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5.1 General—Hydrogen sulfide is nearly ubiquitous. It occurs naturally in volcanic gases, in sulfur springs and fumaroles, in decaying of plant and animal protein, and in intestines as a result of bacterial action. Hydrogen sulfide is a serious hazard to the health of workers employed in energy production from hydrocarbon or geothermal sources, in the production of fibers and sheets from viscose syrup, in the production of deuterium oxide (heavy water), in tanneries, sewers, sewage treatment and animal waste disposal, in work below ground, on fishing boats, and in chemical operations, including the gas and oil industry.5.2 In 29 CFR 1910.1000, the Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration designates that worker exposure to certain gases and vapors must not be exceeded in workplace atmospheres at concentrations above specific values, averaged over a certain time span. Hydrogen sulfide is included in this list. Refer also to NIOSH Criteria for a Recommended Standard, Occupational Exposure to Hydrogen Sulfide.5.3 This practice will provide means for the determination of airborne concentrations of hydrogen sulfide.5.4 This practice provides means for either personal or area sampling and for short-term or time-weighted average (TWA) measurements. Refer to Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances in the Work Environment.1.1 This practice covers the detection of hydrogen sulfide gas by visual chemical detectors. Included under visual chemical detectors are: short-term detector tubes (1),2 long-term detector tubes (2), and length-of-stain dosimeters (3). Diffusion tubes are not included under this practice because they are not direct reading, and spot tests are not included because of their poor accuracy. The sample results are immediately available by visual observation, thus no analytical equipment is needed.1.2 This practice reflects the current state-of-the-art for commercially available visual length-of-stain detectors for hydrogen sulfide. Any mention of a specific manufacturer in the text or references does not constitute an endorsement by ASTM.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元 加购物车

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元 加购物车

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 Conformance to this guide will reduce chances of misunderstanding between suppliers and users of pressure-sensitive tapes.4.2 It is recommended that this guide be referenced where widths and lengths of pressure-sensitive tapes are stated, such as in contracts, orders, advertisements, and labeling.1.1 This guide provides guidelines for widths and lengths of pressure-sensitive tape, including tolerances and labeling in the inch-pound and SI systems. It is not intended for tapes used for medical, surgical, or label stock purposes.1.2 Units stated in the inch-pound system followed by a calculated unit in the SI system are to be regarded separately as standard and should not be interchangeable with units stated in the SI system. The units stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 Maps, automobile odometers, and highway and distance markers are not sufficiently accurate to describe the length of a route for tire testing purposes. The proposed procedure describes a test method for measuring the length of a road course with sufficient accuracy for tire testing purposes.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the accurate length measurement of road courses used for testing all types of pneumatic tires on various associated vehicles.1.2 This test method is intended for use on public highways or closed circuit test courses, or both, that cannot be measured practically by surveying techniques.1.3 Use of this test method requires that the surface of the test course to be measured shall be sufficiently smooth to preclude bounce or hop of the fifth wheel, which will affect the accuracy of the measurement. The normal highway surface is adequate for this test method.1.4 It is not the intent or scope of this test method to encompass distance measurements of test courses whose surfaces are irregular, broken up, jagged, and so forth, such as rock courses, Belgian block, “rumble” surfaces, and the like. Snow- and ice-covered surfaces also are excluded.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 Knowledge of the average fiber length and the distribution of fibers is of primary importance to users of top in further processing.5.2 Acceptance specifications for the fiber length and length distribution may be established by the user based on the type of yarn-making equipment employed and the desired end uses.5.3 Test Method D519 for testing wool top for fiber length is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing and the current estimates of the between-laboratory precisions are acceptable.5.3.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative testing to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogenous as possible and that are from a lot of the type material in question. The test specimens should then be assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known bias.  (Front View)       (Rear View)  1—Frame.       5—Drawing clamp.  2—Faller bars.       6—Depressor.  3—Side comb.       7—Plush board.  4—Retaining bars.       8—Faller bar lifting plate.FIG. 1 Wool Fiber Stapling ApparatusTABLE 1 Form with Recorded Data Showing the Calculation of the Average Fiber Length of Wool, the Standard Deviation, and Coefficient of VariationNote 1—When using equipment graduated in metric units, use class intervals 10 mm long, and calculate the average and standard deviation to the nearest 0.2 mm.Class Intervals, in. Mass, g Percentages Cumulative FrequenciesFirst Cumulative,less than Second Cumulative,less than6.0 to 6.5 0.014   2.4 100.0  840.15.5 to 6.0 0.010   1.7  97.6  740.15.0 to 5.5 0.013   2.2  95.9  642.54.5 to 5.0 0.018   3.1  93.7  546.64.0 to 4.5 0.038   6.5  90.6  452.93.5 to 4.0 0.051   8.7  84.1  362.33.0 to 3.5 0.062  10.6  75.4  278.22.5 to 3.0 0.072  12.3  64.8  202.82.0 to 2.5 0.079  13.5  52.5  138.01.5 to 2.0 0.080  13.6  39.0   85.51.0 to 1.5 0.065  11.0  25.4   46.50.5 to 1.0 0.045   7.7  14.4   21.1  0 to 0.5 0.039   6.7   6.7    6.7                      Totals 0.586 100.0 = ∑ 840.1 4363.3  Divided by ∑percentages F 1 = 8.40 F 2 = 43.63B = the largest midpoint value for which a frequency is recorded = 6.25 in.m = the class interval = 0.5 in.Percentage of fibers under 2 in. = 39.0 %.Calculations:v = 100 (σ/X) = 100 × (1.4/2.6) = 56.47 %.where:X   =   average fiber length of wool,s   =   standard deviation, andv   =   coefficient of variation.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the average length and length distribution of fibers in wool top, on a mass-biased basis. The method is applicable to all types of fibers in sliver formed from long parallelized fibers.Note 1—The determination of fiber length of wool is covered in Test Method D1575, Test Method for Fiber Length of Wool in Scoured Wool and in Card Sliver, the staple length of grease wool is covered in Test Method D1234, Test Method of Sampling and Testing Staple Length of Grease Wool.Note 2—This test method specifically requires length in inches and mass in SI units and is not contrary to ASTM policy. The SI units in parentheses are provided for information only.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 The testing procedure in this test method for the determination of staple length is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of grease wool since the test method has been used in the trade for acceptance testing.5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known bias.5.2 The test method is used for the determination of the average unstretched staple length and the staple length distribution of a lot of wool in order to assign length classes when determining the conformance of lots and shipments to length specifications.5.3 In this test method, the size of a lot covered by the test procedure is limited to not more than 200 packages per test. Any shipment exceeding the above limits is divided into lots within the prescribed limits.5.4 The nature of the sampling procedure is such that grease wool staples as originally drawn from the wool of the lot require only a slight amount of preparation before measurement. The bulk and laboratory samples are synonymous in this test method.5.5 Compression of wool in the bale makes it difficult to penetrate the interior of the bale with the sampling tool. However, staples can be drawn from the surface of the bale with the sampling tool or by hand.5.6 Practice D4271 contains information on how to write a section on sampling in test methods.Note 2—An extensive discussion of grease wool staple sampling can be found in the literature.51.1 This test method2 covers procedures for sampling and measuring the unstretched staple length, and variability in length, of grease or pulled wool staples. The test method is also applicable to mohair and other animal fibers in staple form. The procedure is not recommended for individual fibers or groups of straightened fibers.Note 1—The determination of fiber length in wool top is covered in Test Method D519, the determination of fiber length of wool is covered in Test Method D1575.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method provides a simple procedure for obtaining information on the fiber length distribution of suitable asbestos fiber. The use of relatively low cost apparatus, small test specimens, and a short test period, enhance the usefulness of this test method.5.2 Normally, results obtained by this test method are reproducible under comparable laboratory conditions. However, close agreement cannot be expected unless all deviations from the procedure, however minor, are avoided. Moreover, results for longer fiber grades are influenced to a greater extent by differences in fiber length distribution, and characteristics, than are those for shorter grades.5.3 This test is suitable for specification acceptance and manufacturing control.5.4 It is assumed that all undersized fibers, and only those, will pass through any given sieve aperture. However, this idealized condition is not normally achieved. Thus, results should not be misconstrued as true length distribution data.1.1 This test method covers the operation of the Turner and Newall (T and N) wet sieving classifier for asbestos,2 and a procedure for the determination of fiber length distribution and fines (defined in Terminology D2946) content of milled asbestos fiber (−74 μm [200 mesh]) sieve described in Specification E11.1.2 For purposes of estimating length distribution, the test is limited to samples free from excessive quantities of non-fibrous particles or contaminants. Quantities exceeding 0.05 g retained in any given length fractions are considered excessive.1.3 For comparisons between different fiber grades, only those specimens which have approximately the same degree of fiberization as determined by Test Methods D2752/D2752M will give completely meaningful results.1.4 This test method is not applicable to ultrafine grades of asbestos powders which contain little or no fibers retained on a 74-μm [200 mesh] sieve. This method is restricted to Quebec Standard3 grades 4A to 7D inclusive as determined by Test Method D3639/D3639M.NOTE 1: This is an alternative procedure to Test Method D2589/D2589M.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.6 Warning—Breathing of asbestos dust is hazardous. Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated health risks for users and for those with whom they come into contact. In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-cement products, minimize the dust that results. For information on the safe use of chrysoltile asbestos, refer to “Safe Use of Chrysotile Asbestos: A Manual on Preventive and Control Measures.”41.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 1.6.

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