定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method provides a simple means of characterizing the important rheological properties and viscosity of thermoplastic polymers using very small amounts of material (approximately 25 to 50 mm in diameter by 1 to 3 mm in thickness ... approximately 3 to 5 g). Data are generally used for quality control, research and development, and establishment of optimum processing conditions.5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive method for determining molten polymer properties by measuring the elastic and loss moduli as a function of frequency, strain, temperature, or time. Plots of viscosity, storage, and loss moduli, and tan delta as a function of the aforementioned process parameters provide graphical representation indicative of molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, effects of chain branching, and melt-processability for specified conditions.5.2.1 Observed data are specific to experimental conditions. Reporting in full (as described in this test method) the conditions under which the data was obtained is essential to assist users with interpreting the data an reconciling apparent or perceived discrepancies.5.3 Values obtained in this test method can be used to assess the following:5.3.1 Complex viscosity of the polymer melt as a function of dynamic oscillation,5.3.2 Processing viscosity, minimum as well as changes in viscosity as a function of experimental parameters,5.3.3 Effects of processing treatment,5.3.4 Relative polymer behavioral properties, including viscosity and damping, and5.3.5 Effects of formulation additives that might affect processability or performance.5.4 Before proceeding with this test method, refer to the specification for the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the relevant ASTM materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in the test method. If there are no relevant ASTM material specifications, then the default conditions apply.1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation in determining and reporting the rheological properties of thermoplastic resins and other types of molten polymers. The method is useful for determining the complex viscosity and other significant viscoelastic characteristics of such materials as a function of frequency, strain amplitude, temperature, and time. It is known that fillers and other additives influence rheological properties.1.2 It incorporates a laboratory test method for determining the relevant rheological properties of a polymer melt subjected to various oscillatory deformations on an instrument of the type commonly referred to as a mechanical or dynamic spectrometer.1.3 This test method is intended to provide a means of determining the rheological properties of molten polymers, such as thermoplastics and thermoplastic elastomers over a range of temperatures by nonresonant, forced-vibration techniques. Plots of modulus, viscosity, and tan delta as a function of dynamic oscillation (frequency), strain amplitude, temperature, and time are indicative of the viscoelastic properties of a molten polymer.1.4 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 Hz to 100 Hz.1.5 This test method is intended for homogenous and heterogeneous molten polymeric systems and composite formulations containing chemical additives, including fillers, reinforcements, stabilizers, plasticizers, flame retardants, impact modifiers, processing aids, and other important chemical additives often incorporated into a polymeric system for specific functional properties, and which could affect the processability and functional performance. These polymeric material systems have molten viscosities typically less than 106 Pa·s (107 poise).1.6 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: This test method is equivalent to ISO 6721, Part 10.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This test method covers the procedures for determining the peak force-to-actuate of a mechanical pump dispenser. The apparatus required to perform the tests include a motorized compression tester or custom force-to-action machine, a device that can display the resulting force, and a means to rigidly hold the mechanical pump dispenser during testing. Appropriate machine operating and substance handling should be taken and calibration should be performed on the equipment before testing the clean, dry, and unused pump dispensers.1.1 This practice covers the determination of the peak force-to-actuate, sometimes called force-to-actuate (FTA), of a mechanical pump dispenser.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 5.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 The primary use of these test methods is testing to determine the specified mechanical properties of steel, stainless steel, and related alloy products for the evaluation of conformance of such products to a material specification under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 and its subcommittees as designated by a purchaser in a purchase order or contract.4.1.1 These test methods may be and are used by other ASTM Committees and other standards writing bodies for the purpose of conformance testing.4.1.2 The material condition at the time of testing, sampling frequency, specimen location and orientation, reporting requirements, and other test parameters are contained in the pertinent material specification or in a general requirement specification for the particular product form.4.1.3 Some material specifications require the use of additional test methods not described herein; in such cases, the required test method is described in that material specification or by reference to another appropriate test method standard.4.2 These test methods are also suitable to be used for testing of steel, stainless steel and related alloy materials for other purposes, such as incoming material acceptance testing by the purchaser or evaluation of components after service exposure.4.2.1 As with any mechanical testing, deviations from either specification limits or expected as-manufactured properties can occur for valid reasons besides deficiency of the original as-fabricated product. These reasons include, but are not limited to: subsequent service degradation from environmental exposure (for example, temperature, corrosion); static or cyclic service stress effects, mechanically-induced damage, material inhomogeneity, anisotropic structure, natural aging of select alloys, further processing not included in the specification, sampling limitations, and measuring equipment calibration uncertainty. There is statistical variation in all aspects of mechanical testing and variations in test results from prior tests are expected. An understanding of possible reasons for deviation from specified or expected test values should be applied in interpretation of test results.1.1 These test methods2 cover procedures and definitions for the mechanical testing of steels, stainless steels, and related alloys. The various mechanical tests herein described are used to determine properties required in the product specifications. Variations in testing methods are to be avoided, and standard methods of testing are to be followed to obtain reproducible and comparable results. In those cases in which the testing requirements for certain products are unique or at variance with these general procedures, the product specification testing requirements shall control.1.2 The following mechanical tests are described:  Sections               Tension 7 to 14               Bend 15               Hardness 16                    Brinell 17                    Rockwell 18                    Portable 19               Impact 20 to 30               Keywords 321.3 Annexes covering details peculiar to certain products are appended to these test methods as follows:  Annex     Bar Products Annex A1     Tubular Products Annex A2     Fasteners Annex A3     Round Wire Products Annex A4     Significance of Notched-Bar Impact Testing Annex A5     Converting Percentage Elongation of Round Specimens to          Equivalents for Flat Specimens Annex A6     Testing Multi-Wire Strand Annex A7     Rounding of Test Data Annex A8     Methods for Testing Steel Reinforcing Bars Annex A9     Procedure for Use and Control of Heat-cycle Simulation Annex A101.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 When these test methods are referenced in a metric product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in inch-pound (ksi) units then converted into SI (MPa) units. The elongation determined in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 in. or 8 in. may be reported in SI unit gauge lengths of 50 mm or 200 mm, respectively, as applicable. Conversely, when these test methods are referenced in an inch-pound product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in SI units then converted into inch-pound units. The elongation determined in SI unit gauge lengths of 50 mm or 200 mm may be reported in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 in. or 8 in., respectively, as applicable.1.5.1 The specimen used to determine the original units must conform to the applicable tolerances of the original unit system given in the dimension table not that of the converted tolerance dimensions.NOTE 1: This is due to the specimen SI dimensions and tolerances being hard conversions when this is not a dual standard. The user is directed to Test Methods A1058 if the tests are required in SI units.1.6 Attention is directed to ISO/IEC 17025 when there may be a need for information on criteria for evaluation of testing laboratories.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 918元 / 折扣价： 781 元 加购物车

5.1 Color and tinting strength are the most important properties of a color pigment. This test method provides a means of testing these properties for quality control.5.2 This test method is intended as a referee method so that such matters as the vehicle for preparing the dispersions and the white for making tints have been suggested. However, other vehicles and whites may be suitable for quality control purposes, and changes in this test method are allowed by agreement between the parties to a test.5.3 It is assumed that the most exact comparison of mass color and tinting strength occurs when the pigment is completely dispersed. By following the procedure described in Annex A1, the conditions for achieving the maximum practical degree of dispersion with a mechanical muller may be determined. Color and strength tests should be carried out under these conditions.5.4 The results obtained with a mechanical muller do not necessarily correlate directly with an industrial situation where different dispersing conditions exist. However, dispersion with a mechanical muller is a quick and inexpensive way of testing the color and strength of a pigment for routine quality control.1.1 This test method is intended to be used to compare the color and strength of a pigment under test with a reference standard of the same type and grade.1.2 This test method does not apply to white pigments.NOTE 1: Test Method D3022 is similar to this test method, but it utilizes a miniature sandmill rather than a mechanical muller, to disperse the chromatic pigment.NOTE 2: Test Method D332 and Test Method D2745 are similar to this test method, but they are intended for use with white pigments, rather than chromatic pigments.1.3 The values stated in SI units are the preferred unit of measurement. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

2.1 This practice is to be used to determine the length of a dip tube of a mechanical pump dispenser that extends to the bottom-corner of a container.2.2 This practice is to be used to determine the length of a dip tube of a mechanical pump dispenser that extends to the bottom-center of a container.1.1 This practice covers the determination technique for a dip tube of a mechanical pump dispenser.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

2.1 This practice is to be used to measure the length of a specified dip tube from the bottom of the sealing surface to the end of the dip tube in a mechanical pump dispenser.2.2 This practice is to be used to measure the exposed length of a specified dip tube of a mechanical pump dispenser.1.1 This practice covers the measurement technique for a dip tube of a mechanical pump dispenser.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

The physical and mechanical properties of cladding materials can be altered by exposure to a high-energy neutron flux. The magnitude and relationship of these changes are functions of the material and its metallurgical condition; the amount, rate, and energy spectrum of the radiation; the exposure temperature; the test temperature; the purity, velocity, volume, and purification system of the coolant; and effects of contained fuel.1.1 This practice covers the procedures for postirradiation examination of cladding, determination of breached nuclear fuel elements, selection of material and tests for radiation studies, determination of radiation conditions, conduction of tests for mechanical properties of cladding, and the reporting of data.1.2 The purpose of this practice is to provide detailed guidelines for the postirradiation examination of fuel element cladding and to achieve better correlation and interpretation of the data in the field of radiation effects.1.3 This practice may be applied to metallic cladding from all types of fuel elements. The tests described in this practice for determining mechanical properties of the fuel element cladding practice should be included in the preirradiation characterization of the cladding and for planning irradiation effects tests for evaluation of materials for cladding and other components in nuclear reactors.Note 1—The values stated in SI units as described in Standard E 380 are to be regarded as the standard.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

定价： 918元 / 折扣价： 781 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车