5.1 This guide is intended for use by communities, which may include towns, incorporated cities, counties, or similar entities with the authority to convene and implement resilience planning. The process described in this guide may have applications to a broader set of users, such as those described in Guide E3032.5.2 This guide is intended to be applied at a community or regional geographical and administrative scale. Smaller geographic and administrative scales, such as neighborhood scales, may also use this guide; however, there may be limitations in the range of solutions (see Step 4B) that are available due to statutory, regulatory, financial, or administrative constraints caused by limitations in governance bodies.5.3 This guide provides an analytical framework for establishing desired versus current anticipated performance in terms of time to recovery of function for clusters and infrastructure systems. The output of this analytical framework provides an objective basis for establishing priorities among proposed strategies and solutions to help meet community resilience goals.5.4 The planning and analytical process can be applied to any hazard, though the focus is on natural hazards. Steps 1 and 2 (form a collaborative planning team and understand the situation) do not require the use of hazard information and provide useful information for communities that can be incorporated into a resilience plan. The activities described in Steps 3 and 4 (determine goals and objectives, and develop the plan) require technical information about hazards and an assessment of their impact on community systems.5.5 This guide provides a planning process that emphasizes disaster recovery outcomes. However, all phases of preparedness, including prevention, protection, mitigation, response, and recovery, are important to the successful achievement of disaster recovery objectives. The analytical outputs of this guide should inform all phases of preparedness and provide an objective approach to prioritize pre-event mitigation action.5.6 The steps of this guide, presented in Section 6, are best initiated in the order provided. However, with the exception of the formation of a collaborative planning team in Step 1 and implementation and reporting Steps 5 and 6, it is feasible to complete Steps 2 to 4 in a non-consecutive order. Depending on a community’s specific needs, timeline, resources, or technical capabilities, Steps 2 to 4 may occur in a different order than described in this guide. In Section 6, supplemental information that elaborates on how to implement each step and collaborative planning team flexibilities is provided in a discussion note following each step.NOTE 1: The collaborative planning team provides the foundation for stakeholder engagement and input in subsequent steps, even if later steps are completed in a different order than what is described in this guide. Ideally, each step should be at least initiated to describe how the plan will eventually address all elements of resilience planning.5.7  Resilience plans developed with the support of this guide should be compatible with, inform, and augment other hazard mitigation planning and comprehensive planning processes. It is compatible with the National Preparedness Goal, the National Infrastructure Protection Plan, and the National Disaster Recovery Framework, and should inform and be consistent with other state and local plans and priorities. In practice, this includes general plans, capital improvement programs, hazard mitigation, emergency response, recovery, economic development, and transportation plans.1.1 This guide sets forth a flexible approach for communities to develop customized, comprehensive resilience plans for buildings and infrastructure systems that include input from relevant stakeholders; consider the social, economic, and physical systems of a community; establish community-scale performance goals that encourage recovery-oriented planning; and recommend processes to implement and maintain community resilience plans over time as community priorities evolve and change.1.1.1 The social dimensions of a community should drive the requirements of a community’s resilience plans and the performance of its physical systems, especially during recovery. The identification of social functions is a fundamental element of developing community resilience plans that accurately reflect priorities for recovery after a hazard event.1.2 The guide process steps address how to (1) form collaborative planning teams; (2) evaluate the current condition of social and built dimensions of a community; (3) determine community goals and objectives for built systems and hazards; (4) develop plans that address performance gaps and identify solutions; (5) prepare, review and approve final community resilience plans; and (6) implement and maintain resilience plans.1.3 This guide provides a process that facilitates priority setting and decision making regarding the establishment of community resilience goals and associated solutions. The process provides a framework for community resilience planning needs and is not intended to be prescriptive.1.4 Limitations of Guide—This guide does not advocate or specify any particular analytical methodology for ascertaining the performance of the built environment. This guide also does not directly address the effects of climate change, although the planning process can incorporate such events and impacts. (For additional information on these processes to address climate resilience planning, refer to Guide E3032.) This guide addresses buildings and infrastructure systems and how they support the social dimensions of communities, and considers how the elements of the built environment support social and economic community functions. The application of this guide is intended to support community resilience planning efforts across a community’s interdependent building and infrastructure systems. Applications beyond this scope were not considered in the development of this guide.1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Environmental data are often required for making regulatory and programmatic decisions. These data must be of known quality commensurate with their intended use.5.2 Certain minimal criteria must be met by the field organizations in order to meet the objectives of the water monitoring activities.5.3 This guide defines the criteria for organizations taking water samples and generating environmental data and identifies other activities that may be required based on the DQOs.5.4 This guide emphasizes the importance of communication among those involved in establishing the DQOs, planning, and implementing the sampling and analysis aspects of environmental data generation activities, and assessing data quality.1.1 This guide covers planning and implementation of the sampling aspects of environmental data generation activities. Environmental data generation efforts are comprised of four parts: (1) establishment of data quality objectives (DQOs); (2) design of field sampling and measurement strategies and specification of laboratory analyses and data acceptance criteria; (3) implementation of sampling and analysis strategies; and (4) data quality assessment.1.2 This guide defines the criteria that must be considered to ensure the quality of the field aspects of environmental data and sample generation activities.1.3 DQOs should be adopted prior to the application of this guide. The data generated in accordance with this guide are subject to a final assessment to determine whether the DQOs were met. For example, many screening activities do not require all of the quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) steps found in this guide to generate data adequate to meet the project needs. The extent to which all of the requirements must be met remains a matter of technical judgement as it relates to the established DQOs.1.4 This guide presents extensive management requirements designed to ensure high-quality samples and data. The words “must,” “shall,” “may,” and “should” have been selected carefully to reflect the importance placed on many of the statements made in this guide.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 The success of a sampling event is influenced by adequate planning and preparation. Use of this guide will help the groundwater sampler to methodically execute the planning and preparation.3.2 This guide should be used by a professional or technician that has training or experience in groundwater sampling.1.1 This guide covers planning and preparing for a groundwater sampling event. It includes technical and administrative considerations and procedures. Example checklists are also provided as Appendices.1.2 This guide may not cover every consideration procedure, or both, that is necessary before all groundwater sampling projects. In karst or fractured rock terranes, it may be appropriate to collect groundwater samples from springs (see Guide D5717). This guide focuses on sampling of groundwater from monitoring wells; however, most of the guidance herein can apply to the sampling of springs as well.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This guide is intended to assist the management of the local EMS agencies or organizations in the design, planning, and response of their jurisdiction's resources to multiple casualty incidents (MCIs). This guide does not address all of the necessary planning and response of pre-hospital care agencies to an incident that involves the total destruction of community services and systems. This guide does not address the necessary design, planning, and response to be undertaken by a medical care facility to an internal or external event that necessitates the activation of the facility's disaster plan. This guide provides procedures to coordinate and provide a systematic and standardized response by responsible parties, including the local elected officials, emergency management officials, public safety officials, medical care officials (pre-hospital and hospital), local EMS agencies/organizations and others with objectives and tasks for the pre-hospital management of a significant incident. This guide provides for the establishment of an incident command system with position descriptions that identify mission, functions, and responsibilities of the command structure to be used at a MCI. The incident command functions include but are not limited to staging, logistics, rescue/extrication, triage, treatment, transportation (air, land, and water), communications, and fatality management. This guide provides examples and other management tools that can assist in providing training objectives and decision making models for dispatch, response, triage, treatment, and transportation for local jurisdictions experiencing multiple casualty incidents. PLANNING Top 1.1 This guide covers the planning, needs assessment, training, integration, coordination, mutual aid, implementation, provision of resources, and evaluation of the response of a local emergency medical service (EMS) organization or agency to a multiple patient producing situation that may or may not involve property loss. This guide is limited to the pre-hospital response and mitigation of an incident up to and including the disposition of patients from the incident scene. 1.2 This guide addresses the background on planning, scope, structure, application, federal, state, local, voluntary, and nongovernmental resources and planning efforts involved in developing, implementing, and evaluating an EMS annex, or component, to the local jurisdiction's emergency operations plan (EOP) as defined in the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) publication, Civil Preparedness Guide (CPG) 1–8. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This practice addresses an AMLIS PU and its geospatial data relative to the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA). In general, PUs east of the Mississippi River have historically corresponded to watersheds; PUs west of the Mississippi River have been defined in a number of ways, including quadrangles, grazing districts, townships, counties, or entire WCU. This practice is significant to communities impacted by abandoned mines because it provides for uniformity of geospatial data pertaining to the geographic location and description of AML PUs located throughout the United States. These standards will help ensure uniformity of data contributed by each RA and assist organizations in future efforts to create and utilize geospatial data relative to the reclamation of land and the remediation of watersheds located within the AML PUs across the United States.Qualitative and quantitative AMLIS PU descriptions shall be obtained from state and federal regulatory authorities. Use of this standard will help create consistent maps and increase the awareness of the AML PUs throughout the United States and the status of the current reclamation that occurs within each PU over time. This standard creates well organized and easily accessible AML PU data and relational attributes, and it will lead to better communication between RA and federal offices, the public, industry and environmental groups.As used in this practice, the geospatial data represents an area where coal removal occurred prior to SMCRA and these unreclaimed mining features continue to be present within a defined AMLIS PU, defined as a polygon feature. This practice creates an easier and more efficient way to utilize and share AML PU geospatial data between RAs and communities impacted by abandoned mines.The data set may be served as a layer in The National Map, an online, interactive map service sponsored by a consortium of US federal, state, and local partners and hosted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The National Map provides a consistent framework for high-quality, geospatial data and information from multiple partners to enhance America's ability to access, integrate, and apply current, accurate, and nationally consistent digital data at global, national, and local scales.This standard conforms to the definition of a Data Content Standard as promulgated by the U.S. Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC). Terminology and definitions for identifying geographical features and describing the data model has been adopted from the FGDC Spatial Data Transfer Standard (ANSI INCITS 320-1998 (R2003)) and the FGDC Framework Data Content Standard (FGDC Project 1574-D) Information Technology – Part 5 Governmental unit and other geographic area boundaries.1.1 This practice covers the minimum elements for the accurate description of geospatial data for defining an Abandoned Mine Land Inventory System (AMLIS) Planning Unit (PU).1.1.1 This practice addresses mining geospatial data relative to the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA). This geospatial data shall be obtained from each state, tribal, or federal (or combinations thereof) coal mining regulatory authority (RA) authorized under SMCRA to reclaim the surface and underground effects of past mining operations. Abandoned mine land (AML), as specified in SMCRA Sections 404 (coal), 409 and 411 (non-coal) and cross referenced in additional sections on eligible lands, consists of those lands and waters which were mined for coal or other minerals (or both), or impacted by processing operations prior to enactment of the SMCRA and abandoned or left in an inadequate state of reclamation and for which there is no continuing reclamation responsibility under state or other federal laws for mitigation of adverse impacts to human health and safety or environmental resources.1.1.2 Title IV of the SMCRA establishes the national AML Reclamation Program under the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE), U.S. Department of the Interior. The program was developed to reclaim land and water resources adversely affected by past coal mining and left abandoned or inadequately restored. During the years immediately following enactment of the SMCRA, OSMRE, states, and Native American tribes conducted surveys of eligible lands and waters and created individual inventories of problems to be addressed under Title IV. In 1990 SMCRA was amended and OSMRE was required to maintain a national inventory of high priority abandoned coal sites and provide standardized procedures for states and tribes to use in updating the data. The need for an automated nationwide inventory led to the creation of the national AMLIS, a compilation of the individual state, tribe, Federal Reclamation Program (FRP), and Rural Abandoned Mine Program (RAMP) inventories. The AMLIS documents the estimated unfunded costs to remedy AML problems, records when funding is made available for a problem area, and captures costs for completed constructed projects. It is used to record the work completed under each individual AML program and report the extent and cost of AML problems remaining.1.1.3 Each state has been divided into Water Cataloging Units (WCU) by the U.S. Water Resources Council. These appear in the state’s Hydrologic Unit Map prepared by the U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Water Resources Council. The WCU are divided and sub-divided into successively smaller hydrologic units, which are classified into four levels: regions, sub-regions, accounting units, and cataloging units. The hydrologic units are arranged within each other, from the smallest (cataloging units) to the largest (regions). Each hydrologic unit is identified by a unique Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) consisting of two to eight digits based on the four levels of classification in the hydrologic unit system.1.1.4 As used in this practice, an AML PU represents a closed polygon that defines the boundary of a uniquely defined geographic area contained within a WCU. The entire WCU may be delineated as a single PU or subdivided into multiple PUs. In general, PUs east of the Mississippi River have historically corresponded to watersheds; PUs west of the Mississippi River have been defined in a number of ways, including quadrangles, grazing districts, townships, counties, or entire WCU.1.2 This practice applies to pre-SMCRA AML PUs that may contain problem areas and prioritized problem types that are inventoried in the AMLIS under the SMCRA Title IV Reauthorization to provide for identification and management of AML sites and reclamation operations and facilitate the sharing of information with the public.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

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