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1.1 This guide sets a protocol for generating and reporting measurements that are traceable to SI units or Certified Reference Materials in laboratories that serve the metals industries.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the application of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 This guide establishes basic requirements which should be met by water and environmental laboratories that generate and report test chemical analyses which the laboratory client desires to be traceable to SI units (Note 1) or certified reference materials traceable to SI units. Traceability of chemical analyses is important because it provides a uniform basis for the comparison of results from different measurement systems and because it relates those results to our current knowledge of physical laws (Note 2).NOTE 1: A certified reference material traceable to SI units is a certified reference material whose value can be related with a stated uncertainty through an unbroken change of comparisons to stated references (usually national or international standards) in SI units, such as a primary measurement made in SI units or a national standard certified in SI units.NOTE 2: Not all chemical analysis results can be traceable to SI units or to certified reference material’s traceable to SI units, such as turbidity and or total suspended solids.4.2 Many waters-related laboratories comply with ISO Guide 17025 and participate in Proficiency Testing Programs. Laboratories that are connected to the same accreditation bodies and Proficiency Test providers can be expected to report statistically similar results on the same sample. However, some test methods and some certified reference materials are not supported with data traceable to SI units. Therefore, fully compliant laboratories that are not connected to the same providers may report statistically different chemical analysis results if they used the same nontraceable test method on the same sample. This problem could be minimized if they used test methods, measurement devices, and certified reference materials that are traceable to SI units, where available.4.3 Although some standard test methods and certified reference materials provide evidence of traceability to SI units, many others do not. Therefore, not all laboratories can be expected to universally meet all requests for traceable analyses until the traceability of more test methods and certified reference materials is recognized through appropriate documentation.4.4 The primary significance of this guide is that it establishes a consensus that, in order for a laboratory to generate traceable measurements, it must (1) have a clear understanding of the needs of the user of the traceable measurements, (2) comply with the internationally accepted quality-system requirements included in ISO Guide 17025, (3) use test methods, measurement devices, and certified reference materials which have been shown to be traceable to SI units, and (4) be able to demonstrate that the measurement system was in statistical control at the time the measurements were made.4.5 It is expected that this guide will be used by Committee D19 in setting policies for the technical content of its standards that are designated to be usable to generate traceable chemical analyses.1.1 This guide sets a protocol for generating and reporting chemical analyses that are traceable to SI units or to certified reference materials in laboratories that serve the water and environmental industry.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Since the analysis of the atmosphere is influenced by phenomena in which all factors except the method of sampling and analytical procedure are beyond the control of the investigator, statistical consideration must be given to determine the adequacy of the number of samples obtained, the length of time that the sampling program is carried out, and the number of sites sampled. The purpose of the sampling and the characteristics of the contaminant to be measured will have an influence in determining this adequacy. Regular, or if possible, continuous measurements of the contaminant with simultaneous pertinent meteorological observations should be obtained during all seasons of the year. Statistical techniques may then be applied to determine the influence of the meteorological variables on the concentrations measured (2).5.2 Statistical methods may be used for the interpretation of all of the data available (2). Trends of patterns and relationships between variables of statistical significance may be detected. Much of the validity of the results will depend, however, on the comprehensiveness of the analysis and the location and contaminant measured. For example, if 24-h samples of suspended particulate matter are obtained only periodically (for example, every 6 or 8 days throughout the year), the geometric mean of the measured concentrations is representative of the median value assuming the data are log normally distributed. The geometric mean level may be used to compare the air quality at different locations at which such regular but intermittent observations of suspended particulate matter are made.1.1 The purpose of this practice is to present the broad concepts of sampling the ambient air for the concentrations of contaminants. Detailed procedures are not discussed. General principles in planning a sampling program are given including guidelines for the selection of sites and the location of the air sampling inlet.1.2 Investigations of atmospheric contaminants involve the study of a heterogeneous mass under uncontrolled conditions. Interpretation of the data derived from the air sampling program must often be based on the statistical theory of probability. Extreme care must be observed to obtain measurements over a sufficient length of time to obtain results that may be considered representative.1.3 The variables that may affect the contaminant concentrations are the atmospheric stability (temperature-height profile), turbulence, wind speed and direction, solar radiation, precipitation, topography, emission rates, chemical reaction rates for their formation and decomposition, and the physical and chemical properties of the contaminant. To obtain concentrations of gaseous contaminants in terms of weight per unit volume, the ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure at the location sampled must be known.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This practice addresses an AMLIS PU and its geospatial data relative to the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA). In general, PUs east of the Mississippi River have historically corresponded to watersheds; PUs west of the Mississippi River have been defined in a number of ways, including quadrangles, grazing districts, townships, counties, or entire WCU. This practice is significant to communities impacted by abandoned mines because it provides for uniformity of geospatial data pertaining to the geographic location and description of AML PUs located throughout the United States. These standards will help ensure uniformity of data contributed by each RA and assist organizations in future efforts to create and utilize geospatial data relative to the reclamation of land and the remediation of watersheds located within the AML PUs across the United States.Qualitative and quantitative AMLIS PU descriptions shall be obtained from state and federal regulatory authorities. Use of this standard will help create consistent maps and increase the awareness of the AML PUs throughout the United States and the status of the current reclamation that occurs within each PU over time. This standard creates well organized and easily accessible AML PU data and relational attributes, and it will lead to better communication between RA and federal offices, the public, industry and environmental groups.As used in this practice, the geospatial data represents an area where coal removal occurred prior to SMCRA and these unreclaimed mining features continue to be present within a defined AMLIS PU, defined as a polygon feature. This practice creates an easier and more efficient way to utilize and share AML PU geospatial data between RAs and communities impacted by abandoned mines.The data set may be served as a layer in The National Map, an online, interactive map service sponsored by a consortium of US federal, state, and local partners and hosted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The National Map provides a consistent framework for high-quality, geospatial data and information from multiple partners to enhance America's ability to access, integrate, and apply current, accurate, and nationally consistent digital data at global, national, and local scales.This standard conforms to the definition of a Data Content Standard as promulgated by the U.S. Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC). Terminology and definitions for identifying geographical features and describing the data model has been adopted from the FGDC Spatial Data Transfer Standard (ANSI INCITS 320-1998 (R2003)) and the FGDC Framework Data Content Standard (FGDC Project 1574-D) Information Technology – Part 5 Governmental unit and other geographic area boundaries.1.1 This practice covers the minimum elements for the accurate description of geospatial data for defining an Abandoned Mine Land Inventory System (AMLIS) Planning Unit (PU).1.1.1 This practice addresses mining geospatial data relative to the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA). This geospatial data shall be obtained from each state, tribal, or federal (or combinations thereof) coal mining regulatory authority (RA) authorized under SMCRA to reclaim the surface and underground effects of past mining operations. Abandoned mine land (AML), as specified in SMCRA Sections 404 (coal), 409 and 411 (non-coal) and cross referenced in additional sections on eligible lands, consists of those lands and waters which were mined for coal or other minerals (or both), or impacted by processing operations prior to enactment of the SMCRA and abandoned or left in an inadequate state of reclamation and for which there is no continuing reclamation responsibility under state or other federal laws for mitigation of adverse impacts to human health and safety or environmental resources.1.1.2 Title IV of the SMCRA establishes the national AML Reclamation Program under the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE), U.S. Department of the Interior. The program was developed to reclaim land and water resources adversely affected by past coal mining and left abandoned or inadequately restored. During the years immediately following enactment of the SMCRA, OSMRE, states, and Native American tribes conducted surveys of eligible lands and waters and created individual inventories of problems to be addressed under Title IV. In 1990 SMCRA was amended and OSMRE was required to maintain a national inventory of high priority abandoned coal sites and provide standardized procedures for states and tribes to use in updating the data. The need for an automated nationwide inventory led to the creation of the national AMLIS, a compilation of the individual state, tribe, Federal Reclamation Program (FRP), and Rural Abandoned Mine Program (RAMP) inventories. The AMLIS documents the estimated unfunded costs to remedy AML problems, records when funding is made available for a problem area, and captures costs for completed constructed projects. It is used to record the work completed under each individual AML program and report the extent and cost of AML problems remaining.1.1.3 Each state has been divided into Water Cataloging Units (WCU) by the U.S. Water Resources Council. These appear in the state’s Hydrologic Unit Map prepared by the U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Water Resources Council. The WCU are divided and sub-divided into successively smaller hydrologic units, which are classified into four levels: regions, sub-regions, accounting units, and cataloging units. The hydrologic units are arranged within each other, from the smallest (cataloging units) to the largest (regions). Each hydrologic unit is identified by a unique Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) consisting of two to eight digits based on the four levels of classification in the hydrologic unit system.1.1.4 As used in this practice, an AML PU represents a closed polygon that defines the boundary of a uniquely defined geographic area contained within a WCU. The entire WCU may be delineated as a single PU or subdivided into multiple PUs. In general, PUs east of the Mississippi River have historically corresponded to watersheds; PUs west of the Mississippi River have been defined in a number of ways, including quadrangles, grazing districts, townships, counties, or entire WCU.1.2 This practice applies to pre-SMCRA AML PUs that may contain problem areas and prioritized problem types that are inventoried in the AMLIS under the SMCRA Title IV Reauthorization to provide for identification and management of AML sites and reclamation operations and facilitate the sharing of information with the public.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

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3.1 The procedures covered in this guide are general and provide the user with information helpful for writing sampling plans, safety plans, labeling and shipping procedures, chain-of-custody procedures, general sampling procedures, general cleaning procedures, and general preservation procedures.3.2 For purposes of this guide, it is assumed that the user has knowledge of the waste being sampled and the possible safety hazards.3.3 This guide is not to be used when sampling sites or wastes when safety hazards are unknown. In such cases, the user shall use other more appropriate procedures.1.1 This guide provides information for formulating and planning the many aspects of waste sampling (see 1.2) that are common to most waste sampling situations.1.2 The aspects of sampling that this guide addresses are as follows:  SectionSafety plans  4Sampling plans  5Quality assurance considerations  6General sampling considerations  7Preservation and containerization  8Cleaning equipment  9Packaging, labeling, and shipping procedures 10Chain-of-custody procedure 111.3 This guide does not provide comprehensive sampling procedures for these aspects, nor does it serve as a guide to any specific application. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the procedures used are proper and adequate.1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific precautionary statements see 3.2, 3.3, and Section 4.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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