5.1 This practice can be used for a range of purposes including incident replication, development of improved arc rated protective products, and the determination of the response characteristics and design integrity of new or used arc rated finished products intended for use as protection for workers exposed to electric arcs.5.1.1 In-service garments can have very different wash and wear histories. Caution must be used when applying test results from a particular used garment. Factors to consider include the garments’ wear histories, work environments, and tasks for which the garments were worn; the methods and facilities for garment maintenance; the number of launderings or processings the garments have been subjected to; and other factors that could impact the protective performance of different garments. Test results from specific used garments should be considered only an approximation of results that might be obtained from other used garments of the same type.5.1.2 When using the practice for evaluating flame resistance, great care should be taken since ignition by electric arc is a statistical phenomenon. An exposure of 20 cal/cm2 has been consistently shown to evaluate most ignitable materials but some may require higher energy to reach the breakopen point of the fabric depending on coatings or specific fiber types. Consider using a vertical flame test such as Test Method D6413 to evaluate for ignition and use this practice for illustration.5.2 This practice maintains the specimen in a static, vertical position and does not involve movement except that resulting from the exposure.1.1 This practice identifies protocols for use in conducting arc testing on finished products intended for use as thermal protection by workers who may be exposed to electric arc hazards.1.1.1 The practice is also used for other components which can be exposed to electric arc, but which do not require an arc rating.1.1.1.1 If items are tested and they do not meet the appropriate standard, it is the responsibility of the specimen submitter to provide this information for indication in the test report.1.2 Arc Rated protective items are typically tested using this practice to evaluate the performance of the interface area between the product and the other arc flash PPE or to evaluate zippers and other findings.1.3 This practice does not establish an arc rating for any product. Other ASTM test methods are to be used when applicable such as ASTM F1959/F1959M, F2178, and F2675.1.4 This practice is not intended to produce an arc rating and does not replicate in all types of arc exposures.1.5 This practice is used with the following standards:1.5.1 Protective fabric materials receive arc ratings from Test Method F1959/F1959M.1.5.2 Face protective products receive arc ratings from Test Method F2178.1.5.3 Gloves receive arc ratings from Test Method F2675.1.5.4 Rainwear materials, findings and closures are specified by Specification F1891.1.5.5 Garments are specified by Specification F1506.1.6 The test specimens used in this practice are typically in the form of arc-rated finished products. These arc-rated finished products may include, but are not limited to, single layer garments, multi-layer garments or ensembles, cooling vests, gloves, sleeves, chaps, rainwear, balaclavas, faceshields, and hood assemblies with hood shield windows. Non-arc rated finished products may be included when part of a flame-resistant system, or for evaluating heat transmission through the finished product for incident reenactment, or for evaluation of products needed but not available as arc rated (such as respirators, etc.)1.7 The arc rated finished product specimens are new products as sold or products which have been used for the intended purpose for a designated time.1.8 This practice is used to determine the response characteristics or design integrity of arc-rated materials, products, or assemblies in the form of finished products when exposed to radiant and convective energy generated by an electric arc under controlled laboratory conditions.1.9 This practice can be used to determine the integrity of closures and seams in arc exposures, the protective performance of arc-rated products in areas where garment overlap occurs or where heraldry reflective trim or other items are used, and response characteristics such as afterflame time, melting, dripping, deformation, shrinkage, ignition, or other damage, or combination thereof, of fabrics, systems of fabrics, flammable undergarments when included as part of a system, sewing thread, findings, and closures.1.10 This practice can be used for incident reenactment, training demonstrations, and material/design comparisons.1.11 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.12 This standard shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire assessment, which takes into account all of the factors, which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.1.13 This standard does not purport to describe or appraise the effect of the electric arc fragmentation explosion and subsequent molten metal splatter, which involves the pressure wave containing molten metals and possible fragments of other materials except to the extent that evidence of projectile damage is assessed and reported.1.14 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautions, see Section 7.1.15 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 These practices and criteria were developed for occupational exposures during construction and demolition activities. They are intended to (1) protect against clinically significant disease from exposure to respirable crystalline silica, (2) be measurable by techniques that are valid, reproducible, and readily available, and (3) be attainable with existing technology and protective practices.1.1 This practice describes several actions to reduce the risk of harmful occupational exposures in environments containing respirable crystalline silica. This practice is intended for the unique conditions during construction and demolition activities.1.2 Health requirements relating to occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica not covered in this practice fall under the jurisdiction of Practice E1132.1.3 Nothing in this practice shall be interpreted as requiring any action that violates any statute or requirement of any federal, state, or other regulatory agency.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The ability of a plastic material to resist deterioration of its electrical, mechanical, and optical properties caused by exposure to light, heat, and water can be very significant for many applications. This practice is intended to induce property changes associated with end-use conditions, including the effects of daylight, moisture, and heat. The exposure used in this practice is not intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena, such as, atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure.4.2 Caution—Variations in results are possible when operating conditions are varied within the accepted limits of this practice. Therefore, all references to the use of this practice must be accompanied by a report prepared in accordance with Section 9 that describes the specific operating conditions used. Refer to Practice G151 for detailed information on the caveats applicable to use of results obtained in accordance with this practice.NOTE 2: Additional information on sources of variability and on strategies for addressing variability in the design, execution, and data analysis of laboratory-accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G141.4.3 Reproducibility of test results between laboratories has been shown to be good when the stability of materials is evaluated in terms of performance ranking compared to other materials or to a control.6,7 Therefore, exposure of a similar material of known performance (a control) at the same time as the test materials is strongly recommended. It is preferable that the number of specimens of the control material be the same as that used for test materials. It is recommended that at least three replicates of each material be exposed to allow for statistical evaluation of results.4.4 Test results will depend upon the care that is taken to operate the equipment in accordance with Practice G155. Significant factors include regulation of line voltage, freedom from salts or other deposits from water, temperature and humidity control, and condition and age of the lamp and filters.1.1 This practice covers specific procedures and test conditions that are applicable for xenon-arc exposure of plastics conducted in accordance with Practices G151 and G155. This practice also covers the preparation of test specimens, the test conditions best suited for plastics, and the evaluation of test results.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: This practice and ISO 4892-2 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The exposure-chamber method is a quantitative procedure for determining the microbial-barrier properties of porous materials under the conditions specified by the test. Data obtained from this test is useful in assessing the relative potential of a particular porous material in contributing to the loss of sterility to the contents of the package versus another porous material. This test method is not intended to predict the performance of a given material in a specific sterile-packaging application. The maintenance of sterility in a particular packaging application will depend on a number of factors, including, but not limited to the following:5.1.1 The bacterial challenge (number and kinds of microorganisms) that the package will encounter in its distribution and use. This may be influenced by factors such as shipping methods, expected shelf life, geographic location, and storage conditions.5.1.2 The package design, including factors such as adhesion between materials, the presence or absence of secondary and tertiary packaging, and the nature of the device within the package.5.1.3 The rate and volume exchange of air that the porous package encounters during its distribution and shelf life. This can be influenced by factors including the free-air volume within the package and pressure changes occurring as a result of transportation, manipulation, weather, or mechanical influences (such as room door closures and HVAC systems).5.1.4 The microstructure of a porous material which influences the relative ability to adsorb or entrap microorganisms, or both, under different air-flow conditions.1.1 This test method is used to determine the passage of airborne bacteria through porous materials intended for use in packaging sterile medical devices. This test method is designed to test materials under conditions that result in the detectable passage of bacterial spores through the test material.1.1.1 A round-robin study was conducted with eleven laboratories participating. Each laboratory tested duplicate samples of six commercially available porous materials to determine the Log Reduction Value (LRV) (see calculation in Section 12). Materials tested under the standard conditions described in this test method returned average values that range from LRV 1.7 to 4.3.1.1.2 Results of this round-robin study indicate that caution should be used when comparing test data and ranking materials, especially when a small number of sample replicates are used. In addition, further collaborative work (such as described in Practice E691) should be conducted before this test method would be considered adequate for purposes of setting performance standards.1.2 This test method requires manipulation of microorganisms and should be performed only by trained personnel. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services publication Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (CDC/NIH-HHS Publication No. 84-8395) should be consulted for guidance.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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2.1 Weight loss represents the amount of combustibles and volatiles of the material at various temperatures between 315°C (600°F) and 815°C (1499°F). This procedure should not be used to determine percent of binder content.1.1 This test method covers the determination of gasket material weight loss upon exposure to elevated temperatures.1.2 This test method may include hazardous materials, operations, and equipment.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This method is intended to induce property changes associated with end-use conditions, including the effects of solar radiation, moisture, and heat. The exposure used is not intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena such as atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure.5.2 The relation between time to failure in an exposure conducted in accordance with this test method and service life in a specific outdoor environment requires determination of an acceleration factor, as defined in Terminology G113. The acceleration factor is material dependent and is only valid if it is based on data from a sufficient number of separate exterior and laboratory-accelerated exposures so that the results used to relate times to failure in each exposure can be analyzed using statistical methods.NOTE 1: An example of a statistical analysis using multiple laboratory and exterior exposures to calculate an acceleration factor is described by J. A. Simms.4 See Practice G151 for more information and additional cautions about the use of acceleration factors.5.2.1 The deterioration curve obtained from the results of this test method enables the user to determine the tendency of a geotextile to deteriorate when exposed to xenon arc radiation, water, and heat.5.3 Variation in results may be expected when operating conditions are varied within the accepted limits of this test method. Its intended use is as a qualitative assessment of the presence of ultraviolet inhibitors, and comparison of that influence between products. However, no inference to the time of stability should be implied by the test results to the relation between time duration and outdoor exposure.NOTE 2: Information on sources of variability and on strategies for addressing variability in the design, execution, and data analysis of laboratory-accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G141.5.3.1 If it becomes necessary for the purchaser and seller to use this test method for acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any, between the purchaser's and seller's laboratories should be determined. Such comparison is based on specimens randomly drawn from the sample of geotextile being evaluated.5.3.2 In such cases, at a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible, and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing started. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known bias.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the deterioration in tensile strength of geotextiles by exposure to xenon arc radiation, moisture, and heat.1.2 The light and water exposure apparatus employs a xenon arc light source.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This test method provides a quantitative measure of the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion of Al-Mg and Al-Mg-Mn alloys. The nitric acid dissolves a second phase, an aluminum-magnesium intermetallic compound (βAl-Mg), in preference to the solid solution of magnesium in the aluminum matrix. When this compound is precipitated in a relatively continuous network along grain boundaries, the effect of the preferential attack is to corrode around the grains, causing them to fall away from the specimens. Such dropping out of the grains causes relatively large mass losses of the order of 25 mg/cm2 to 75 mg/cm2 (160 mg/in.2 to 480 mg/in.2), whereas, samples of intergranular-resistant materials lose only about 1 mg/cm2 to 15 mg/cm2 (10 mg/in.2 to 100 mg/in.2). When the βAl-Mg compound is randomly distributed, the preferential attack can result in intermediate mass losses. Metallographic examination is required in such cases to establish whether or not the loss in mass is the result of intergranular attack.4.2 The precipitation of the second phase in the grain boundaries also gives rise to intergranular corrosion when the material is exposed to chloride-containing natural environments, such as seacoast atmospheres or sea water. The extent to which the alloy will be susceptible to intergranular corrosion depends upon the degree of precipitate continuity in the grain boundaries. Visible manifestations of the attack may be in various forms such as pitting, exfoliation, or stress-corrosion cracking, depending upon the morphology of the grain structure and the presence of sustained tensile stress.31.1 This test method, also known as the Nitric Acid Mass Loss Test (NAMLT), covers a procedure for constant immersion intergranular corrosion testing of 5XXX series aluminum alloys.1.2 This test method is applicable only to wrought products.1.3 This test method covers type of specimen, specimen preparation, test environment, and method of exposure.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Outdoor exposure tests at one location may not be applicable to a project site at another location. This test method evaluates geotextiles under site-specific atmospheric conditions over an 18-month period. A degradation curve as per 10.8, based on strength, elongation, or modulus, or all of these, may be developed for the geotextile being evaluated.5.2 This test method can be used for comparative testing of the degradation of geotextiles.5.3 This test method is considered to be a performance test and as such the responsibility for its performance rests with the specifying or purchasing agency.NOTE 1: The intent of this procedure is to provide the user of this test method and geotextiles a standard by which to evaluate weathering degradation in terms of site-specific conditions, not in terms of incident radiation and temperature. If desired, the user may want to have the necessary measurement and recording equipment at each site to do this. However, the expense of doing so at each site may be prohibitive. Therefore, this is not a specific requirement of this test method.1.1 This test method covers evaluating the deterioration in tensile strength and strain after outdoor exposure.1.2 The deterioration is assessed as a reduction in strength and strain at failure from the unexposed geotextile.1.3 The specific location of the light and weather exposure is made on the basis of a site-specific decision between the parties involved.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The final appearance of an installed floor depends upon several factors. These include but are not limited to size and squareness in the case of tiles/planks, the quality of joint cut, the quality and preparation of the subfloor and the skill of the installer. Long term appearance of the installed floor is also dependent on but not limited to the ability of the tile/plank to resist shrinkage due to internal stress relief. This test method is used to measure the ability of the floor to retain its original dimensions following exposure to heat, simulating a long service life at reasonable and expected temperatures.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the change in linear dimensions of resilient floor tile/plank products after exposure to heat and reconditioning to ambient temperature.1.2 This test method allows one to also measure curling that can occur after a specimen has been exposed to heat and reconditioned back to ambient temperature.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 These practices and criteria were developed for occupational exposures. They are intended to (1) protect against clinical disease from exposure to respirable crystalline silica, (2) be measurable by techniques that are valid, reproducible, and readily available, and (3) be attainable with existing technology and protective practices.1.1 This practice covers a description of several actions that should be taken to reduce the risk of harmful occupational exposures to humans in environments containing respirable crystalline silica. This practice is intended for, but not limited to, industries regulated by the U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) and the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). A separate practice designed for the unique conditions of the construction industry has been designated Practice E2625.1.2 Nothing in this practice shall be interpreted as requiring any action that violates any statute or requirement of any federal, state, or other regulatory agency.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test procedure is used to simulate the physical and environmental stresses that a coating for exterior transportation applications (for example, automotive) is exposed to in a subtropical climate, such as southern Florida. It has been found that such a subtropical climate causes particularly severe deterioration of such coatings. The long water exposures and wet/dry cycling found in southern Florida are particularly important for this deterioration, in addition to the high dosage of solar radiation (3). This practice was developed to address the deficiencies of historical tests used for transportation coatings, especially automotive coatings (4).NOTE 1: This test procedure was developed through eight years of cooperative testing between automotive and aerospace OEM’s, material suppliers, and test equipment manufacturers. See References for published papers on this research.1.1 This practice specifies the operating procedures for a controlled irradiance xenon arc light and water apparatus. The procedure uses one or more lamp(s) and optical filter(s) to produce irradiance similar to sunlight in the UV and visible range. It also simulates the water absorption and stress cycles experienced by automotive exterior coatings under natural weathering conditions. This practice has also been found applicable to coatings on other transportation vehicles, such as aircraft, trucks and rail cars.1.2 This practice uses a xenon arc light source with specified optical filter(s). The spectral power distribution (SPD) for the lamp and special daylight filter(s) is as specified in Annex A1. The irradiance level used in this practice varies between 0.40 and 0.80 W/(m2·nm) at 340 nm. Water is sprayed on the specimens during portions of several dark steps. The application of water is such that the coatings will absorb and desorb substantial amounts of water during testing. In addition, the cycling between wet/dry and warm/cool will induce mechanical stresses into the materials. These test conditions are designed to simulate the physical and chemical stresses from environments in a subtropical climate, such as southern Florida.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 Materials made from photodegradable plastics are intended to show relatively rapid deterioration of chemical, physical, and mechanical properties when exposed to light, heat, and water after fulfilling their intended purpose. This practice is intended to induce property changes associated with conditions that might be experienced when the material is discarded as litter, including the effects of sunlight, moisture, and heat. The exposure used in this practice is not intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena such as atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and salt water exposure.4.2 Cautions—Variation in results can be expected when operating conditions are varied within the accepted limits of this practice. Therefore, no reference to the use of this practice shall be made unless accompanied by a report prepared in accordance with Section 9 that describes the specific operating conditions used. Refer to Practice G151 for detailed information on the caveats applicable to use of results obtained in accordance with this practice.NOTE 2: Additional information on sources of variability and on strategies for addressing variability in the design, execution and data analysis of laboratory accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G141.4.3 Exposure of a similar material of known performance (a control) at the same time as the test specimens provides a standard for comparative purposes. Use of a control to rank the stability of test materials greatly improves agreement between different laboratories.3,4 It is recommended that at least three replicates of each material evaluated be exposed to allow for statistical evaluation of results.4.4 Test results will depend upon the care that is taken to operate the equipment in accordance with Practice G154. Significant factors include regulation of line voltage, temperature of the room in which the device operates, temperature control, and condition and age of the lamps, if exposure is conducted in a device without irradiance control.1.1 This practice covers the specific procedures applicable for fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) exposure of photodegradable plastics conducted in accordance with Practices G151 and G154. This practice also covers the preparation of test specimens and the evaluation of test results.1.2 Practice D4329 covers fluorescent UV exposures of plastics intended for long term use in outdoor applications.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 A tiered strategy for characterization of nanoparticle properties is necessary to draw meaningful conclusions concerning dose-response relationships observed during inhalation toxicology experiments. This tiered strategy includes characterization of nanoparticles as produced (that is, measured as the bulk material sold by the supplier) and as administered (that is, measured at the point of delivery to a test subject) (Oberdorster et al. (6)).5.2 Test Methods B922 and C1274 and ISO 9277 and ISO 18757 exist for determination of the as produced surface area of bulk metal and metal oxide powders. During the delivery of nanoparticles in inhalation exposure chambers, the material properties may undergo change and therefore have properties that differ from the material as produced. This test method describes the determination of the as administered surface area of airborne metal oxide nanoparticles in inhalation exposure chambers for inhalation toxicology studies.1.1 This test method covers determination of surface area of airborne metal oxide nanoparticles in inhalation exposure chambers for inhalation toxicology studies. Surface area may be measured by gas adsorption methods using adsorbates such as nitrogen, krypton, and argon (Brunauer et al. (1),2 Anderson (2), Gregg and Sing (3)) or by ion attachment and mobility-based methods (Ku and Maynard (4)). This test method is specific to the measurement of surface area by gas adsorption by krypton gas adsorption. The test method permits the use of any modern commercial krypton adsorption instruments but strictly defines the sample collection, outgassing, and analysis procedures for metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. Use of krypton is required due to the low overall surface area of particle-laden samples and the need to accurately measure the background surface area of the filter used for sample collection. Instrument-reported values of surface area based on the multipoint Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) equation (Brunauer et al. (1), Anderson (2), Gregg and Sing (3)) are used to calculate surface area of airborne nanoparticles collected on a filter.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. State all numerical values in terms of SI units unless specific instrumentation software reports surface area using alternate units.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method determines the ignitability of materials in single or multiple layers.5.1.1 Material performance shall be determined from the ignitability of the specimen(s) and shall be reported as a probability of ignition at various incident energy levels.5.1.2 Materials which meet the flame resistance requirements of Specification F1506 do not require testing by this test method unless the mechanism of passing Specification F1506 involves melting and escape from the flame source (for example, coated fabrics, certain rainwear fabrics).5.2 This test method maintains the specimen in a static, vertical position and does not involve movement except that resulting from the exposure.5.3 This test method specifies a standard set of exposure conditions. Different exposure conditions may produce different results. In addition to the standard set of exposure conditions, other conditions representative of the expected hazard may be used.1.1 This test method is used to identify materials that are ignitable and that can continue to burn when exposed to an electric arc, and determines (a) the incident exposure energy that causes ignition, and (b) the probability of ignition.1.2 The specimens tested in this test method are materials fabricated in the form of shirts.1.3 This test method shall be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to convective and radiant energy generated by an electric arc under controlled laboratory conditions.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 This standard shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 For specific precautions, see Section 7.

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5.1 This test method evaluates the edge binding assembly used to determine how well the two external elements along the mattress edge, essentially, the edge tape and FR sewing thread, behave after exposure to an open flame and a hot air oven. These data can be used to confirm that either the mattress or foundation, or both will pass when tested using 16 CFR1633. Evaluation of raw material components is a vital and ongoing part of any manufacturing operation, especially when each item can contribute to the technical performance of the final product.5.2 Inherently flame resistant (FR) sewing thread is used as shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3 to secure and encapsulate the following elements:FIG. 1 Mattress Edge Bound Sample – ProfileFIG. 2 Before Trimming – ProfileFIG. 3 After Trimming – Profile5.2.1 Test method measures the behavior of mattress edge binding tape that joins and closes the assembly of either the mattress or the box spring foundation, or both, and sewing thread during and after exposure to an open flame ignition source.5.2.2 Test method can be used to determine if the encapsulated multilayer assembly of mattress cover, fire barrier, and foam (when used) work together to prevent entry of open flame to mattress interior.5.3 Flame resistance of the components used to close the perimeter of a mattress is an important factor in limiting the potential of a bedding fire by preventing the chance for seam failure.5.4 Data which show a correlation of behavior for both the sewing thread and edge binding tape, when tested as a subassembly according to this test method, and also when tested using a full scale composite mattress burn test, such as 16 CFR 1633, can provide the manufacturer with important information. These data can be valuable when selecting components to be used in the manufacture of its products which are designed to use mattress edge binding and sewing thread.5.5 The level of performance required for these components is (1) that they do not support the afterflame, and (2) that these components demonstrate post flame exposure characteristics which contribute to retaining the structural integrity of the subassembly.5.6 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be sent to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration of known bias.1.1 This test method measures the flammability characteristics of mattress edge bindings and sewing threads during and after exposure to an open flame ignition source.1.1.1 This test method is used to evaluate these components either independently or in combination for use in mattresses designed with a fire barrier fabric.1.1.1.1 The test method is used to evaluate mattress edge binding and sewing thread when the design requires the use of these components.1.1.2 This test method can be used as a screening test method to determine how sewing thread and mattress edge binding component combinations will perform.1.2 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.3 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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