定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers requirements and test methods for annular, corrugated profile wall polyethylene pipe and fittings with an interior liner. The pipe and blow-molded fittings shall be made of virgin PE plastic compound having a cell classification 435400C or 435400 and its carbon black content shall not exceed 4 %. Compounds used in the manufacture of rotationally molded fittings and couplings shall be virgin PE having a cell classification of 213320C or 213320E and its carbon black content shall not exceed 4%. On the other hand, compounds used in the manufacture of injection molded fittings and couplings shall be made of virgin PE plastic compound having a cell classification 414420C or 414420E and its carbon black content shall not exceed 4 %. Different tests and measurements shall be performed in order to determine the following properties of pipes: inside diameter, length, minimum inner-liner thickness, perforations, stiffness, flattening, and impact resistance. The pipe and fittings shall be homogeneous throughout and be as uniform as commercially practical in color, opacity, and density. The pipe walls shall be free of cracks, holes, blisters, voids, foreign inclusions, or other defects that are visible to the naked eye and that may affect the wall integrity. The ends shall be cut cleanly and squarely. Holes intentionally placed in perforated pipe are acceptable.1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for annular, corrugated profile wall polyethylene pipe and fittings with an interior liner. The nominal inside diameters covered are 300 mm to 1500 mm [12 in. to 60 in.].1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide pipe and fittings for underground use for non-pressure gravity-flow storm sewer and subsurface drainage systems.NOTE 1: Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specification shall be installed in compliance with Practice D2321.1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with an interior liner using a corrugated exterior profile (Fig. 1).FIG. 1 Typical Annular Corrugated Pipe Profile1.4 The products manufactured under this standard use either virgin or recycled (post-industrial or post-consumer) materials in accordance with the requirements specified for each.1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

This specification covers test methods and requirements for dual wall polypropylene pipe and fittings. These requirements are intended to provide pipe and fittings suitable for underground use for nonpressure storm sewer systems. This specification also covers pipe and fittings with an interior smooth wall and an annular corrugated profile outer wall.1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for dual wall polypropylene pipe and fittings. The nominal inside diameters covered are 12 to 60 in. [300 to 1500 mm].1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide pipe and fittings suitable for underground use for non-pressure storm sewer systems. Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specification shall be installed in compliance with Practice D2321.1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with an interior smooth wall and an annular corrugated profile outer wall (Fig. 1).FIG. 1 Interior Smooth Wall and an Annular Corrugated Profile Outer Wall1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 The following precautionary statement caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 Various products and materials are routinely irradiated at pre-determined doses at electron beam facilities to preserve or modify their characteristics. Dosimetry requirements may vary depending on the radiation process and end use of the product. A partial list of processes where dosimetry may be used is given below.4.1.1 Polymerization of monomers and grafting of monomers onto polymers,4.1.2 Cross-linking or degradation of polymers,4.1.3 Curing of composite materials,4.1.4 Sterilization of health care products,4.1.5 Disinfection of consumer products,4.1.6 Food irradiation (parasite and pathogen control, insect disinfestation, and shelf-life extension),4.1.7 Control of pathogens and toxins in drinking water,4.1.8 Control of pathogens and toxins in liquid or solid waste,4.1.9 Modification of characteristics of semiconductor devices,4.1.10 Color enhancement of gemstones and other materials, and4.1.11 Research on radiation effects on materials.4.2 Dosimetry is used as a means of monitoring the irradiation process.NOTE 2: Dosimetry with measurement traceability and known uncertainty is required for regulated radiation processes such as sterilization of health care products (see ISO 11137-1 and Refs (1-36)) and preservation of food (see ISO 14470 and Ref (4)). It may be less important for other processes, such as polymer modification, which may be evaluated by changes in the physical and chemical properties of the irradiated materials. Nevertheless, routine dosimetry may be used to monitor the reproducibility of the treatment process.NOTE 3: Measured dose is often characterized as absorbed dose in water. Materials commonly found in single-use disposable medical devices and food are approximately equivalent to water in the absorption of ionizing radiation. Absorbed dose in materials other than water may be determined by applying conversion factors (5, 6).4.3 An irradiation process usually requires a minimum absorbed dose to achieve the desired effect. There may also be a maximum dose limit that the product can tolerate while still meeting its functional or regulatory specifications. Dosimetry is essential, since it is used to determine both of these limits during the research and development phase, and also to confirm that the product is routinely irradiated within these limits.4.4 The dose distribution within the product depends on process load characteristics, irradiation conditions, and operating parameters.4.5 Dosimetry systems must be calibrated with traceability to national or international standards and the measurement uncertainty must be known.4.6 Before a radiation facility is used, it must be characterized to determine its effectiveness in reproducibly delivering known, controllable doses. This involves testing and calibrating the process equipment, and dosimetry system.4.7 Before a radiation process is commenced it must be validated. This involves execution of Installation Qualification (IQ), Operational Qualification (OQ), and Performance Qualification (PQ), based on which process parameters are established that will ensure that product is irradiated within specified limits.4.8 To ensure consistent and reproducible dose delivery in a validated process, routine process control requires that documented procedures are established for activities to be carried out before, during and after irradiation, such as for ensuring consistent product loading configuration and for monitoring of critical operating parameters and routine dosimetry.1.1 This practice outlines dosimetric procedures to be followed in installation qualification (IQ), operational qualification (OQ) and performance qualifications (PQ), and routine processing at electron beam facilities.1.2 The electron beam energy range covered in this practice is between 300 keV and 25 MeV, although there are some discussions for other energies.1.3 Dosimetry is only one component of a total quality assurance program for adherence to good manufacturing practices used in radiation processing applications. Other measures besides dosimetry may be required for specific applications such as health care product sterilization and food preservation.1.4 Specific standards exist for the radiation sterilization of health care products and the irradiation of food. For the radiation sterilization of health care products, see ISO 11137-1 (Requirements) and ISO 11137-3 (Guidance on dosimetric aspects). For irradiation of food, see ISO 14470. In those areas covered by these standards, they take precedence. Information about effective or regulatory dose limits for food products is not within the scope of this practice (see ASTM Guides F1355, F1356, F1736, and F1885).1.5 This document is one of a set of standards that provides recommendations for properly implementing and utilizing dosimetry in radiation processing. It is intended to be read in conjunction with ISO/ASTM 52628, “Practice for Dosimetry in Radiation Processing”.NOTE 1: For guidance in the calibration of routine dosimetry systems, see ISO/ASTM Practice 51261. For further guidance in the use of specific dosimetry systems, see relevant ISO/ASTM Practices. For discussion of radiation dosimetry for pulsed radiation, see ICRU Report 34.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

定价： 1011元 / 折扣价： 860 元 加购物车

4.1 A variety of irradiation processes use low energy electron beam facilities to modify product characteristics. Dosimetry requirements, the number and frequency of measurements, and record keeping requirements will vary depending on the type and end use of the products being processed. Dosimetry is often used in conjunction with physical, chemical, or biological testing of the product, to help verify specific treatment parameters.NOTE 2: In many cases dosimetry results can be related to other quantitative product properties; for example, gel fraction, melt flow, elastic modulus, molecular weight distribution, or degree of cure.4.2 Radiation processing specifications usually include a minimum or maximum absorbed dose limit, or both. For a given application these limits may be set by government regulation or by limits inherent to the product itself.4.3 Critical operating parameters must be controlled to obtain reproducible dose distribution in processed materials. The electron beam energy, beam current, beam width and process line speed (conveying speed) affect absorbed dose.4.4 Before any electron beam facility can be routinely utilized, it must be characterized to determine the relationship between dose to product and the main operating parameters. This involves testing of the process equipment, calibrating the measuring instruments and the dosimetry system, and demonstrating the ability to consistently deliver the required dose within predetermined specifications.4.5 In order to establish metrological traceability for a dosimetry system and to measure doses with a known level of uncertainty, it is necessary to calibrate the dosimetry system under irradiation conditions that are consistent with those encountered in routine use. For example, a dosimetry system calibration conducted using penetrating gamma radiation or high energy electrons may result in significant dose measurement errors when the dosimetry system is used at low energy electron beam facilities. Details of calibration are discussed in Section 5.1.1 This practice covers dosimetric procedures to be followed in installation qualification, operational qualification and performance qualification (IQ, OQ, PQ), and routine processing at electron beam facilities to ensure that the product has been treated with an acceptable range of absorbed doses. Other procedures related to IQ, OQ, PQ, and routine product processing that may influence absorbed dose in the product are also discussed.1.2 The electron beam energy range covered in this practice is between 80 and 300 keV, generally referred to as low energy.1.3 Dosimetry is only one component of a total quality assurance program for an irradiation facility. Other measures may be required for specific applications such as medical device sterilization and food preservation.1.4 Other specific ISO and ASTM standards exist for the irradiation of food and the radiation sterilization of health care products. For the radiation sterilization of health care products, see ISO 11137-1. In those areas covered by ISO 11137-1, that standard takes precedence. For food irradiation, see ISO 14470. Information about effective or regulatory dose limits for food products is not within the scope of this practice (see ASTM F1355 and F1356).1.5 This document is one of a set of standards that provides recommendations for properly implementing dosimetry in radiation processing, and describes a means of achieving compliance with the requirements of ISO/ASTM 52628. It is intended to be read in conjunction with ISO/ASTM 52628.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 525元 / 折扣价： 447 元 加购物车

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 525元 / 折扣价： 447 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for annular, corrugated profile wall polyethylene pipe and fittings with an interior liner. The nominal inside diameters covered are 12 to 30 in. (300 to 750 mm).1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide pipe and fittings suitable for underground use for non-pressure sanitary sewer systems. Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specification shall be installed in compliance with Practice D2321.1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with an interior liner using a corrugated exterior profile (Fig. 1).1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This specification covers requirements and test methods for triple profile wall polyethylene pipe and fittings. The requirements of this specification are intended to provide pipe and fittings suitable for underground use for non-pressure sanitary sewer systems. Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specification shall be installed in compliance with Practice D2321. This specification covers pipe and fittings with an essentially smooth interior and exterior wall using an annular corrugated profile middle wall.1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for dual and triple profile wall polyethylene pipe and fittings. The nominal inside diameters covered are 12 in. to 60 in. [300 mm to 1500 mm].1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide pipe and fittings suitable for underground use for non-pressure sanitary sewer systems. Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specification shall be installed in compliance with Practice D2321.1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with an essentially smooth interior wall and either an annular corrugation (dual wall) or an essentially smooth and exterior wall using an annular corrugated profile middle wall (triple wall) (Fig. 1).FIG. 1 Typical Dual and Triple Wall Pipe Profile1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This test method covers wet sieving techniques for determination of fineness of hydraulic cement and raw materials by means of the No. 50, No. 100, and No. 200 sieves. The following apparatus shall be utilized: wet test sieves; spray nozzle; pressure gage; balance; weights; brush; dry test sieves; and NBS SRM No. 1004 (glass bead standard). Dry sieve standardization shall be performed by determining the correction factors and by preparing the standard samples. Wet sieve calibration shall follow and shall utilize the sieve correction factor. The procedure for wet sieving shall include the following: weighing of the sample; recording the weight and transferring the sample quantitatively to a clean dry sieve; wetting the sample thoroughly with a gentle stream of water; removing the sieve from under the nozzle and adjusting the pressure of the spray nozzle; returning the sieve to its position under the nozzle and washing it; moving the sieve in the spray with a circular motion; rinsing the sieve with distilled or deionized water immediately after removing it from the spray; blotting the lower surface of the screen cloth with a damp, clean cloth; drying the sieve and residue in an oven or over a hot plate; cooling the sieve; brushing the residue from the sieve; and weighing the sieve on a balance.1.1 This test method covers wet sieving techniques for determination of fineness of hydraulic cement and raw materials by means of the 300-μm (No. 50), the 150-μm (No. 100), and the 75-μm (No. 200) sieves.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Values in SI units [or inch-pound units] shall be obtained by measurement in SI units [or inch-pound units] or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI 10 of measurements made in other units. Values are stated in SI units when inch-pound units are not used in practice.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车