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4.1 The information contained in this guide is general in nature because of: the great number of commercially available firestop systems globally; the quantity and variety of internationally published firestop system’s listings; worldwide variations in building and fire code requirements; and the many conditions and applications associated with a firestop system’s use.4.2 This guide provides general information and guidance that is primarily used by firestop contractors and firestop industry inspectors of a firestop system. However, this guide should also be used by others, such as architects, engineers, specifiers, etc. Some of the information referenced in this guide provides resources for additional information not contained in the manufacturer’s installations, the firestop system’s test report, and listing. Information contained in this guide also allows a single source for a general comparison of firestop materials used during the installation of firestop systems.4.3 This guide discusses general procedures, such as substrate cleaning and priming, as well as installation of the components of a firestop system.NOTE 2: The term “substrate” has a particular meaning in engineering. A substrate is defined as the “basic surface on which a material adheres, for example, paint or laminate.”214.4 This guide explains the general properties and functions of various penetrating items and firestop materials.4.5 This guide presents general guidelines for the application of the various materials used in the installation of a firestop system for a specific application, and environmental conditions and effects that are known to potentially affect a firestop system’s installation.4.6 This guide is intended to be read completely at least once, and each of the Sections 1 through 19 should be read in their entirety to avoid misunderstanding and misapplication.4.7 This guide may22 also provide some value to users of IMO Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) and other International Maritime Organization (IMO) documents, including the IMO FTP Code, on fire testing firestop systems, also known as “penetration systems.”4.8 This guide is not an all-inclusive document. It is intended to address common sources for planning, preparation, and installation of firestop systems. References to other documents made herein contain important information and details that provide more in-depth knowledge of firestop systems and their installation.4.9 This guide does not provide all of the specific information that is typically described in test reports, listings or judgments with justifiable technical rationale for specific applications of firestop systems.4.10 This guide is not a firestop system’s installation manual.NOTE 3: The firestop system’s manufacturer should be consulted about applications for their firestop materials, including their proper storage, use, and installation.4.11 This guide does not provide detailed information about the firestop system’s inspection process or provide specific information about firestop industry inspector’s qualifications and competence.NOTE 4: Practice E2174 provides a method for on-site inspection of firestop systems. The ICC International Building Code13 references Practice E2174 under requirements for special inspections. Practice E3038 provides information for assessing and qualifying candidates as firestop industry inspectors of firestop systems based on the candidate’s competence.4.12 Except as discussed in 6.8, this guide does not provide information about “blank openings,” which involve an opening that is sealed with firestop materials but does not have any penetrating items.4.13 Test reports, listings, and judgments with justifiable technical rationale do not normally contain all the information needed related to the aging, environmental, mechanical, and physical properties of the firestop system; or the longevity, durability, and performance of the firestop system. This guide offers some resources to ascertain this supplemental information because these characteristics can affect the firestop system’s installation and performance.NOTE 5: Some information related to these performance characteristics of firestop systems or firestop materials is also found in: Test Method E2785, which tests for exposure of firestop materials to environmental conditions; Test Methods E2786, which measures expansion of intumescent materials used in firestop systems; and Practice E2923, which measures the relative movement capabilities of through-penetration firestop systems. Still, other performance characteristics of the firestop system can be specified that are not contained in firestop system’s test report or listing may also be required, such as surface flammability and smoke attributes determined by Test Method E84 or other similar standards (for example, CAN/ULC-S102, EN 13501-1, NFPA 255, UL 723, etc).1.1 This guide is a compendium of information related to installing firestop systems in fire-separating elements. This guide is intended to be used to increase industry knowledge of national and international testing requirements, code prerequisites, and other supplemental tests that may be specified, which can affect the installation and performance of firestop systems.1.2 This guide relates to the use of firestop systems tested, or evaluated, to Test Method E814 and other test methods addressing the same specific subject matter, such as CAN/ULC-S115; EN 1366-3; IMO Resolution MSC.307(88), FTP Code; IEEE 634; ISO 10295-1; UL 1479; etc.1.3 This guide also addresses the use of firestop systems tested or evaluated to Test Methods E119 or other test methods that use a firestop system as a component of a typically larger test assembly, such as AS 1530.4; BS 476-21; BS 476;3 CAN/ULC-S101; ISO 834;4 NFPA 251; UL 263; etc.1.4 This guide discusses the installation of firestop systems in membrane penetrations and through penetrations. The installation is typically performed by a firestop contractor (also known as a firestop installer or an installer). However, the quality of the installation is based on the information provided to the firestop contractor as well as the expertise and competence of the firestop contractor. A lack of information in the test report, listing, manufacturer’s instructions, or project documents can be the cause of a deficient installation.1.5 The term “firestop system” refers to and includes both a membrane-penetration firestop system and through-penetration firestop system.1.6 Information in this guide is applicable to firestop systems that accommodate single or multiple penetrating items.1.7 This guide does not address the design aspects of locating and defining the dimensions of an opening; or the method to create the opening; or the inspection of the penetrating item prior to firestop material installation. However, locating and defining the dimensions of an opening and the method to create the opening are critical to a firestop system’s installation.1.8 This guide does not address all the test methods needed to address proper performance of all firestop systems or firestop materials.NOTE 1: For example, IEEE 848 provides information on the ampacity derating of cables that are protected by firestop systems using IEEE 835 as baseline information.1.9 This guide does not address all the test methods needed to address proper performance of firestop systems in all installations. For a specific application of a firestop system one or more of the following are consulted when available:1.9.1 The firestop system’s test report or listing;1.9.2 The manufacturer’s instructions when they are not in conflict with the firestop system’s test report or listing; or1.9.3 A judgment with justifiable technical rationale prepared based on a firestop system’s test report or listing.1.10 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.11 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.12 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.13 Fire standards, other than ASTM standards, are referenced in this document. The following caveat applies to all fire standards referenced in this guide. Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.1.14 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.15 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The purpose of this practice is to provide designers, engineers, manufactures, owners, and operators with criteria and references for use in designing, inspecting, and operating patron transportation conveyor systems which are integral with a water related ride or device.1.1 This practice applies to the classification, design, manufacture, construction, and operation of patron transportation conveyors, integral with the operation of water related amusement rides or devices as scoped in Practice F2376-21a.1.2 This practice applies to conveyors used for patron loading/unloading or to transport patrons on rafts, tubes, or other vehicles. Loading, sequencing, transitioning, starting, and unloading conveyors that carry patrons are included in the scope of this practice.1.3 This practice shall affect new conveying systems or major modifications of conveyors used in an amusement ride or attraction.1.4 This practice includes an appendix (non-mandatory), which provides additional information (for example, rationale, background, interpretations, drawings, commentary, and so forth) to improve the user’s understanding and application of the criteria presented in this practice. The appendix information shall not be interpreted as mandatory design criteria.1.5 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Metalworking may be divided into two general types of processes, metal deformation (such as rolling) and metal removal (such as grinding or cutting). This classification lists the various types of fluid and non-fluid materials used to directly provide cooling and lubrication in both types of metalworking processes. It is intended for use by those in metalworking or related industries who want to differentiate these materials. It is up to the user of this classification to determine the relevance of the items listed with respect to their application.1.1 This classification covers and is designed to standardize and consolidate the terminology, nomenclature, and classification of metalworking fluids and related materials.1.2 Metalworking fluids includes both metal removal and forming fluids. These are the coolants and lubricants associated with both types of processes.1.3 This classification implies no evaluation of product quality or suitability for a given metalworking operation.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is suitable for setting specifications, for use as an internal quality control tool, and for use in development or research work on industrial aromatic hydrocarbons and related materials.5.2 This test method gives a broad indication of general purity and can also indicate presence of excessive moisture. It will not differentiate between products of similar boiling range.1.1 This test method covers the distillation of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons and related materials of relatively narrow boiling ranges from 30 to 250°C. Warning—This test method is not applicable for styrene which will exothermically polymerize during the distillation process.1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this test method: for the purposes of determining conformance to this test method, an observed or calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 6.5.2, 6.6.1, and Section 7.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

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4.1 These test methods provide procedures for determining the envelope-specific surface area of powders, from which is calculated an “average” particle diameter, assuming the particles are monosize, smooth surface, nonporous, spherical particles. For this reason, values obtained by these test methods will be reported as an average particle size or Fisher Number. The degree of correlation between the results of these test methods and the quality of powders in use will vary with each particular application and has not been fully determined.4.2 These test methods are generally applicable to all metal powders and related compounds, including carbides, nitrides, and oxides, for particles having diameters between 0.2 and 75 μm (MIC SAS) or between 0.5 and 50 μm (FSSS). They should not be used for powders composed of particles whose shape is too far from equiaxed - that is, flakes or fibers. In these cases, it is permissible to use the test methods described only by agreement between the parties concerned. These test methods shall not be used for mixtures of different powders, nor for powders containing binders or lubricants. When the powder contains agglomerates, the measured surface area may be affected by the degree of agglomeration. Methods of de-agglomeration such as that specified in Practice B859 may be used if agreed upon between the parties concerned.4.3 When an “average” particle size of powders is determined either the MIC SAS or the FSSS, it should be clearly kept in mind that this average size is derived from the determination of the specific surface area of the powder using a relationship that is true only for powders of uniform size and spherical shape. Thus, the results of these methods are only estimates of average particle size.1.1 These test methods use air permeability to determine an envelope-specific surface area and its associated average equivalent spherical diameter (from 0.2 to 75μm) of metal powders and related compounds. The powders may be analyzed in their “as-supplied” (shipped, received, or processed) condition or after they have been de-agglomerated or milled by a laboratory procedure (“lab milled”) such as that specified in Practice B859. The values obtained are not intended to be absolute but are generally useful on a relative basis for control purposes.1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the longstanding industry practice; and the units for pressure, cm H2O - also long-standing practice; the values in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1  Hydrogen is delivered to fuel cell powered automotive vehicles and stationary appliances at pressures up to 87.5 MPa. The quality of hydrogen delivered is a significant factor in maximizing fuel cell efficiency and life span. Contamination can occur during the production of fuel cell feed gases, contaminating storage containers, station tubing, and fuel lines used for fuel delivery. Collection of a representative fuel sample without the introduction of contaminants even as low as parts-per-billion (ppb) per contaminant during collection is crucial for assessing the quality of fuel in real world applications.5.2 This practice is intended for application to high pressure, high purity hydrogen; however, the apparatus design and sampling techniques may be applicable to collection of other fuel cell feed gases. Many of the techniques used in this practice can be applied to lower pressure/lower purity gas streams.1.1 This standard practice describes a sampling procedure of high pressure hydrogen at fueling stations operating at 35 or 70 megapascals (MPa) using a hydrogen quality sampling apparatus (HQSA).1.2 This practice does not include the analysis of the acquired sample. Applicable ASTM standards include but are not limited to test methods referenced in Section 2 of this practice.1.3 This practice is not intended for sampling and measuring particulate matter in high pressure hydrogen. For procedures on sampling and measuring particulate matter see ASTM D7650 and D7651.1.4 The values stated in SI units are standard. The values stated in inch-pounds are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 These test methods provide general testing requirements for application to a broad range of concrete products. Those general testing requirements are included in the body of this standard.NOTE 2: Consult manufacturer, supplier, product specifications, or other resources for more specific measurement or testing guidelines for those products not addressed with the annex of this standard.4.2 These test methods provide specific testing requirements in two distinct sections, the requirements applicable to all units covered by these test methods and those applicable to the specific unit types. The requirements applicable to all units are included in the body of these test methods and those applicable to the specific unit types are included within the annexes.1.1 These test methods provide various testing procedures commonly used for evaluating characteristics of concrete masonry units and related concrete units. Methods are provided for sampling, measurement of dimensions, compressive strength, absorption, unit weight (density), moisture content, flexural load, and ballast weight. Not all methods are applicable to all unit types, however.1.2 Specific testing and reporting procedures are included in annexes to these test methods for the following specific unit types:Annex A1—Concrete masonry units  (Specifications C90, C129)Annex A2—Concrete and calcium silicate brick  (Specifications C55, C73, C1634)Annex A3—Segmental retaining wall units (Specification C1372)Annex A4—Concrete interlocking paving units  (Specification C936/C936M)Annex A5—Concrete grid paving units (Specification C1319)Annex A6—Concrete roof pavers  (Specification C1491)Annex A7—Dry-cast articulating concrete block (Specification D6684)Annex A8—Segmental concrete paving slabs (Specification C1782/C1782M)Annex A9—Concrete ballast block (Specification C1884)1.3 The test procedures included in these test methods are also applicable to other types of units not referenced in these test methods, but specific testing and reporting requirements for those units are not included.1.4 These test methods include the following sections:  Section             1Referenced Documents      2Terminology          3       4Sampling            5Measurement of Dimensions    6Compressive Strength      7Absorption           8Calculations           9Report             10Keywords            11Annexes—Test Procedures  Concrete Masonry Units      Annex A1Concrete and Calcium Silicate Brick  Annex A2Segmental Retaining Wall Units   Annex A3Concrete Interlocking Paving Units Annex A4Concrete Grid Paving  Units     Annex A5Concrete Roof Pavers       Annex A6Dry-Cast Articulating  Concrete Block Annex A7Segmental Concrete Paving Slabs Annex A8Concrete Ballast Block Annex A9Worksheet and Test Report for Concrete Masonry Units     Appendix X1Test Report for Concrete Interlocking Paving Units Appendix X2Calculation of Normalized Web Area Appendix X3NOTE 1: The testing laboratory performing these test methods should be evaluated in accordance with Practice C1093.1.5 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车