonry or protected by membrane or noncorrosive contact type fireproofing.1.4.2 Interiors and exteriors, normally dry, under roof, where the installed assemblies are soundly protected by a shop-applied or field-applied coating to the structural steel system.1.5 The fastener assemblies are not intended for use in structural connections in the following environments, with or without protection by a shop-applied or field-applied coating to the structural steel system:1.5.1 Exteriors not under roof.1.5.2 Chemical environments in which strong concentrations of highly corrosive gases, fumes, or chemicals, either in solution or as concentrated liquids or solids, contact the fasteners or their protective coating.1.5.3 Heavy industrial environments severe enough to be classified as a chemical environment as described in 1.5.2.1.5.4 Condensation and high humidity environments maintaining almost continuous condensation, including submerged in water and soil.1.5.5 Cathodically protected environments, in which current is applied to the structural steel system by the sacrificial anode method or the DC power method.1.6 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portions, Section 13, Section 14 and Annex A2 of this Specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method for the determination of bond strength of bonded, fused, or laminated apparel fabrics, is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of bonded and laminated apparel fabrics.5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing. Randomly assign specimens in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data and a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.1.1 This test method covers procedures for characterizing the bond strength of bonded, fused, and laminated apparel fabrics before or after drycleaning and laundering.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard; the values in parentheses are provided as information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 6.1.1 for a specific warning.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

NOTE 2: Crack growth in adhesive bond specimens can proceed in two ways: (1) by a slow-stable extension where the crack velocity is dictated by the crosshead rate or (2) by a run-arrest extension where the stationary crack abruptly jumps ahead outrunning the crosshead-predicted rate. The first type of crack extension is denoted flat; the second type peaked because of the appearance of the autographic record. The flat behavior is characteristic of adhesives or test temperatures, or both, for these adhesives where there is no difference between initiation, G1c, and arrest, G1a. For example, the rubber modified film adhesives tested above −17.8°C (0°F) all exhibit flat autographic records. Peaked curves are exhibited for all modified materials tested below −73°C (−100°F) and in general for unmodified epoxies.It should be noted that both peaked and flat behaviors are determined from a crack-length-independent specimen. For other specimens or structures where G increases with a at constant load the onset of crack growth would result in rapid complete fracturing whatever the adhesive characteristics.5.1 The property G1c (and G1a if relevant) determined by this test method characterizes the resistance of a material to slow-stable or run-arrest fracturing in a neutral environment in the presence of a sharp crack under severe tensile constraint, such that the state of stress near the crack front approaches tritensile plane strain, and the crack-tip plastic region is small compared with the crack size and specimen dimensions in the constraint direction. It has not been proven that tough adhesive systems fully meet this criteria. Therefore, data developed using equations based on this assumption may not represent plane-strain fracture values. Comparison of fracture toughness between adhesive systems widely different in brittleness or toughness should take this into consideration. In general, systems of similar type toughness (6, 7, 8, 9, 10) can be compared as can the effect of environment on toughness of a single system. A G1c value is believed to represent a lower limiting value of fracture toughness for a given temperature, strain rate, and adhesive condition as defined by manufacturing variables. This value may be used to estimate the relation between failure stress and defect size for a material in service wherein the conditions of high constraint described above would be expected. Background information concerning the basis for development of this test method in terms of linear elastic fracture mechanics may be found in Refs (4) and (8).5.1.1 Cyclic loads can cause crack extension at G1 values less than G1c value. Furthermore, progressive stable crack extension under cyclic or sustained load may be promoted by the presence of certain environments. Therefore, application of G1c in the design of service components should be made with awareness of the G increase for a prior crack which may occur in service due to slow-stable crack-extension.5.2 This test method can serve the following purposes:5.2.1 In research and development to establish, in quantitative terms, significant to service performance, the effects of adhesive composition, primers, adherend surface treatments, supporting adhesive carriers (scrim), processing variables, and environmental effects.5.2.2 In service evaluation to establish the suitability of an adhesive system for a specific application for which the stress conditions are prescribed and for which maximum flaw sizes can be established with confidence.5.2.3 For specifications of acceptance and manufacturing quality control, but only when there is a sound basis for specification of minimum G1c values. The specification of G1c values in relation to a particular application should signify that a fracture control study has been conducted on the component in relation to the expected history of loading and environment, and in relation to the sensitivity and reliability of the crack detection procedures that are to be applied prior to service and subsequently during the anticipated life.1.1 This test method (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)2 covers the determination of fracture strength in cleavage of adhesives when tested on standard specimens and under specified conditions of preparation and testing (Note 1).1.2 This test method is useful in that it can be used to develop design parameters for bonded assemblies.NOTE 1: While this test method is intended for use in metal-to-metal applications it may be used for measuring fracture properties of adhesives using plastic adherends, provided consideration is given to the thickness and rigidity of the plastic adherends.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers standard requirements for cold-formed welded and seamless high-strength, low-alloy round, square, rectangular, or special shaped structural tubing for welded, riveted, or bolted construction of bridges and buildings and for general structural purposes where high strength and enhanced atmospheric corrosion resistance are required. Round and shaped tubing shall meet the required tensile properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation. Heat and product analysis shall be performed wherein steel materials shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulphur, and copper. Outside dimension tolerances for square and rectangular tubing shall not exceed the specified plus and minus tolerances. Length tolerance for structural tubing shall be in accordance with the specified values. Twist tolerances for square and rectangular structural tubing shall be indicated.1.1 This specification covers cold-formed welded and seamless high-strength, low-alloy round, square, rectangular, or special tubular shapes for welded, riveted, or bolted construction of bridges and buildings and for general structural purposes where high strength and enhanced atmospheric corrosion resistance are required (Note 1). The atmospheric corrosion resistance of this steel in most environments is substantially better than carbon steel with or without copper addition (Note 2). When properly exposed to the atmosphere, this steel can be used bare (unpainted) for many applications. When this steel is used in welded construction, the welding procedure shall be suitable for the steel and the intended service.1.2 This tubing is produced in welded sizes with a maximum periphery of 88 in. [2235 mm] and a maximum wall of 1 in. [25.4 mm], and in seamless with a maximum periphery of 32 in. [813 mm] and a maximum wall of 0.500 in. [12.7 mm]. Tubing having other dimensions may be furnished provided such tubing complies with all other requirements of this specification.NOTE 1: Products manufactured to this specification may not be suitable for those applications where low temperature notch toughness properties may be important, such as dynamically loaded elements in welded structures, unless ordered with toughness tests. See the Supplementary Requirements.NOTE 2: For methods of estimating the atmospheric corrosion resistance of low alloy steels, see Guide G101 or actual data.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 By the nature of the way adhesives are used in two-ply wood construction, shear strength is an important performance criteria.4.2 Shear strength measured by this test method is suitable for use in adhesive development, manufacturing quality control, and in materials-performance specifications.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative shear strengths of adhesives when tested on a standard specimen and under specified conditions of preparation, conditioning, and testing. This test method is intended to be applied only to adhesives used in bonding wood to wood.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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定价： 156元 / 折扣价： 133 元 加购物车

5.1 Continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites can be candidate materials for structural applications requiring high degrees of wear and corrosion resistance, and damage tolerance at high temperatures.5.2 Shear tests provide information on the strength and deformation of materials under shear stresses.5.3 This test method may be used for material development, material comparison, quality assurance, characterization, and design data generation.5.4 For quality control purposes, results derived from standardized shear test specimens may be considered indicative of the response of the material from which they were taken for given primary processing conditions and post-processing heat treatments.1.1 This test method covers the determination of shear strength of continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites (CFCCs) at ambient temperature. The test methods addressed are (1) the compression of a double-notched test specimen to determine interlaminar shear strength, and (2) the Iosipescu test method to determine the shear strength in any one of the material planes of laminated composites. Test specimen fabrication methods, testing modes (load or displacement control), testing rates (load rate or displacement rate), data collection, and reporting procedures are addressed.1.2 This test method is used for testing advanced ceramic or glass matrix composites with continuous fiber reinforcement having unidirectional (1D) or bidirectional (2D) fiber architecture. This test method does not address composites with 3D fiber architecture or discontinuous fiber-reinforced, whisker-reinforced, or particulate-reinforced ceramics.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard and are in accordance with IEEE/ASTM SI 10.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 8.1 and 8.2.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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